Department of Energy Office of Science

The DOE High Energy Physics Program

Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics DOE Office of Science Fundamental Physics in Space Conference Warrenton, VA May 24, 2006

Department of Energy

DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

Office of Science

Goal is to Explore the Fundamental Interactions of Energy, Matter, Time, and Space

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Understand the unification of fundamental particles and forces and the mysterious forms of unseen energy and matter that dominate the universe

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Search for possible new dimensions of space

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Connections between the physics of elementary particles and the physics that determines the structure of the universe

HEP Office supports ~ 90% of U.S. High Energy Physics and coordinates with NSF, NASA and international efforts

We coordinate our program with the National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA and International Efforts

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 2

Department of Energy

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) - Components of the Program

Office of Science

Accelerator-based physics is our primary tool

neutrino studies, b-quarks, CP violation

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Top quarks, Higgs search, extra dimensions, supersymmetry;

Operating experiments: Accelerator CDF and DZero Fermilab Tevatron MiniBooNE Fermilab Main Injector BaBar K2K MINOS BES SLAC B-factory Japan Fermilab Main Injector China (IHEP) Physics Top quark, Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions Neutrino mixing Matter-antimatter, b quark, CP violation Neutrino mixing Neutrino mixing (long baseline) charm and bottom quarks Under Construction : ATLAS & CMS CERN Large Hadron Collider Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions Proposed or Future Planning: International Linear Collider Electron Neutrino Appearance Experiment High Intensity Neutrino Beam Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions Neutrino mass, mixing, hierarchy Neutrino mass, mixing, hierarchy

Department of Energy

Today’s Tools: Currently Running U.S. HEP Accelerator Experiments

Office of Science

Tevatron at Fermilab Neutrinos @ MINOS B-factory at SLAC

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 4

Tomorrow’s Tool

Department of Energy Office of Science

ATLAS@CERN

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 5

Department of Energy

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) - Components of the Program

Office of Science

Non-accelerator physics –

Atmospheric, solar and reactor Neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy, high energy cosmic & gamma rays

Operating experiments

Super-K, KamLAND in Japan

a growing and important sector

Physics

 Proton decay, neutrino mixing Sloan Digital Sky Survey Supernova Cosmology Project, Nearby Supernova Factory Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Approved & Under Construction: Large Area Telescope (LAT) – on NASA GLAST mission 3D sky map, dark energy dark energy dark matter in cosmic rays gamma rays, dark matter Pierre Auger – ground array in Argentina AMS – Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer – on ISS VERITAS – telescope in Arizona high energy cosmic rays cosmic antimatter high energy gamma rays dark matter search Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) Proposed (far from an exhaustive list): Reactor Neutrino Experiment – Daya Bay Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) – space based Large-aperture Survey Telescope (LST) – ground-based Dark Energy Survey Telescope (DES) – ground-based Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) Neutrino mixing dark energy dark energy dark energy Majorana neutrino mass

Department of Energy

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

Office of Science

• •

Other Components of the Program are: Theory –

elementary particles and fields

Technology R&D -

for accelerator and detector technologies

Plans for FY 2007 President’s Budget Request is ~8% increase

• Fully support our operating facilities: Tevatron at Fermilab and B-

factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)

• Increased support for Large Hadron Collider experiments as

construction completes & for our research program

• R&D for new initiatives Kathy Turner, 24May2006 7

Department of Energy

The Scientific Context - Discovery

Office of Science

Plans for FY 2007

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R&D Investment in Future Initiatives:

• International Linear Collider • new neutrino experiments – accelerator & reactor • long-term accelerator technologies • Dark Energy - Increase R&D for ground- and space-based concepts • We are entering the age of the Terascale energies – The reigning theory (Standard Model) is as precise as it is

incomplete.

– How the weak and electromagnetic forces unify is a

mystery …but the consequences are likely dramatic

• Dark Energy & Dark Matter (what the … is it?) • Neutrinos – what are they and how do they interact? Kathy Turner, 24May2006 8

Department of Energy

Advisory Panels

High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) – reports to DOE and NSF

Expanded to 20 members, with members from Europe and Asia

AAAC – reports to DOE, NASA, NSF

Office of Science

Panels CMB Task Force P5 NuSAG HEP Resources ILC & LHC Dark Energy Task Force AARD Dark Matter SAG Reports to HEPAP & AAAC HEPAP HEPAP & NSAC HEPAP HEPAP HEPAP & AAAC HEPAP Topic(s) Roadmap future initiatives Dark Energy techniques US Accel R&D program Reports Due/Approved Oct 2005 B-factory + Tevatron Ops Nov 2005 Roadmap New mid-scale initiatives End 2006 Double Beta Decay Exp’ts Sept 2005 Reactor and off axis expt’s Feb 2006 Super neutrino beam Are there enough physicists to run the program?

ILC/LHC “synergy” Feb 2007 Jan 2006 Mar 2006 May 2006 July 2006 HEPAP & AAAC Direct Dark Matter experiments Feb 2007 Kathy Turner, 24May2006 9

National Academies Panel Elementary Particle Physics in the 21

st

Center (EPP2010)

Department of Energy Office of Science

• •

A new “decadal survey”

– Lay out the

grand questions that are driving our field

– Describe the

opportunities

– Identify the

tools that are ripe for discovery that are necessary to achieve the scientific goals

– Articulate the connections to

other sciences and to society

– Foster emerging

worldwide collaboration

– Recommend a 15 year

implementation plan priorities with realistic, ordered Not a typical high energy physics advisory panel. It includes

– Non-physicists • Strengthen connections with society • Sharpen the physics questions – Non-particle physicists • Engage other scientific communities – International participants • Place US HEP in the international setting Kathy Turner, 24May2006 10

NRC Panel Elementary Particle Physics in the 21

st

Center (EPP2010)

Department of Energy Office of Science

Committee Chair: Harold T. Shapiro, president emeritus and professor of economics and public affairs, Princeton Draft report release on 4/28/06 –

www.nationalacademies.org/bpa/epp2010.html

Recommendations in priority order: 1. Fully exploit the opportunities for U.S. involvement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN 2. Comprehensive program to become the world-leading center for R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC) and mount a compelling to build it in the U.S.

3. Expand the program in particle astrophysics and pursue an internationally coordinated, staged program in neutrino physics.

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 11

Now will show some of our astrophysics and cosmology related efforts & projects

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Department of Energy

Dark Energy – Planning & Future

Office of Science

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Investigating future space and/or ground telescopes in cooperation with NASA and NSF.

Dark Energy Projects are being considered by P5 panel.

Planning how to review and select which project(s) go forward – in view of DETF report

 Continue to plan a Joint Dark Energy Mission with NASA & we’re open to the possibility of International Collaboration • • High priority in DOE Strategic Plan DOE/NASA Science Definition Team

Dark Energy R&D: Doing R&D for SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) concept for JDEM Labs doing small amount of R&D for DES (Dark Energy Survey) and LSST (Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope) In FY07 Request, additional R&D of ~$5M available – ground and/or space concepts will be selected by open competition; DETF will guide us

– funding levels reflect tentative plan which may change based upon advice from DETF and other relevant considerations Taking Data:  Nearby Supernova Factory – continues operations; measurements of nearby supernovae  Supernova Cosmology Project • Operations continuing using ground telescopes & Hubble measurements to collect statistics and refine results  Sloan Digital Sky Survey Kathy Turner, 24May2006 12

Department of Energy

Office of High Energy Physics Program Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Data  - Galaxy surveys, dark matter, dark energy - June 2005 – 4th public data release Taking data since 1998 - Approved for additional data-taking thru summer 2008 Funding: Sloan Foundation, NSF, DOE, Japan, Germany Science News: Jan. 2005 – first baryon oscillation measurement

Office of Science

Mosaic Imaging Camera Telescope in New Mexico Kathy Turner, 24May2006 640 fiber spectrograph 13

Department of Energy

Cryogenic Dark Matter Search

Office of Science

Purpose: direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS) Location - Soudan Mine in Minnesota Data-taking: partial operations started in 2003, full operations with 5 towers starting soon & will continue in FY07 Results – April 2005 …set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the WIMP cross section by a factor of 10 compared to other experiments, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models. Also have Axion Dark Matter Search (ADMX) experiment at Lawrence Livermore Lab in California – another possible form of Dark Matter Blue line – new results Dotted Blue line – expected full results

Kathy Turner, 24May2006

CDMS detector

14

Department of Energy

Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray detector array (w/NSF & foreign partners)

Office of Science

Water Cherenkov surface detectors Fluorescence telescopes

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Search for Very High Energy cosmic rays

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3000 km 2 Argentina site in

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As of Fall 2003, it became the largest air-shower detector in the world Partial operations have started – construction expected to be completed by early 2007

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First science results out in Summer 2005 - a new cosmic ray spectrum at the highest energies; the results of anisotropy and point source searches; and new limits on the photon content of the primaries Current status (April 2006) - 18 (out of 24) fluorescence telescopes operating; rest under construction - 1128 (out of 1600) surface Cherenkov detectors deployed, ~ 1000 operating

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Department of Energy

VERITAS

(Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System)

Office of Science

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Scientific Purpose: Study of celestial sources of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the energy range of 100 GeV- 50 TeV & search for dark matter candidates

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Atmospheric Cherenkov 4 12m telescope array w/500 pixel cameras

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Energy range 100 GeV – 50 TeV

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Angular resolution ~ 4’ Crab rate ~ 50 photons/minute Funding: NSF, DOE + contributions from Smithsonian & foreign institutions Status: Plan is to build at Kitt Peak.

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In April 2005, work at Kitt Peak was stopped to redo the NEPA and NHPA process could be redone according to specifications

– NSF is leading the process with DOE cooperating.  

Had “government to government” meeting with Tohono O’odham Nation in January 2006 Plan is to install and commission the telescopes at the Whipple Basecamp while waiting for Kitt Peak access. A 2-year engineering run will start in 2007.

Two telescope array at Whipple Basecamp Artist’s conception – 4 telescope array Kathy Turner, 24May2006 16

Department of Energy

GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT)

Office of Science

GLAST will have a very broad science menu that includes:

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Systems with supermassive black holes (Active Galactic Nuclei) Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) Pulsars

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Solar physics Origin of Cosmic Rays

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Probing the era of galaxy formation, optical UV background light

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Solving the mystery of the high-energy unidentified sources

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Discovery! Particle Dark Matter? Other relics from the Big Bang? Extra dimensions? Testing Lorentz invariance. New source classes.

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LAT

is the primary instrument on NASA’s Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) mission -- Collaboration between NASA, DOE, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden & managed at SLAC.

Shipped from SLAC to NRL for environmental testing in mid-May GLAST launch scheduled for September, 2007 Successful DOE/NASA partnership!

GLAST draws the interest of both the the High Energy Particle Physics and High Energy Astrophysics communities.

GLAST is the highest-ranked initiative in its category in the National Academy of Sciences 2000 Decadal Survey Report.

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 17

Department of Energy

AMS - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer w/NASA + foreign partners

Office of Science

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Search for dark matter, missing matter & antimatter on the International Space Station

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Prototype (AMS-01) took data on STS-91 in 1998

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AMS-02 fabrication complete in 2005; integration and test to be completed in 2007

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Plan is for a Shuttle Launch and deployment on ISS - launch date is currently unknown.

Department of Energy

High Energy Physics Program

Office of Science

In years to come, we are looking forward to exciting new discoveries at the TeV scale, with neutrinos and in finding out what the stuff is that the majority of the universe is made of – dark matter, dark energy

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 19