Transcript Nutritive value of four tropical forage legume hays fed to pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo Kambashi B., Boudry C., Picron P.,

Nutritive value of four tropical forage legume
hays fed to pigs in the Democratic Republic of
Congo
Kambashi B., Boudry C., Picron P., Kiatoko H.,
Théwis A., Bindelle J.
University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
University of Kinshasa
Pig breeding in Kinshasa and Bas-Congo
Total area : 2 345 000 km ²
Forests: about 145 million
hectares
arable land : 80 million
hectares
Varied climates
Dense river network
2 / 3 population agriculture
(animal husbandry )
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Pig breeding in Kinshasa and Bas-Congo
Survey of 319 households
Pig breeding
• Around of towns
• Villages
Role in farming system
• Source of cash
• improving livelihood
• nutritional security of poor people
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Commercial pig feeds
Soya
75 %
feed meal
Barley
Maize
Pea
Wheat
Minerals
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Cereals
Price Volatility
280
Maïs fourrager
260
240
€/t
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
• Low and insufficient grain production
• Net importers of food
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Free-range pig keeping and its results
Rubbish
Range
3%
Bare ground
Pens
12%
18%
67%
(Buldgen et al., 1992)
Time spent on feed resources
Impact on sanitation
Taenia solium Cysticercosis in the Democratic
Republic of Congo: How Does Pork Trade
Affect the Transmission of the Parasite?
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Aim of my research project
• Develop sustainable feeding practices for stall fed pigs
raised by smallholders based on unconventionnal locally
produced feed ingredients
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Methodology
• 3 Steps
– What is / could be distributed? What seems interesting, what
does not seem interesting?
• Investigations
• Lab analyzes and in vitro test
– What is the nutritional value of feeds most promising ?
• Ingestibility tests
• Digestibility tests
– What are the performance achieved by the pigs ?
• Growth tests
– Related reseaches
• Impact on health (protein, lactate, etc.)
• Conservation practices and anti-nutritional factors (eg silage)
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Feedstuffs for pigs
Use frequency
• Concentrate feeds
–
–
–
–
–
–
Wheat bran
80 %
Palm kernel meal
73 %
Brewers grain
50 %
Corn
38 %
…
Commercial concentrate diets 4 %
• Green plants
–
–
–
–
–
–
(> 30 ingredients)
Manihot esculenta leaves
Ipomoea batatas leaves
Leafy vegetables
Eichornia crassipes
Psophocarpus scandens
…
90 % (> 40 plants)
32 %
29 %
25 %
23 %
22 %
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Results of screening
Ingredients
Acacia mangium
Amaranthus hybridus spp
Brachiaria ruziziensis
Cajanus cajan
Calopogonium muconoides
Centrosema pubescens
Eichornia crassipes
Ipomea batatas
Leucaena leucocephala
Manihot esculenta
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Panicum maximum wild cultivar
Panicum maximum var. T58
Pennisetum purpureum
Psophocarpus scandens
Pueraria javanica
Saccharum officinarum
Stylosanthes guianensis
Trypsacum laxum
Vigna unguiculata
Part
IVDMD
(-)
leaves
plant
plant
leaves
plant
plant
plant
leaves
leaves
leaves
leaves
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
plant
leaves
plant
plant
plant
0.31
0.56
0.34
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.31
0.45
0.37
0.43
0.43
0.46
0.29
0.25
0.30
0.49
0.38
0.42
0.25
0.27
0.48
DP
(g/kg)
32
188
86
34
144
173
59
144
103
176
179
187
101
77
68
247
156
30
101
60
221
A
(ml/g)
Rmax
(ml/g.h)
39
1
215
18
235
8
53
2
136
12
119
5
92
3
203
17
85
4
169
15
168
13
155
9
170
5
196
6
207
7
155
8
122
8
88
3
173
11
183
5
183
12
(Kambashi et al., 2010)
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Voluntary feed intake (vfi)
140
P < 0.05
130
Volontary intake g/kg BW 0,75
120
110
100
Psophocarpus
Pueraria
Stylosanthes
Vigna
90
80
70
60
0
10
20
Incorporation rate (%)
30
40
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Digestibility test
Coefficients of Total tract apparent digestibility (DM, CP, NDF and Gross energy)
Vigna
Control
Psophocarpus
Pueraria
Stylosanthes
125
250
125
250
125
250
125
g/kg DM g/kg DM g/kg DM g/kg DM g/kg DM g/kg DM g/kg DM
DM 0.760a 0.720 b 0.646 fg 0.713 bc 0.659 ef 0.692 cd 0.620 g
CP 0.802 a 0.771 b 0.718 c 0.756 b 0.704 cd
0.683 de
250
g/kg
DM
0.627g
0.746 b 0.686 d
0.751 b 0.694 cd
NDF 0.526 a 0.522 a 0.435cde 0.491 ab 0.401 def 0.444 bcd 0.352 f
0.479 abc 0.390 ef
GE 0.753 a 0.708 b 0.645 d 0.699 bc 0.638 de
0.687 c 0.610 f
0.690 bc 0.621 ef
All 4 forage species decreased the total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD)
but forage species differed in the way they influenced DM (P<0.040) and NDF
(P<0.020) digestibilities.
No differences in CP and gross energy digestibilities of forage-based diets were
observed between species. TTAD of DM and NDF were, on average, higher for
Psophocarpus scandens and Vigna unguiculata.
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Conclusion
• In case of scarcity or lack of protein source,
P. scandens and V. unguiculata are an option.
• Preferably in adult pigs.
• Due to their negative effect on the overall digestibility of the
diets, the rate of TFL in the diet should not exceed 25 %.
• Further work required :
– forage on quality of meat and animal performance
– the impact of storage and antinutrients on the nutritional value
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Thank you for your time!
I like eating
forages
Jérôme Bindelle & Bienvenu Kambashi
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