Transcript WORKSHOP: Learning Lessons and Development of Sustainable WUAs and WUA Federations in the Central Asia and Caucasus Bishkek, 1-5 October 2007 Experience in WUA Formation.

WORKSHOP: Learning Lessons and
Development of Sustainable WUAs
and WUA Federations in the Central
Asia and Caucasus
Bishkek, 1-5 October 2007
Experience in WUA Formation and
Development in the Republic of
Tajikistan
Land Resources and Its Use
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Total Area: 143.1 thousand square km;
Total Available Land: 4 million ha including :
Pasture – 78%
Arable Land – 17,8%
Perennial Plantings – 2,4%
Deposits and Hayfields – 0,9%
Irrigable Lands – 1,57 million ha
Irrigated Area - 741 thousand ha
Irrigated Lands
• In the Republic of Tajikistan there are 741,200
ha of irrigated area, including 260,870 ha to
grow such strategic crop as cotton, 90,178 ha for
homestead lands of population, 36,016 ha to
organize part-time farms and 350,630 ha of
other lands to grow agricultural crops.
Water Resources
№
No Наименование
Name
п/п
11
Rivers
Реки
22
Объём
Storage,
Кол-во
Q-ty ресурса
cubic km
куб.км
Area,
Протяженност
Площадь
Length,
square
ь тыс.км
кв.км
000’ km
km
947
947
67
67
28,5
28,5
Glaciers
Ледники
14509
14509
845
845
11146
11146
33
Lakes
Озёра
1300
1300
44
44
705
705
44
Водохранилищ
Reservoirs
а
99
15,3
15,3
(п.о.-7,63)
(п.о.-7,63)
664
664
55
Подземные
Groundwater
воды
18,7
18,7
(э.р.-2,8)
(э.р.-2,8)
Large rivers: Amu-Darya, Piandj, Zaravshan, Vakhsh, Kafernigan,
Bartang, etc. Large glaciers:Fedchenko, 651,7 square km
Structure of Water Use
in the breakdown of Economic Sectors
Industry – 4,5%
Irrigation– 84%
Economic and
Agricultural Water
Supply – 8,5%
Fishery – 3%
хозпитьевое и
сельхозводоснабжение
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
промышленность
орошение
рыбное хозяйство
%
Concept of Water Resources Rational Use and Protection
in the Republic of Tajikistan
• Ensure gradual transition to system method of management
within hydrographical borders, not administrative units;
• Speed up all-round establishment of Water Users Associations;
• Introduce water demand management;
• Ensure differentiation of water fees and delivery, depending on
certain conditions;
• Develop different forms of private, collective and joint-stock
water consumption based on market water technologies;
• Introduction of water-saving technologies, especially, in liftirrigated areas;
Agricultural Reforms
 Agricultural reforms started in 1996 after the President of the
Republic of Tajikistan passed a Resolution to distribute 50,000 ha of
irrigated lands to dekhkans (farmers) to cultivate agricultural crops,
later on, for such purposes other 25,000 ha of irrigated lands were
allocated in addition.
 In 2000 the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan developed
Agricultural Production Reorganization Program providing for
formation of dekhkan farms, instead of former state and collective
farms.
Legal Aspects of WUA Establishment in the Republic of Tajikistan
• At present the legal basis of WUA established is provided by the Law of the
Republic of Tajikistan “About Water Users Associations”, Water Code of the
Republic of Tajikistan, Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, Resolution
of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 281 dd. 25 June 1996
“About Approval of Regulations on Order of Fees Collection for Water
Supply Services from government-owned irrigation systems” and other
standard and legal acts
• New Water Code passed by the Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan –
the Majilisi Namoyandagon – and approved by the Upper Chamber of the
Majilisi Namoyandagon of the Republic of Tajikistan on 20 November 2000
has extended legal frameworks of WUA establishment regulating relations
between government-owned water organizations-water suppliers and WUAs
and created an opportunity to transfer rights to manage water schemes to
special organizations (WUAs).
• Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan regulates order of
establishment of non-governmental public organizations.
WUAs are established within its provisions.
• Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
No. 281 dd. 25 June 1996 “About Approval of Regulations on
Order of Fees Collection for Water Supply Services from
government-owned irrigation systems” regulates economic
relations between water organizations and water users.
• At the beginning of November 2006 the Parliament of the
Republic of Tajikistan passed the Law of the Republic of
Tajikistan “About Water Users Associations” to regulate legal
frameworks of organization, activity and management of
WUAs like non-commercial organization to operate and
maintain irrigation systems in public interests.
Order of WUA Organization and Legalization
• First experience of WUA organization showed that in current public and
economic conditions WUAs shall be organized step-by-step. Best results will be
achieved when farmers themselves initiate WUA establishment. First of all,
farmers-water users need to form an Initiative Group consisting of Water
Management Specialist, Economic and other educated and experienced specialists
at one of the meetings.
• Upon studying experience of establishment of other WUAs, literature and other
sources, consulting with specialists, the Initiative Group will develop draft
documents necessary to establish WUAs. After preparation work the Initiative
Group will convene a General Meeting of water users.
• At the first General Meeting of water users the following shall be done:
1. Review and Adoption of the Minutes containing decision to organize a WUA
and indicating dekhkan farms-founders, and Approval of the WUA name;
2. Review and Adoption of the WUA Charter and Structure;
3. Election of WUA Board members, Chairman and members of the Audit
Commission.
• At the 2nd Stage the WUA Board prepares and submits all
required documents provided by current rules of
registration to legalize WUA with the authorized State
agency. For legal registration these documents are submitted
to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan if
the latter locates in the republican subordinate rayons (RSR)
and to the Oblast Departments of the Ministry of Justice
of the Republic of Tajikistan.
• After permission of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic
of Tajikistan is received WUA is registered with the Rayon
Notary’s Office, State Statistics Agency, Rayon Tax
Inspectorate, Pension Fund and gets permission from
agencies of interior affairs to produce its seal and opens a
bank account.
• After all, WUAs become fully legalized organizations and
start carrying out its activities.
Development of WUA Charter and Basic Documents
to operate in the Republic of Tajikistan
• In 1999 specialists of the Republican Centre of Farms
Privatization Support (RCFPS), jointly with specialists of the
Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources, developed model
WUA Charter reviewed and approved by the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
• In order to speed up WUA establishment process the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has charged the
Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources with disseminating
Model WUA Charter in the rayons of the country. Based on the
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan the
Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources of the Republic of
Tajikistan and Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of
Tajikistan issued joint Decree (No. 86/34 dd. 20 April 2000)
«About Approval Model WUA Charter».
• The following procedures have been revised and developed while
preparing the basic documents for WUAs to function by specialists and
consultants of the Republican Centre of Farms Privatization Support
under the World bank-funded Farms Privatization Project, considering the
current legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan:
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Organization of preparation work prior to WUA establishment;
Holding Constituent Assemblies;
Legalization of established WUAs;
Development of WUA budget;
Entering water delivery contracts with the farmers;
Disputes resolution;
Monitoring of WUA activities.
Summary results of 2001-2002 are developed recommendations on establishment
and functioning of WUAs in current economic and legal conditions in the
Republic of Tajikistan
Main WUA Tasks:
• Reliable operation of irrigation and drainage systems,
pumping stations and other irrigation infrastructure;
• Planning and carrying out repair and reconstruction
works;
• Providing for equitable distribution of water among
water users;
• Entering contracts to abstract water from rayon
irrigation systems and deliver to the farmers;
• Collection of financial funds from water users to
ensure sustainable operation of overall irrigation
system.
Information on WUAs established under various programs
and projects funded by foreign investments
Year of
Registration
Nos. of
WUAs
Irrigated
Area, ha
Kolkhzabadsky, Khuroson,
Yavansky, Zafarabadsky,
Matchinsky, Rudaki.
Shakhrinavsky, Gissarsky
2000-2006
50
106623
No
Name of the Program or Project
Donor
WUA Location (rayon)
1.
Rural Infrastructure Reconstruction Project
World Bank
and
Farms Privatization Project
2.
Agriculture Restoration
in the Republic of Tajikistan
Asian Development Bank
Rasulovsky, Gafurovsky,
Bokhtarsky, Vakhshsky,
Voseysky,
2004-2007
20
49015
3.
Irrigation Rehabilitation Project
in the Republic of Tajikistan
Asian Development Bank
Ashtsky, Rushansky,
Vakhdatsky, Farkhorsky,
Pjandjsky, Hamadoni
2007
25
31108
4.
WUA Support Program
USAID
Shaartuzky, Kabodiansky,
Rudaki
2005
24
12208
5.
German Agro Action
European Commission
Pendjikentsky, Aininsky,
Gornaya Matcha, Badjuvansky
2005-2006
20
986
6.
Akted
European Commission
Kanibadamsky, Vakhshsky,
Chomi
2005
4
5192
7.
Integrated Water Resources Management
in the Ferghana Valley
Swiss International
Co-Operation Agency
2003
1
1050
123
175074
Total
Rasulovsky
Performance Indicators of Water Users Associations under Farms Privatization Project
as of 31 December 2003
Irrigation Service Fee
 The Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources has
established actual cost of water delivery to the gates of
farmers’ (dekhkans) farms and other water users,
considering sustainable operation of irrigation systems
in the country ranging from 2 to 6 Diram/m3
 However, according to the Resolution of the Ministry
of Economic Development and Trade of the Republic
of Tajikistan No. 10 dd. 14 June 2007, the Irrigation
Service Fee has been established as follows:
 0,78 Diram/m3 in gravity-irrigated areas
 1,25 Diram/m3 in lift-irrigated areas (6 rayons of the
Sogd Oblast)
WUA Support Unit within the MMWR RT
MMWR
Minister
Central WUA SU
WUA SU Sector
in the Sugd
Oblast
WUA SU Sector in
the Hatlon Oblast
WUA SU
Sector in the
GBAO
PIU
WUA SU Mobilizer,
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Rushansky RAYOn
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Vakhdatsky Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer. ASHT1
Pjandj Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer,
WUA Su Mobilizer,
Farkhor Rayon
Dj. Rasulovsky Rayon
WUA Su Mobilizer, B.
Gafurovsky Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Vakhsh Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Kanibadamsky Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Voseysky Rayon
WUA SU Mobilizer,
Rudaki Rayon
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WUA SU Tasks
 Carry out its activities under the direction of the Minister
 Prepare WUA SU General Strategy
 Develop WUA SU long-term and annual plans
 Develop and assist with implementation of WUA Support
Program of the MMWR, considering all investment
projects and NGO
 Principles and Guidelines on WUA Establishment and
Development
 Co-ordinate activities to implement the WUA Law to
establish and develop WUAs
WUA SU Staff
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Central Support Unit, total 5 staff members
Head
Chief Specialist
Specialist
Driver
Secretary
• Oblast Support Unit, total 2 staff members
Head
Leading Specialist
• Rayon Support Unit, total 1 staff member
• Leading Specialist (Mobilizer)
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WUA SU Funding
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Salary of Central, Oblast and Rayon WUA SU staff members is paid out of
collected ISF
Machinery and equipment are also procured out of funds of collected ISF
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Experience in
WUA Federations Establishment
• In accordance with the WUA Law, WUAs, in order to co-ordinate fulfillment
of its Charter obligations, have the right to establish WUA Federations to act
in accordance with the approved Charter.
• In 2006 Zafarob WUA Federation was established in the Zafarabad Rayon of
the Sogd Oblast and consists of 16 WUAs, total irrigated area 27,283 ha, of
which 7 WUAs were established as pilot under WB-funded Farms
Privatization Project and Rural Infrastructure Reconstruction Project.
• Main tasks of WUA Federation is to co-ordinate WUA-managed irrigation
services and timely ensure water delivery to dekhkans farms, part-time farms
from main canals, and organize strict control between WUAs for equitable
water distribution within large main canals and separate djamoats.
• In the rayon there are more than 2,000 dekhkans farms. WUA Federation has
20 staff members including 2 Senor Mirabs responsible for 2 large main
canals, namely, TM-1 and TM-2. One should note that WUA Federation
needs technical support.
Building of Zafarob WUA Federation,
Zafarabad Rayon
N. Akhmedov, Mirab, Zafarob WUA Federation,
TM-1 Main Canal, Zafarabad Rayon
Proposals on WUA Development in the
Republic of Tajikistan
Experience in WUA establishment in the Republic of Tajikistan shows that the following
is needed to ensure its sustainable operation:
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4.
On the basis of the Water Code, develop normative documents to transfer and sell
water users’ rights so that create water market.
During first years of newly established WUAs, ensure government support to be
provided in the form of tax remissions and technical support.
Improve water price formation system. Water prices should be differentiated,
depending on delivery costs, water quality, water supply and benefits from water use.
Ensure rapid reformation of collective farms, and establish on their basis dekhkans
farms with an area ensuring application of modern efficient technologies; establish
on-the-site rental agencies for dekhkans farms and WUAs to rent agricultural and
reclamation machinery and provide them with accessible low-percentage bank
credits.
• 5. Develop research work aimed at development of optimum models of dekhkans
farms and WUAs ensuring efficient use of water and land resources. At that, one need
to consider nature and climate conditions in the regions, mentality of rural population,
peculiarities of production of various agricultural products on irrigated lands,
application of intensive technologies to cultivate agricultural crops and its maximum
processing on-the-site, factor of land users’ family and relationship.
• 6. Develop and introduce system of training of the farmers, WUA specialists, water
and agricultural sector on methods of WUA sustainable functioning, ration water
management, organization of repair works, water recording, entering contracts to have
various services to be rendered (such as water delivery, credit, research activities and
consulting, etc).
• 7. Develop and arrange production of and make cheap water recording devices and
efficient models of irrigation systems affordable by dekhkans, considering irrigated
areas, cultivated crops and requirements of scientific and technological progress in
agriculture.