Slide 1 Chapter 9 Vowels Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/ Slide 2 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations Cardinal vowels = not real language - the.
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Transcript Slide 1 Chapter 9 Vowels Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/ Slide 2 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations Cardinal vowels = not real language - the.
Slide 1
Chapter 9
Vowels
Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/
Slide 2
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Cardinal vowels = not real language - the extreme positions of the
vowel space - use IPA vowel symbols to represent
A language uses these symbols for the closest vowel like articulation
in that language (English [i] is not cardinal [i] but cardinal [i] is
closest)
Cardinal vowel (1) = [i] – any further front/high would be
(voiced palatal fricative)
Cardinal vowel (5) =
- any further lower/back would be
(voiced pharyngeal fric)
Vowel quality in different languages and varieties of the same
language differ - not always phonetically accurate
Slide 3
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Cardinal vowels pretend equal distance between each vowel, but the
front vowels have much further space from high to low than the back
vowels (See Figure 9.3, p. 215)
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#
Slide 4
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Tongue height not really valid – there is an auditory quality that is
more appropriately captured by “vowel height” and can be measured
acoustically (F1, F2, etc).
Slide 5
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary cardinal vowels are identical to primary, but have
opposite lip rounding (plus a couple extra) See Figure 9.5, p. 217
Slide 6
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220)
IPA
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
iy
[i]
ey
[eI
]
i
[I]
e
[E]
uw
[u]
u
[U]
ow
[oU]
o
[A]
oh
[]
oy
[oI]
aw
[aU
]
ay
[aI
]
ah
[A]
Slide 7
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
Slide 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220)
IPA
iy
[i]
ey
[eI
]
i
[I]
e
[E]
uw
[u]
u
[U]
ow
[oU]
o
[A]
oh
[]
oy
[oI]
aw
[aU
]
ay
[aI
]
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
ah
[A]
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 9
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems - Portland
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 10
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems – Philly Bonnie
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by
voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 11
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems - Portland
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 12
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
Chapter 9
Slide 13
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowel Chart Modified
HIGH
MID
LOW
Q
a
Chapter 9
Slide 14
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Summary of vowel quality (see Table 9.2, p. 226)
Height
Backness
Rhotaciziation
Rounding
ATR
Naasalization
Slide 15
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Advanced tongue root = ATR - pharyngeal constriction
Not the same as tense/lax but kinda sorta
[ e2 ] = retracted tongue root (-ATR)
[ e1 ] = advanced tongue root (+ATR)
Slide 16
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Rhotacized vowels - different ways to produce r-coloring (shown in
acoustic signal by lowering of F3)
Nasalization - Vowels are nasalized = air is allowed to escape the
nasal passage AS WELL AS the oral passage
Approximants can also be nasalized
Vowel quality - Height, backness, rounding, rhotacization, ATR,
nasalization
Slide 17
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5)
Palatalization - as in Russian = added [j] after consonant
Palatalized = above; a sound made closer to palatal region (English [k]
in word ‘key’ is palatalized); historical process that turns sounds into
alveopalatal consonants
Velarization - secondary raising of back of tongue (dark [l] in
English)
Chapter 9
Slide 18
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5)
Pharyngealization - narrowing of pharynx (Hebrew, Arabic)
Labialization - additional lip rounding ([w] after/at the same time as
consonant)
Labialization + palatalization
Slide 19
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Chapter 9
Slide 20
Practice – try to transcribe the following words
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chapter 9
Slide 21
Practice – try to transcribe the following words
7
[sytOt]
8
[syton]
9
[bgEd]
10
[bQdid]
11
[petuz]
12
[Enk’Qx
]
Slide 22
•Vowel Practice?
Chapter 9