STEM workforce needs of the U.S. Department of Defense: Background data Rolf Lehming NAE/NRC August 1, 2011 National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering.
Download ReportTranscript STEM workforce needs of the U.S. Department of Defense: Background data Rolf Lehming NAE/NRC August 1, 2011 National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering.
STEM workforce needs of the U.S. Department of Defense: Background data Rolf Lehming NAE/NRC August 1, 2011 National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics www.nsf.gov/statistics/ STEM employment by the federal government: 1999-2009 250,000 Total DoD NASA 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1999 2001 2003 STEM=science, technology, engineering, mathematics SOURCE: NSF tabulations of data from OPM and DMDC. 2005 2007 2009 Ratios of DoD STEM employment to total, military, and civilian employment: 1999-2009 16% 14% 12% STEM/total 10% STEM/military 8% STEM/civilian 6% 4% 2% 0% 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 STEM = science, technology, engineering, mathematics SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulations of data from Office of Personnel Management and Defense Manpower Data Center. STEM employment in DoD: 1999-2009 120,000 STEM 100,000 NS&E 80,000 Engineering 60,000 40,000 Electrical Engineering 20,000 Computer science 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 STEM=science, technology, engineering, mathematics; NS&E= natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF tabulations of data from OPM and DMDC. 2009 DoD STEM employment by major job title: 1999-2009 Computer and mathematical scientists 25,000 Electrical, electronics, and computer engineers 20,000 Physical scientists Social scientists 15,000 Life scientists 10,000 Mechanical engineers 5,000 Civil engineers Aerospace engineers 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Other engineers STEM = science, technology, engineering, mathematics SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulations of data from Office of Personnel Management and Defense Manpower Data Center. DoD STEM employment as percentage of federal STEM employment, by major job category: 2009 Mechanical engineers Electrical, electronics, and computer engineers Industrial engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Other engineers Aerospace engineers All engineers Computer and mathematical scientists Physical scientists Social scientists Life scientists All scientists 0% STEM = science, technology, engineering, mathematics SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulations of data from OPM. 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Federal and DOD minority STEM employment: 2000-2009 12% Asian 10% 8% Black 6% Hispanic 4% American Indian/Alaskan Native 2% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 NOTE: Solid line is DOD STEM = science, technology, engineering, mathematics SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulation of OPM and DMDC data. 2006 2007 2008 2009 Major work activities of DoD STEM workforce: 2009 Research: 7% Development: 22% All other jobs: 55% Design: 8% Testing and evaluation: 8% SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulation of data from Office of Personnel Management. DOD STEM employees by retirement eligibility: March 2011 Physical sciences Engineering IT 50/20 55/20 Biological sciences + Math/Statistics Social sciences/psychology 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 50/20 and 55/20 = 50 (55) or more years old with 20 or more years of service SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, tabulation from Office of Personnel Management data. 30% 35% Number of NS&E bachelor’s degrees awarded, by broad field: 1991-2009 250,000 200,000 Life sciences 150,000 Physical sciences 100,000 Math/computer science 50,000 Engineering 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1,999 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 NS&E bachelor's degrees per 1,000 20-24-year olds: 19912009 20 NS&E 18 Life sciences Physical sciences+ Engineering 16 14 Ratio 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NS&E=natural sciences & engineering; physical sciences+ includes mathematics and computer science SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES Webcaspar and Census Bureau, Population Estimates. 2005 2007 2009 NS&E bachelor's degrees per 1,000 20-24-year olds, selected fields: 1991-2009 5.0 Engineering Physical sciences+ Computer science Mathematics 4.0 Ratio 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NS&E=natural sciences & engineering; physical sciences+ includes mathematics and computer science SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES Webcaspar and Census Bureau, Population Estimates. 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of NS&E bachelor's degrees awarded to underrepresented minorities: 2000-2009 25% 20% 15% 10% NSE Computer science Engineering 5% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering; underrepresented minorities = Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska native SOURCE: NSF?NCSES, WebCaspar data system. Percent of NS&E bachelor's degrees to women: 2000-2009 50% 40% 30% 20% NS&E Computer science NS&E net computer science 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Percentage of NS&E bachelor's degrees awarded to Asians: 2000 - 2009 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% NSE Computer science Engineering 4% 2% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering; Asian = Asian/Pacific Islander/Alaskan Native SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2008 2009 Percentage of NS&E bachelor's degrees awarded to temporary visa holders: 2000-2009 10% 8% 6% 4% NSE Computer science Engineering 2% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 NSE = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Population shares and NS&E degree shares by race/ethnicity: 2009 80% 70% 20-24-year olds 60% NS&E 50% Engineering 40% Computer sciences 30% 20% 10% 0% White Hispanic Black Asian White = non-Hispanic White; Native = American Indian/Alaska Native SOURCE: Census Bureau Population Estimates; NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. Native NS&E master's degrees by citizenship status: 1995-2009 140000 120000 100000 Temporary visa holders 80000 U.S. citizens/permanent visa holders 60000 40000 20000 0 1995 1997 1999 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of NS&E master's degrees earned by Whites: 1995-2009 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% NS&E Life sciences Math/computer sci Engineering Physical sciences 20% 10% 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents only SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of NS&E master's degrees earned by temporary visa holders: 1995-2009 50% NS&E 45% 40% Life sciences 35% 30% Physical sciences 25% 20% Math/computer science 15% 10% Engineering 5% 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2003 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of NS&E master's degrees earned by Blacks: 1995-2009 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% NS&E Life sciences Math/computer sci Engineering Physical sciences 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents only SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of NS&E master's degrees earned by Hispanics: 1995-2009 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% NS&E Life sciences Physical sciences Math/computer sci Engineering 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents only SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, Webcaspar data system. 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of U.S. NS&E master's degrees earned by temporary visa holders: 1995-2009 80% 70% 60% 50% Engineering Math/computer sciences 40% 30% Physical sciences 20% NS&E 10% Life sciences 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 NS&E= natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2003 2005 2007 2009 Percentage of U.S. master's degrees in computer science and electrical engineering to temporary visa holders: 1995-2009 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Computer science Electrical engineering 20% 10% 0% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2005 2007 2009 Engineering master's degrees by race/ethnicity and visa status: 2009 Hispanic 4% Black 3% White 36% Asian 11% Temporary visa 46% SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system Mathematics and computer science master's degrees by race/ethnicity and citizenship status: 2009 Black 5% White 34% Hispanic 3% Asian 9% Temporary visa 49% SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NCSES, WebCaspar data system. Percentage of NS&E doctorates to temporary visa holders: 2000-2009 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Life sciences Physical sciences Math/computer sciences Engineering 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Other 6% U.S. NS&E doctorates by race/ethnicity and citizenship status: 2009 Black Hispanic 3% 3% Asian 6% Temporary visa 35% White 47% NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. Engineering doctorates by citizenship and race/ethnicity: 2009 Hispanic Black 1% 2% Other 3% Asian 7% Temporary 51% White 36% Percentage of electrical engineering/computer science doctorates to temporary visa holders: 2000-2009 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Electrical engineering Computer science 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 NS&E=natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, WebCaspar data system. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Percentage of NS&E doctorates to U.S. underrepresented minorities: 2000-2009 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% NS&E Physical sciences Engineering 1% Life sciences Math/computer sciences 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering NOTE: US citizens/permanent visa holders only SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, Webcaspar data system. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Temporary visa NS&E doctorate recipients planning to leave the U.S.: 1998-2009 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% NS&E Life sciences Physical sciences Math/computer science 5% Engineering 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, Survey of Earned Doctorates. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Temporary visa NS&E doctorate recipients with commitment to stay in the U.S.: 1998-2009 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% NS&E Life sciences Physical sciences Math/computer science Engineering 20% 10% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 NS&E = natural sciences and engineering SOURCE: NSF/NCSES, Survey of Earned Doctorates. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 DOD STEM employment • DOD: major employer of STEM workers, especially IT both hard- and software • DOD civilian workforce is getting more NS&E intensive • Between 15% and 30% of physical scientists and IT specialists are retirement eligible NS&E bachelor’s degrees • Modest increases in engineering and physical sciences degrees over 15 years, big increases in life sciences, computer science degrees slipping broadly after “Y2K” peak • Physical sciences and engineering bachelor’s degrees closely mirror college-age cohort size • Blacks and Hispanics earn NS&E bachelor’s degree percentages well below their population share. Asians exceed it, as do Whites to a lesser extent NS&E master’s degrees • A quarter of U.S. NS&E master’s degrees are earned by temporary visa holders • Nearly half in engineering, half in math/computer science, 60% in electrical/electronic engineering • U.S. majority whites earn sharply lower shares of NS&E master’s degrees, 10 percentage points or more below 1995 levels • Exception is physical sciences—stable share NS&E doctorates • More than one-third of U.S. NS&E doctorates are earned by temporary visa holders • 57% of those in engineering and well above half in electrical engineering and computer science • Recently the percentage of NS&E doctorates earned by temporary visa holders has declined • More than half of temporary visa holders earning a U.S. doctorate choose to stay in the U.S., and many of them eventually remain here Questions? Rolf Lehming [email protected] 703-292-7810 Nirmala Kannankutty [email protected] 703-292-7797 Jaquelina Falkenheim [email protected] 703-292-7798 We are now the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics A new name. A broader mission. www.nsf.gov/statistics