Transcript CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Waste Practical Aspects and Exercises 6.1

CGE
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Hands-on Training Workshop
UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE
Sector: Waste
Practical Aspects and Exercises
6.1
CONTENT


Details on use of the UNFCCC-NAI Software to calculate
and report GHG emissions in the Waste sector.
Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after
the presentation).
6.2
BACKGROUND



The decision trees in the IPCC good practice
guidance (GPG2000) are used to choose a good
practice method that suits national circumstances.
The UNFCCC-NAI Software contains, basically, the
methods of lesser complexity that countries can
use to prepare their inventories.
However, in principle, the software can be used to
report the estimated emissions independently of
the complexity of method used (Tier 2, 3, etc).
6.3
SECTOR: WASTE
Sector 6: Waste
Source Categories and Subcategories
Worksheets
6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1sC (4)
6B1. CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and 6-2s1 to 6-2s4 (4)
Sludge
6B2. CH4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling 6-3s1 to 6-3s4 (4)
6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage
6-4s1 (1) (*)
6C. Waste Incineration
6-5s1 (1) (**)
(#) Quantity of sheets
Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software
*
To avoid double counting, a column was included in the UNFCCC–NAI Software for considering
(decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge).
**
The UNFCCC–NAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from
waste incineration. Such as worksheet was not included in the IPCC software and the IPCC Guidelines.
6.4
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
SECTOR: WASTE (1)
MAIN
UNFCCC CATEGORIES
NAI
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6A. CH4
6-1s1 and 6-1A
Emissions from to 6-1C
Solid Waste
Disposal
Remarks
- The IPCC Guidelines do not classify methodological tiers for the Waste
sector. Methodological tiers 1 and 2 are defined in the GPG2000. The two
methods can yield quite different estimates.
Tier 1. Default Method
- Based on the assumption that all potential CH4 is released in the year the
waste is disposed. If the amount or composition of waste change rapidly over
time this method will not provide an accurate trend.
- If the activity data are available then there is not difficulty in using the Tier 1
Method and the software to estimate CH4 emissions, but it is recommended to
use this method only as a last alternative until the IPCC 2006 Guidelines are
available.
- Most of the factors required to apply this method can usually be obtained or
estimated. Default values can also be applied.
- It is required to know the population whose waste goes to SWDs (total or
urban), the MSW generation rate (country specific or default), and the fraction
of MSW disposed of in SWDs (country-specific or default). The parameter Lo
(methane generation potential) is more difficult because it requires that the
degradable organic component (DOC) be known, which is based on the
composition of the waste.
6.5
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
SECTOR: WASTE (2)
MAIN
UNFCCC CATEGORIES
NAI
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6A. CH4
6-1s1 and 6-1A
Emissions from to 6-1C
Solid Waste
Disposal
Remarks
Tier 1. Default Method.
When applying this method keep in mind that:
1 - If a significant quantity of organic industrial solid waste is disposed of to
SWDs, care should be taken to determine the per capita solid waste generation
rate and DOC.
2 - DOCf: The default value provided in the IPCC Guidelines is appropriate if
lignin C is excluded. If lignin C is included a value in the range 0.5–0.6 should
be used.
3 - Oxidation factor is assumed as zero except for well managed sites where 0.1
is reasonable.
4 - CO2 emissions are reported if combustion is used as a management practice
at solid waste disposal sites (CO2 emissions from non-biogenic sources are
included in the totals). It is necessary to know the composition of the material
that is combusted.
5 - Sludge from wastewater handling if often disposed of to SWDs. Emissions
from this sludge should be included under this category.
6 - Add notes in the documentation box of the worksheet clarifying if all SWDs
were included and if any industrial sites were included.
6.6
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
SECTOR: WASTE (3)
MAIN
UNFCCC -NAI
CATEGORIES
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6A. CH4
Emissions from
Solid Waste
Disposal
Tier 2
Methods
First Order
Decay
(FOD)
Method
Remarks
Tier 2.
- It is good practice to use the FOD method, if possible, because it more
accurately reflects the emission trend.
- Produces a time-dependent emission profile that better reflects the true
pattern of the degradation process.
- Requires data on current as well as historic waste quantities, composition
and disposal practices. It is good practice to estimate this historical data if
such data are unavailable.
- The IPCC Guidelines do not provide default values or methods for the
estimation of some key parameters. However, the main difficulties of this
method are also related with Lo besides the historical behavior of some
variables. Other parameters can be obtained from recommended interval.
- With the UNFCCC–NAI software is impossible to calculate the methane
emissions, in this source category, using the FOD method (Tier 2).
Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the default method,
then: 1) make the calculations outside of the software, 2) incorporate the
results manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of the
Inventory, 3) add a note to the documentation boxes of Tables 6-1s1 and
6-1sA to 6-1B clarifying the method used and results obtained. Provide
detailed information in the NIR.
6.7
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling
SECTOR: WASTE (4)
MAIN
UNFCCC –
CATEGORIES
NAI
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6B1. CH4 Emissions 6-2s1 to 6-2s4
from Domestic and
The IPCC
Commercial
Guidelines
Wastewater and
describe a
Sludge
single method
for calculating
CH4 emissions.
Remarks
- If Activity Data are available then there is no difficulty in using the
software to estimate emissions.
- Emissions are a function of the amount of waste generated and an EF.
Any CH4 that is recovered and flared or used for energy should be
subtracted from total emissions.
- Good practice is to use country-specific data expressed in terms of kg
CH4/kg BOD removed. If country-specific data are not available, a default
value can be used. It is good practice to use a default value of 0.6 kg
CH4/kg BOD.
6.8
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling
SECTOR: WASTE (4)
MAIN
UNFCCC –
CATEGORIES
NAI
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6B1. CH4 Emissions 6-2s1 to 6-2s4
from Domestic and
The IPCC
Commercial
Guidelines
Wastewater and
describe a
Sludge
single method
for calculating
CH4 emissions.
Remarks
Notes:
1 - The IPCC Guidelines provide only one default value of Bo that has to
be applied to both COD and BOD. This is not consistent with the observed
differences between BOD and COD in raw sewage.
2 - If default factors are being used, emissions from wastewater and sludge
can be estimated together.
3 - CH4 emissions from sludge sent to landfills or used in agriculture are
not included in this sector.
4 - Sludge incinerated as part of energy recovery should be included in the
energy sector.
6.9
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling (I)
Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheets 6-2s1 to 6-2s4
Data
 The National Statistics Office has provided the information
included in the following table.
Population
(1000 persons)
Degradable
organic
component
Fraction of
DOC removed
as sludge
Methane
recovered
18 250.5
15 330 kg
BOD/1000
persons/yr
0
5 000 tonne
6.10
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling (II)
Other Data:

Use the following values for the calculation:
Collected
(sewered to plant)
Uncollected
(treated on site)
Wastewater
handling system
Fraction of
wastewater
treated by the
handling system
Methane
conversion factor
for the handling
system
Lagoons
(anaerobic deep)
0.02
0.8
Not specified
0.05
0.75
Latrines and septic
systems
0.3
0.15
With regular sediment removal
6.11
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling (III)
Tasks
Using the UNFCCC-NAI Software:
1. Calculate net CH4 emissions.
2. Verify the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary
Tables.
3. Fill Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality
and completeness.
4. Print the worksheet used, the Sectoral Summary Table and the
Overview Table (8A).
6.12
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling (IV)
Steps
1. Open the software and select in the Waste sector
Worksheet 6-2s1 Estimation of Organic Wastewater and
Sludge.
2. Specify in column A that the estimation is for “all country”.
3. Enter population data in Column B, and DOC in column C.
4. Specify the Fraction of DOC removed as sludge. The
software calculates the Total Domestic/Commercial
Organic Wastewater.
6.13
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling (V)
Steps
5. Go to Worksheet 6-2s2 and specify in column A the
Wastewater Handling Systems used in the country.
6. Enter in column B the Fraction of Wastewater Treated by
the Handling Systems and in C the Methane Conversion
Factor. Enter in E the Maximum Methane Producing
Capacity (0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD). The software calculates
the EF.
7. Go to Worksheet 6-2s4 and enter in D the Methane
Recovered. The software calculates Net CH4 emissions.
6.14
ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC WASTEWATER
6.15
ESTIMATION OF EMISSION FACTOR
6.16
CH4 EMISSIONS FROM
DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL
WASTEWATER HANDLING
6.17
CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTICA AND COMMERCIAL
WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SECTORAL
REPORT TABLE
6.18
CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL
WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SUMMARY
REPORT TABLE
6.19
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Industrial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling
SECTOR: WASTE (5)
MAIN
UNFCCC - NAI
CATEGORIES
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6B2. CH4
6-3s1 to 6-3s4
Emissions From - The method is
Industrial
similar to the one
Wastewater and
used for domestic
Sludge Handling wastewater.
- The development
of EF and AD is
more complex
because there are
many types of
wastewater and
many different
industries.
Remarks
- If activity data are available then there is no difficulty in using the software to
estimate emissions.
If no national data are available:
- Estimate CH4 for all industries using expert judgment or default values for COD data.
Suggestion:
1. If possible, collect or estimate COD data for the three or four most important
industry types with treatment in site (e.g. food and beverages, pulp and paper,
textiles, petrochemicals, etc.).
2. Calculate CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater based on COD from most
important industries.
6.20
SECTOR: WASTE
CH4 Emissions from Industrial
Wastewater and Sludge Handling
SECTOR: WASTE (5)
MAIN
UNFCCC - NAI
CATEGORIES
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6B2. CH4
6-3s1 to 6-3s4
Emissions From - The method is
Industrial
similar to the one
Wastewater and
used for domestic
Sludge Handling wastewater.
- The development
of EF and AD is
more complex
because there are
many types of
wastewater and
many different
industries.
Remarks
Notes:
- Typical COD values for some industries provided in the IPCC Guidelines were updated in
GPG2000 (Table 5.4). The units for wastewater generation and COD in this Table are
different (but equivalent) to those of the workbook and the software.
- The EF calculation in worksheets 6-3s2 and 6-3s3 should be made for specific industrial
wastewater sources. To do this it would be necessary to copy and insert these worksheets
several times and to assure the necessary links. Another option is to make an aggregated
analysis for each type of Wastewater Handling System used for industry type (or for all the
industries).
- Possibility of double counting emissions due to some industrial wastewater being released
into municipal sewerage systems and accounted under Domestic and Commercial
Wastewater.
- Possible overestimation of CH4 emissions as a result of the incineration of sludge.
6.21
SECTOR: WASTE
Indirect N2O Emissions from Human Sewage
SECTOR: WASTE (6)
MAIN
CATEGORIES
6B2. Indirect
Nitrous Oxide
emissions from
Human Sewage
UNFCCC NAI
SOFTWARE
Tier 1:
Worksheets
6-4s1
Remarks
Default Method
- Method based on per capita protein consumption. This method for
estimating N2O emissions from N in sewage that is discharged into rivers
and/or estuaries is presented in chapter 4 Agriculture of GPG2000, although
these emissions are reported under the Waste sector (Domestic and
Commercial Wastewater).
- Requires knowing the average annual Per Capita Protein consumption in
the country, the Population in the Country, the Fraction of N in Protein and
the EF (EF6). Country-specific and default data may be used.
Note: Country-specific values of EF6 must be used with great caution
because of the complexity of this emission pathway.
- The software can be used directly for the estimation.
- To avoid double counting, a column for considering (decrease) the amount
of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge) was included
in the software.
SECTOR: WASTE
Emissions from Waste Incineration
SECTOR: WASTE (7)
MAIN
UNFCCC - NAI
CATEGORIES
SOFTWARE
Tier 1: Worksheets
6C. Waste
Incineration
- This source category
was not included in the
Workbook and the IPCC
Software, therefore there
are no Worksheets.
- The Reference section
of the IPCC Guidelines
Manual describes a
general approach and
provides references to
methods available for
some of the gases.
- The UNFCCC–NAI
Software includes a
worksheet to calculate
the emissions of CO2,
CH4 and N2O from waste
incineration. The IPCC
software and the IPCC
Guidelines do not
include worksheets for
this source category.
Remarks
Emissions from this source category can be estimated using the UNFCCC–NAI
software.
- GPG2000 provides approaches to determine the emissions of CO2 and N2O
(emissions of CH4 are not likely to be significant).
- The method requires knowing waste incinerated, EF and the burn out efficiency of
combustion. Country-specific and default values may be used.
- The most accurate estimates can be developed by determining the emissions for each
type of waste (e.g. municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, clinical waste and hazardous
waste).
Notes:
1 - Only CO2 emissions resulting from the incineration of carbon in waste of fossil
origin (e.g. plastics, certain textiles, rubber, liquid solvents and waste oil) should be
included.
2 - CO2 emissions from combustion used as a management practice at SWDSs are to be
included under Solid Waste Disposal.
3 - Emissions without energy recovery have to be reported in the Waste Sector,
whereas emissions with energy recovery should be reported in the Energy Sector.
6.23
NEW WORSHEET 6-5S1 INCLUDED IN THE UNFCCC–NAI SOFTWARE
FOR CALCULATING EMISSIONS FROM WASTE INCINERATION
6.24
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste
Disposal on Land (I)
Country A: Year: 2000.
Data



The Environment Ministry provided data on solid waste
disposal in the country during the year 2000. It also
provided results from studies carried out on solid waste
characterization.
Determine the CH4 emissions from the disposition of solid
waste on land using the UNFCCC-NAI Software.
Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the Summary
Tables of the Inventory the report of results obtained.
6.25
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste
Disposal on Land (II)
COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH SOLID WASTES DISPOSAL
Urban population of the country
8 666 744 persons
MSW generation rate
0.68 kg/capita/day
Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDSs
1
Proportion of waste for each type of SWDSs

Managed
0.7

Unmanaged-shallow
0.3
Fraction of DOC in MSW
0.18
Recovered methane per year (Gg)
0
6.26
SECTOR: WASTE
Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste
Disposal on Land (III)
RESULTS
CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal on land
113.73 Gg CH4
6.27
Thank you
6.28