Transcript International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MICE MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003

International
Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
MICE
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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MICE review at RAL
17 February 2003
1. Introduction (Alain Blondel)
2. Accelerator Physics aspects of MICE (Mike Zisman)
3. Measurements and measurement technique (Vittorio Palladino)
4. MICE at RAL (Rob Edgecock)
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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Why MICE?
Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->),
the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the
final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration.
International workshops:
NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France)
NUFACT 00 (Montery, California)
NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan)
NUFACT 02 (London, UK)
 Neutrino Factory
is the ultimate tool for study
of Neutrino Oscillations
-- unique source of high energy ne
--reach/sensitivity better by
order(s) of magnitude wrt other
techniques (e.g. super-beams) for
* q13 *
** matter effects **
*** leptonic CP violation ***
m+

e+
ne
_
nm
NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient
in the leading explanations for the mystery of
the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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0.10
10
2.50
50
130
CNGS
-SK
and other off axis prop.
comparison of reach in the oscillations; right to left:
sin2q13
present limit from the CHOOZ experiment,
expected sensitivity from the MINOS and ICARUS experiments,
0.75 MW JHF to super Kamiokande with an off-axis narrow-band beam,
Superbeam: 4 MW CERN-SPL to a 400 kton water Cerenkov in Fréjus or J-PARC->HyperK
from a 1021 muons Neutrino Factory with 40 kton large magnetic detector, including systematics
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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Combination of Beta beam and superbeam is still short of performance of neutrino factory …
(bewrare of systematics for low Energy neutrino events, though)
lowest LMA.
KAMLAND
M.Mezzetto, CERN workshop NNN02, january 2002
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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Particle physicist:
Q: Can a Neutrino Factory be built?
Accelerator physisicst:
A: YES! (US study II, CERN)
but… it is expensive,
and many ingredients
have never been demonstrated!
 R&D is needed. (est. 5yrs)
to
1. reduce cost and
2. ascertain performance
among critical items:
*** COOLING ***
Cooling component development programme:
MUCOOL collabration (US-Japan-UK)
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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IONIZATION COOLING
principle:
reality (simplified)
this will surely work..!
….maybe…
A delicate technology and integration problem
 Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam)
Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%,
while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision.
Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle
state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation
will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology.
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
RF Noise??
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10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF
single particle measurements =>
measurement precision can be as good as D ( e out/e in ) = 10-3
never done before either….
Coupling Coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 1
Matching
coils 1&2
Focus coils 1
Focus coils 2
Focus coils 3
Matching
coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 2
m
Beam PID
TOF 0
Cherenkov
TOF 1
Diffusers 1&2
Incoming muon beam
RF cavities 1
RF cavities 2
Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3
Downstream
particle ID:
TOF 2
Cherenkov
Calorimeter
Trackers 1 & 2
measurement of emittance in and out
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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November 2001: Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL
January 2002 Positive statements from PSI:
cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid)
March
2002: LOI reviewed at RAL
June
2002: Review panel encouraged submission of a proposal.
what happened since?
1. MICE found a home, experimental hall, infrastructure etc… RAL!
2. Important experimental inputs were collected on the critical issue of xray background on detectors -> experiment feasible.
3. Safety issues were further considered leading to an improved design
of the experiment
4. Hardware and financial responsibilities have been distributed and time
lines delineated
5. A complete set of detectors is now proposed.
6. The proposal has been written and submitted
7. SNO + KAMLAND established LMA
Leptonic CP violation should be observable in neutrino oscillations
(unless parameters conspire)
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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MUTAC ( 14-15 jan 2003):
The committee remains convinced that this experiment, which is absolutely required to
validate the concept of ionization cooling, and the R&D leading to it should be the
highest priority of the muon collaboration. Planning and design for the experiment have
advanced dramatically(…)
EMCOG: (6 feb 2003 -- *draft* minutes)
(…)EMCOG was impressed by the quality of the experiment, which has been well studied,
is well organized and well structured. The issue of ionization cooling is critical and this
justifies the important effort that the experiment represents.
EMCOG recommends very strongly a timely realization of MICE.
MUTAC: Muon Technical Advisory Committee (Helen Edwards, et al) (US)
EMCOG: European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group (C. Wyss et al)
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January 10 2003
Proposal to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
An International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE)
Abstract (excerpts)
The aims of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment are:
To show that it is possible to design, engineer and build a section of
cooling channel capable of giving the desired performance for a Neutrino
Factory;
To place it in a muon beam and measure its performance in a variety of
modes of operation and beam conditions.
The MICE collaboration has designed an experiment where a section of an
ionisation cooling channel is exposed to a muon beam and reduces its
transverse
emittance
by 10%
for muon
momenta
between
140detectors
and 240 MeV/c.
*** Improvements
in the
evaluation
of the
background
in the
due
to radiation from the RF cavities make us confident that the desired
precision can be achieved ***
A scenario exists to satisfy the safety requirements related to the use of
liquid hydrogen as cooling medium.
Assuming proper funding and support, ionization cooling of
muons will be demonstrated by 2007
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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Participating institutes: (142 authors)
Belgium:
Louvain La Neuve (Ghislain Gregoire)
Netherlands:
INFN:
France
Switzerland:
UK:
CERN
Russia
Japan
USA
NIKHEF amsterdam (Frank Linde)
Bari (Gabriella Catanesi) Frascati (Michele Castellano) Genova (Pasquale Fabbricatore)
Legnaro (Ugo Gastaldi) Milano (Maurizio Bonesini) Napoli (Giuseppe Osteria) ,
Padova (Mauro Mezetto) , Roma(Ludovico Tortora), Trieste (Marco Apollonio)
DAPNIA, CEA Saclay (Jean-Michel Rey)
Geneva (Alain Blondel), ETH Zürich (André Rubbia), PSI (Claude Petitjean)
Brunel (Paul Keyberd), Edimburg(Akram Khan, Glasgow (Paul Soler),
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Rob Edgecock), University of Oxford (Giles Barr),
Imperial College London (Ken Long), Liverpool (John Fry), Sheffield (Chris Booth)
(Helmut Haseroth)
Budker Institute Novosibirsk (Sasha Skrinsky) (+ Dubna, Lebedev under discussions)
KEK (Shigeru Ishimoto), Osaka University(Yoshitaka Kuno)
Argonne National Laboratory (Jim Norem)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (Bob Palmer)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Steve Geer, Alan Bross)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Michael Zisman)
University of Iowa (Yasar Onel), Fairfield University (David Winn)
University of California Los Angeles (David Cline)
University of Mississippi (Don Summers)
U.C. Riverside, (Gail Hanson)
University of Chicago – Enrico Fermi Institute(Marco Oreglia)
Northern Illinois University (Mary Anne Cummings)
Illinois Institute of Technology (Danial Kaplan)
Jefferson Lab (Bob Rimmer)
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International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
Organization:
Steering committee:
A. Blondel*1 (University of Geneva) P. Drumm (RAL), R. Edgecock (RAL)
H. Haseroth (CERN), K. Long (ICL, London) I. Ivaniouchenkov2 (RAL)
Y. Kuno (Osaka University)
S. Geer (FNAL), D. Kaplan 3(Illinois Institute of Technology) M. Zisman (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory)
Y. Torun4 (Illinois Institute of Technology)
* convener, 1EU spokesperson, 2Interim project engineer, 3US spokesperson, 4secretary
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Conveners of technical teams:
a) Concept development: R. B. Palmer (BNL), R. Edgecock (RAL/CERN)
b) Experiment simulations: M. G. Catanesi (Bari), Y. Torun (IIT)
c) Hydrogen absorbers: S. Ishimoto (KEK) M. A. C. Cummings (Northern Illinois)
d) RF cavities, power sources: Derun Li (LBNL), R.Church (RAL), H.Haseroth (CERN)
e) Magnetic system: M. A. Green (LBNL), J.-M. Rey (CEA Saclay)
f) Particle detectors: V. Palladino (Napoli), A. Bross (FNAL)
g) Beam line: P. Drumm (RAL)
h) RF radiation: J. Norem (Argonne), E. McKigney (IC London)
i) Engineering and Integration: I. Ivaniouchenkov (RAL), E. Black (IIT)
Collaboration meetings 3 times a year: US,UK,EU, etc…
S.G. phone conf. every 2 weeks
Video Conferences every 2 weeks (not easy!)
Web site, copies of transparencies, MICE-Notes,
common software, speakers bureau, collaboration board (1/institute)
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COST TABLE and RESPONSIBILITIES
warning: assignment of tasks will be revised when cost savings
are understood (decision on tracker)
possible cost savings
-- use refurbished RF from CERN:
-- use TPG or multiplex sci-fi tracker
-- use HARP electronics
net cost if all savings apply: 19.2- M€
- 2500.- k€
- 3000.- k€
- 500.- k€
(Re: LOI 17.8 M$)
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Belgium
Downstream Cherenkov
Netherlands
Magnetic probes
INFN
Spectrometer solenoid,
TOF detectors,
Calorimeter,
Tracker, DAQ
France
Magnetic measurements
Switzerland
Beam Solenoid (PSI), Tracker
possibly spectrometer solenoid
CERN
Refurbished RF power sources
UK
Beam, Home and Infrastructure!
Focus coils,
Absorber,
Tracker
Russia
under discussions
Japan
Absorbers
tracker
RF cavities,
coupling coil
Absorbers
tracker
up-and downstream Cherenkov
Responsibilities
(Hardware)
USA
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Time Lines
Time lines for the various items of MICE have been explored
– procurement delays and installation –
the critical items are solenoids and RF cavities.
(R&D being pursued on smaller and cheaper 805 MHz RF cavities)
This is consistent with the logistics of the beam line upgrade at RAL and of the
various shut downs.
UK: funding has been prepared since a year
US: Proposal has been submitted to NSF
Italy: review of funding request on 15 March
Belgium and NL: request submitted
Switzerland: discussions in progress
CERN, PSI: hardware earmarked
etc…
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
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Time Lines
Time lines for the various items of MICE have been explored
– procurement delays and installation –
the critical items are solenoids and RF cavities.
MICE – International review panel -- Alain Blondel, RAL 17 February 2003
Tracher decision
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If funding is adequate, the following sequence of events can be envisaged:
m
-
STEP I:
2004
STEP II: summer 2005
STEP III:
winter 2006
STEP IV: spring 2006
STEP V: fall 2006
STEP VI:
2007
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Time Line
If all goes well and funding is adequate, Muon Ionization cooling will have been
demonstrated and measured precisely by
2007
At that time:
MINOS and CNGS will have started and mesured Dm132 more precisely
J-Parc-SK will be about to start (Q13 measurement)
LHC will be about to start as well
It will be timely (…and not too soon!) to have by then
a full design for a neutrino factory *),
with one of the main unknowns,
practical feasibility of ionization cooling, removed.
*)
plans:
proposal of a Neutrino factory feasibility study to EU (2004-2007)
US Study III (2005 onwards)
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Conclusions
There is no doubt that a Neutrino Factory is the ultimate tool to study neutrino
oscillations and leptonic CP violation, and a first step towards muon colliders.
Can it be done?
Paper studies say Yes, but these are only paper studies… involving several new
concepts, the newest being ionization cooling.
MICE aims at turning this new concept into an apparatus that works, with a
community of people able to operate it, maintain it, improve it.
The MICE collaboration, supported by the enthusastic UK community, has designed
an experiment based on a full cell of US studyII and a set of spectrometers to
measure the emittance reduction of 10% with a precision of 10-3. It will also be
capable of exploring a number of beam and optics conditions beyond the baseline.
The collaboration has organised responsibilities, and determined the costs and time
line of the experiment. The crucial safety issues have been addressed and a solution
is proposed that should be adequate. The large players have gone -- or are ready to
go -- ask for funds.
If all goes well ionization cooling will have been demonstrated in 2007. This is very
timely and …… not too soon!
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Further Explorations
We have defined a baseline MICE, which will measure the basic cooling
properties of the StudyII cooling channel with high precision, for a moderate
gradient of ~8 MV/m, with Liquid Hydrogen absorbers.
Many variants of the experiment can be tested.
1. other absorbers: Various fillings and thicknesses of LH2 can be envisaged
The bolted windows design allows different absorbers to be mounted.
2. other optics and momentum: nominal is 200 MeV/c and b = 42 cm.
Exploration of low b (down to a few cm at 140 MeV/c)
Exploration of momentum up to 240 MeV/c
will be possible by varying the currents.
3. the focus pairs provide a field reversal in the baseline configuration, but
they have been designed to operate also in no-flip mode which could have larger
acceptance both transversally and in momentum (Fanchetti et al)
(We are not sure this can be done because of stray fields…)
4. Higher gradients can be achieved on the cavities, either by running them
at liquid nitrogen temperature (the vessel is adequate for this) (gain 1.5-1.7)
or by connecting to the 8 MW RF only one of the two 4-cavity units (gain 1.4)
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