Transcript Effect of Safety Training and Knowledge of Child Labor Laws on Reported Injuries Among Working Youth: Results of School Based SurveysSanto.

Effect of Safety Training and Knowledge of Child Labor Laws on Reported Injuries
Among Working Youth: Results of School Based Surveys
1
Santo ,
2
Bowling
Janet Dal
Mike
1
1
Duke University , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ,
Selected Characteristics of
Working Teens
Introduction
About 80% of adolescents work during high school
years
Young workers are at increased risk of injury
than adult workers with an estimated 400 young
workers injured on the job every day
 Injuries have a negative impact on the physical,
mental and psychological development of youth
workers as well as on their educational attainment
Studies on the effect of safety training, knowledge of
child labor laws and injuries among youth workers
are limited
Child labor laws are designed to protect young
workers from working in hazardous occupations
and from working long hours that can have adverse
effects on their health and safety and on their
educational achievement
There is limited information on the adequacy and
effectiveness of existing workplace safety training
programs in preventing injuries among youth workers
in the industries where they are likely to work
Objectives
Working Teens
58.3
30.6
10.6
48.0
61.2
942
495
171
785
918
Worked during the school year
Types of Jobs:
79.4
1307
Worked in construction
0.70
(0.43, 1.14)
0.15
Services
Cashiers and sales
Managers /professionals/administrative
Laborers
59.2
23.8
5.8
10.0
903
363
89
153
Worked in landscaping
0.77
(0.41, 1.43)
0.40
Worked in food industry
1.90
(1.46, 2.46)
<0.05
Knowledge
of child
Labor Laws
Examine associations between safety training,
knowledge of child labor laws and reported injuries
among teens
Investigate safety training in industries where the
majority of teen injuries occurred
Implications for youth safety interventions to address
gaps in education and training and for targeting
interventions at industries where injuries are more
likely to occur and where safety training is lacking
Duration of
Employment
School-based surveys
Conducted in 32 randomly selected high schools in
North Carolina and South Carolina (October–December
2005)
Teens who had worked in any paid job (referent job)
outside the home during the two years prior to the
survey completed the entire questionnaire
Excludes: domestic and agricultural employment
Anonymous 15–20 minute questionnaire
Non-working students completed sociodemographic
section only
Survey Response
Using CASRO definition response rate is 73.8–
86.6% for North Carolina survey and 82.2–91.1%
for South Carolina
A total of 1655 working teens completed the whole
questionnaire
A total of 2089 non-working students completed
socio-demographic section only
1.72
Confidence P Value
Interval
(1.19, 2.52)
<0.05
Unadjusted Associations between
Type of Work and Injuries
among Working Teens
%
Frequency
Little or No safety
training
34.9
26.7
Some safety training
36.0
27.5
Increased safety
training
29.2
22.3
Laws that limit the kind
of work teens can work
45.3
59.3
Laws that regulate the
hours teens can work
44.6
Laws that regulate how
late teens can work
42.8
55.3
Worked in construction
3.72
(1.74, 7.94)
<0.05
Worked <3 months
12.1
8.3
Worked in landscaping
2.99
(1.06, 8.41)
<0.05
Worked 3-6 months
9.1
6.2
Worked > 6 months
78.8
54.2
Worked in food industry
1.25
(0.57, 2.74)
0.57
57.6
Weighted Number and (%) of Students with
Reported Injuries by Safety Training and
Knowledge of Child Labor Laws
Students with
reported injuries
Variables
Methods
Worked in recreational
facilities
OR
Received safety
training
Yes
No
24 (31%)
Informed of child labor
laws that limit the kind
of work
Yes
45 (59%)
No
31 (40%)
Informed of child labor
laws that regulate the
hours teens can work
Yes
45 (57%)
No
32 (42%)
Informed of child labor
laws that regulate how
late teens can work
Yes
43 (55%)
Frequencies
Food industry
88.8
20.3
Recreational facilities
41.8
3.2
Construction
48.0
4.7
Landscaping and mowing
100
5.2
Discussion
Injured Teens Safety Training,
Knowledge of Child Labor Laws,
and Duration of Employment
Safety
Training
Variables
%
Industries
95%
Variable
Weighted Frequencies and (%) of Injured
Teens Reporting Safety Training in
Industries where Injuries Occurred
Weighted
Frequencies
%
Race
White
Black/African American
Other
Male
Age when started working (≥16)
Unadjusted Associations between
Type of Work and Safety Training
among Working Teens
P value
95%
Variables
Worked in recreational
facilities
OR
0.80
Confidence P Value
Interval
(0.33, 1.93)
0.62
Results suggest that the training teens received was not
associated with reported injuries.
Teens’ knowledge of restriction on hours of work was
associated with reported injuries but knowledge of
restrictions on kinds of work and how late teens can
work were not associated with reported injuries
Teens who work in the construction industry or in
landscaping/mowing companies are more likely to get
injured than teens who work in other occupations
The lack of any type of safety training by at least half
of teens who reported serious injuries merits further
investigation
It appears that the safety training teens receive in
industries where the majority of injuries occur is
ineffective in preventing injuries suggesting the need
to tailor injury prevention programs to the
developmental needs of teens and to the tasks they
Teens who work in the food industry and in recreational
facilities are more likely to get trained than teens
working in other occupations
At least half of teens with reported injuries had
receiving some kind of safety training when working in
food industry, construction, landscaping/mowing, and
recreational facilities
53 (68%)
perform
Results support previous findings on the lack of use
of protective equipment by injured teens in this
sample suggesting the need for more adequate
supervision and better training on the use of personal
protective devices
Findings suggest the need for injury prevention
0.58
programs to specifically target industries where the
Limitations
0.12
<0.05
0.75
No
Conclusions
Did not verify veracity of self report by working teens
which may have resulted in recall bias
majority of teen injuries occur; construction sites,
food industry, landscaping and mowing companies,
and recreational facilities
35 (45%)
Surveys did not employ state-wide random sampling
Associations between Safety Training,
Knowledge of Child Labor Laws,
and Injuries among Working Teens
Variables
Received Safety Training
(n=1621)
Informed of Child Labor
Laws that limit the kinds of
work (n=1596)
Informed of Child Labor Laws
that regulate the hours teens
can work (n=1611)
Informed of Child Labor
Laws that regulate how late
teens can work (n=1612)
Chi-square
DF
P Value
0.31
1
0.58
2.36
1
0.12
procedures which may limit external validity of the
study (generalizability)
Teens who worked in domestic employment or in
agriculture were excluded from the study
Funding: R01 OH03530-02 from
School-based survey so high school drop-outs were
not represented
4.95
1
<0.05
0.10
1
0.75
Acknowledgement
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health
The National Institute of Drug Abuse P30DA023026
Christian Douglas provided assistance in data analysis
Lynn Tuttle provided assistance in formatting, design, and editing