Transcript Become an Accessibility Expert in 50 min What your will learn • Stuff to impress your Client & Boss with. • Surprise, it.

Become an Accessibility
Expert in 50 min
What your will learn
• Stuff to impress your Client & Boss with.
• Surprise, it might be you! Who are covered
in accessibility issues.
• Wow, That’s allot of work.
Time
to
Impress
How Serious is this?
• About 1 in 4 computer users have
a visual difficulty or impairment.
• Also about 1 in 4 users have a
dexterity difficulty or impairment.
• 1 in 5 computer users have a
hearing difficulty or impairment
• 74.2 million computer users are
LIKELY or VERY LIKELY to
benefit from the use of accessible
technology.
The Law
• Rehabilitation Act
(Sections 504 &
508)
• Section 255 of the
Telecommunications Act of 1996
• Americans with
Disabilities Act
(ADA) of 1990
• Individuals with
Disabilities
Education Act
(Amended in 1997)
Rehabilitation Act
(Sections 504 & 508)
• 1973 the act was created to give the
disabled a even playing field.
• Amended in 93 and again in 98 which
affects us on the web.
• http://www.section508.gov for more
information not covered here on both
504 and 508
The Nutshell:
Rehabilitation Act
Sections 504
Section 504 prohibitions against discrimination apply to service
availability, accessibility, delivery, employment, and the
administrative activities and responsibilities of organizations
receiving Federal financial assistance. A recipient of Federal
financial assistance may not, on the basis of disability:
•
Deny qualified individuals the opportunity to participate in or
benefit from federally funded programs, services, or other
benefits.
•
Deny access to programs, services, benefits or opportunities to
participate as a result of physical barriers.
•
Deny employment opportunities, including hiring, promotion,
training, and fringe benefits, for which they are otherwise entitled
or qualified....
The Nutshell:
Rehabilitation Act
Sections 508
Section 508 requires access to the Federal government's electronic and
information technology. The law covers all types of electronic and
information technology in the Federal sector and is not limited to assistive
technologies used by people with disabilities. It applies to all Federal
agencies when they develop, procure, maintain, or use such technology.
Federal agencies must ensure that this technology is accessible to
employees and the public to the extent it does not pose an "undue
burden."
•
Software Applications and Operating Systems
•
Web-based Intranet and Internet Information and Applications
•
Telecommunications Products
•
Video or Multimedia Products
•
Self Contained, Closed Products
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• Title II & Title III apply to Web accessibility and
postsecondary institutions.
• Title II in particular Section VI: Communications
Pertains to the Government (State/Local)
• Title III Technical Assistance Manual. (Section 1.2
Public Accommodation ) deals with public
accommodation of people with disabilities.
• Question: Does the internet qualify as a place of
public accommodation?
(ADA) Law Suites
• National Federation of the Blind vs. AOL
• Tyler v. City of Manhattan (857 F Supp 800
D.Kan. 1994)
• Southwest Airlines Cases
• Martin vs. MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta
Rapid Transit Authority)
• Oversight Hearing on The Applicability of
the ADA to Private Internet Sites (Feb 9th
2000)
Telecommunications Act of 1996
(Section 255)
• “The Act requires manufacturers of
telecommunications equipment and customer
premises equipment to ensure that the equipment is
designed, developed, and fabricated to be accessible
to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if readily
achievable.”
• “Telecommunications equipment and customer
premises equipment designed, developed and
fabricated after the effective date of the section,
including, but not limited to, telephones, pagers, fax
machines, computers with modems, etc. “
Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act
• “Free appropriate public education“ for preK12th grade.
• Must have access to the General Curriculum
of their peers
• Very Similar to Section 504 & 508 except for
schools.
Defining The Disabled and Impaired
• Visual
• Hearing
• Motor
• Cognitive
• Age Related
The Workload
1. Assessing the situation
2. Setting standards
3. Get it done!
4. Wait there is more. Testing
again.
Assessing the situation
The Site Audit
Define your test
What items will you test.
How long will it take.
Typical Items to test
• Home Page
• At least 5 pages at 1 click in.
• At least 5 pages at 2 clicks in.
• All form pages
• All Plug-in Pages
• Site Map Page
• Any part of the site which follows a “User interactive
Process” (i.e. Registration process. Purchase process.)
What to do for each item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Verify the HTML for compliance
Verify the CSS for compliance
Test the HTML Schematic Structure.
Check page against a tool like Bobby, Wave, or
CynthiaSays.com
5. Test with VisCheck for Color Blindness issues.
6. Test with Client Scripts turned off.
7. Test without images.
8. Manually verify all Definitive Tag Attributes.
9. Verify That the linguistics' are clear and precise to
what they define.
10. Test Media for Hearing disability and Cognitive
disability issues.
11. Check for Keyboard Accessibility Issues.
Your Best Tool is
Live User Testing
Testing the HTML, CSS, And the
Schematic Structure
• We do this to make sure of compatibility with
accessible technology readers.
• HTML now well written will cause reader issues.
• CSS not well written will not allow users to overwrite
the site settings. (i.e. Font sizes)
• Schematic should make sense. NO Formatting Text
to look like a header. Use Header Tags!
Do Not : <span class=“HeaderText”>This is my header.</span>
DO: <h1 class=“HeaderText”>This is my Header</h1>
Testing the HTML, CSS, And the
Schematic Structure
A good Schematic Structure looks simular to
Heading 1 <h1>
Heading 2 <h2>
Paragraph <p>
Heading 2 <h2>
Paragraph <p>
Heading 3 <h3>
Paragraph <p>
Heading 3 <h3>
Paragraph <p>
Heading 4 <h4>
Paragraph <p>
Heading 3 <h3>
Paragraph <p>
Manually Verify All Definitive Tag Attributes.
Definitive Tag Attributes:
• ALT
• LONGDESC
• SUMMARY
• CAPTION
• ABBR
• ACRONYM
• NAME
TABLES
• Don’t us <th> tags with layout
tables.
• Designate Row and Column
Headers Using the <th> Tag
• Use Appropriate Headers for
the Data Cells
• Use Proportional Sizing over
Absolute Sizing
• Provide Titles for Data Tables
Using the <caption> Tag
• Provide Summaries Using the
Summary Attribute
Testing Media
• Provide synchronized captions for any audio that conveys
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
content
Remove strobing content that flashes between 2 and 55 times
per second
Give users control over time sensitive content
Ensure the content is keyboard accessible
Be consistent
Use the clearest, simplest language appropriate to the content
Provide plenty of contrast
Ensure screen reader accessibility or provide an accessible
alternative
Provide text equivalents for all non-text elements that convey
content or provide a function
Testing Keyboard Accessibility
• Easily navigatable via tab key.
• Easily navigatable with JavaScript
turned off.
• Allow content skipping.
• Use tabindex attribute and keyboard
shortcuts
• Avoid absolute positioning.
Setting Standards
• Standards books help consistent
accessibility design.
• Give a site template for multiple
contributors
• Allows less room for mistakes.
More Testing
• Use Human Testing.
• Random Audit Testing.
• Scheduled post-project testing