Transcript World Geography Today Canada Preview Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today Section 3: Geographic Issues Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 9

World Geography Today
Canada
Preview
Section 1: History and Culture
Section 2: Canada Today
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 9
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 1: History and Culture
Read to Discover
• Which European countries played a role in
Canada’s early history?
• What are some important features of
Canadian culture?
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 1: History and Culture
European Arrivals in Canada
Vikings
A.D. 1000
Visited eastern
shores
No permanent
settlements
English
1497
John Cabot
Explored for
the English
French
1530s
Jacques Cartier
Explored
St. Lawrence
River; French
sought northwest
passage to Asia,
fishing and furs,
Catholic converts
British
1700s
French-British
conflict
In Nova Scotia;
settlement increased
during American
Revolution;
provinces
established
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 1: History and Culture
Europe’s Role in Canada’s Early History
• France
• Arrived in 1530s
• Goals—to explore, acquire fish and furs, spread Catholic
religion
• Founded colony in Quebec
• Great Britain
•
•
•
•
Colonized Nova Scotia in 1713
Forced France out by 1763
Organized Canada into provinces
Established self-governing dominion
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 1: History and Culture
Key Features of Canadian Culture
• Mix of French and British culture, with U.S.
influences
• Many immigrants in recent years
• French Canadian culture in Quebec
• British culture in Ontario and farther west
• Inuit, Canadian Indians, and relocated city-dwellers
in north
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 2: Canada Today
Read to Discover
• What resources and activities drive
Canada’s economy?
• What factors and processes have
influenced the growth of Canada’s cities?
• How is Canada organized and governed?
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 2: Canada Today
Question
What are the resources and economic
activities of each region of Canada?
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 2: Canada Today
Canada’s Economy
Atlantic
Provinces
Quebec and
Ontario
Resources:
fish, forests,
minerals, oil
Economic
Activities:
fishing,
mining, some
industries
Resources:
farmland,
minerals
Economic
Activities:
service
industries,
manufacturing,
farming, mining
Prairie
Provinces
British
Columbia
Resources:
fertile soils,
potash
deposits, oil
Economic
Activities:
wheat
farming,
mining,
oil drilling
Resources:
forests, fish,
minerals
Economic
Activities:
manufacture
of forest
products,
fishing,
mining, trade
Canadian
North
Resources:
mineral,
diamond, and
fossil fuel
deposits,
freshwater
Economic
Activities:
mining,
construction,
military posts,
tourism
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 2: Canada Today
Factors in the Growth of Canada’s Cities
• Generally well managed, clean, and safe
• Toronto—Canada’s largest city, with major
companies and cultural institutions, multicultural
population
• Montreal—cultural center, with good transit system
• Victoria and Vancouver—West Coast centers based
on fishing, tourism, trade, entertainment production
• Prairie cities: Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg—
centers for farming, oil production, trade
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 2: Canada Today
Canada’s Government
• Maintains British ties and British monarch
• Democratic government with a prime minister
and elected parliament
• Provincial governments have local power
• Three northern territories have some control over
local issues
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Read to Discover
• How does the United States influence
Canada today?
• How have geographic factors affected
Canada’s national unity?
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Question
How has Canada’s relationship with the
United States led to economic, cultural, and
social changes there?
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 3: Geographic Issues
U.S. Influence on Canada’s Culture
Economy
Economies
closely tied
together;
many U.S.
companies in
Canada
Population
Culture
Cities
U.S.
population is
much larger;
most
Canadians
live near U.S.
border
American
mass media
heard and
seen in
Canada nearly
every day
Canadian and
U.S. cities
linked;
increases
cultural
exchange
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Effects of Geography on Canadian Unity
• Regional loyalties undermine unity.
• Physical barriers and distance contribute to
separation.
• Differences between French and British
cultures promote separatism.
World Geography Today
Chapter 9
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1. What major groups have settled in Canada over time?
2. What characteristics make Ontario and Quebec
Canada’s heartland?
3. How has Canada’s economy changed over the last
century?
4. How is Canada’s heritage reflected in its system of
government? Why was Nunavut created?
5. What are some important cultural, historical, and
economic ties between the United States and
Canada?