Transcript Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions Closed Caption EIA708/608 Doug Keltz Sr Video Account Manager.

Understanding & Troubleshooting
Closed Captions
Closed Caption EIA708/608
Doug Keltz
Sr Video Account Manager
Closed Caption
by
Closed
viewer
Captions
within can
the program
be enabled
material.
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Agenda
FCC Requirements
ANC Data
Closed Captioning
Closed Caption Troubleshooting
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Agenda
FCC Requirements
ANC Data
Closed Captioning
Closed Caption Troubleshooting
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Overview of new rules
 July 1993, the FCC required all analog television receivers with screens 13 inches or larger
sold or manufactured in the United States to contain built-in decoder circuitry to display closed
captioning.
 1996, Congress required video programming distributors (VPDs) to close caption their
television programs.
 1997, the FCC set a transition schedule requiring distributors to provide an increasing amount
of captioned programming.
 July 1, 2002, the FCC also required that digital television (DTV) receivers include closed
captioning display capability.
http://www.fcc.gov/guides/closed-captioning
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
FCC Requirments
 (12) Video programming provider. Any video programming distributor and any other entity that
provides video programming that is intended for distribution to residential households
including, but not limited to broadcast or nonbroadcast television network and the owners of
such programming.
 (b) Requirements for closed captioning of video programming—(1) Requirements for new
English language programming. Video programming distributors must provide closed
captioning for nonexempt video programming that is being distributed and exhibited on
each channel during each calendar quarter in accordance with the following requirements:
 (iv) As of January 1, 2006, and thereafter, 100% of the programming distributor's new
nonexempt video programming must be provided with captions.
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FCC Requirements

(c) Obligation to pass through captions of already captioned programs; obligation to maintain equipment and
monitor for captions. (1) All video programming distributors shall deliver all programming received from the video
programming owner or other origination source containing closed captioning to receiving television households with
the original closed captioning data intact in a format that can be recovered and displayed by decoders
meeting the standards of this part unless such programming is recaptioned or the captions are reformatted by the
programming distributor.

(2) Video programming distributors shall take any steps needed to monitor and maintain their equipment and
signal transmissions associated with the transmission and distribution of closed captioning to ensure that the
captioning included with video programming reaches the consumer intact. In any enforcement proceeding involving
equipment failure, the Commission will require video programming distributors to demonstrate that they have
monitored their equipment and signal transmissions, have performed technical equipment checks, and have
promptly undertaken repairs as needed to ensure that equipment is operational and in good working order.

(3) Each video programming distributor shall maintain records of the video programming distributor's monitoring and
maintenance activities, which shall include, without limitation, information about the video programming distributor's
monitoring and maintenance of equipment and signal transmissions to ensure the pass through and delivery of closed
captioning to viewers, and technical equipment checks and other activities to ensure that captioning equipment and
other related equipment are maintained in good working order. Each video programming distributor shall maintain
such records for a minimum of two years and shall submit such records to the Commission upon request.
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
FCC Requirements

(2) The video programmer will make reasonable efforts to employ live display captioning instead of real-time
captioning for prerecorded programs if the complete program can be delivered to the caption service provider in
sufficient time prior to airing.

(iii) Monitoring and Remedial Best Practices. Video programmers adopting Best Practices will take the following
actions aimed at improving prompt identification and remediation of captioning errors when they occur.

(A) Pre-air monitoring of offline captions. As part of the overall pre-air quality control process for television
programs, conduct periodic checks of offline captions on prerecorded programs to determine the presence of
captions.

(B) Real-time monitoring of captions. Monitor television program streams at point of origination (e.g., monitors
located at the network master control point or electronic monitoring) to determine presence of captions.

(D) Recording of captioning issues. Maintain a log of reported captioning issues, including date, time of day,
program title, and description of the issue. Beginning one year after the effective date of the captioning quality
standards, such log should reflect reported captioning issues from the prior year.

(B) The intended message of the spoken dialogue is conveyed in the associated captions in a clear and
comprehensive manner.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/textidx?SID=72eb5a624e8dc043293819a5663dff41&node=47:4.0.1.1.6.1.1.1&rgn=div8=47
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
The New Rules

On February 20, 2014, the FCC set new, improved rules for TV closed captioning to ensure that viewers
who are deaf and hard of hearing have full access to programming, resolving concerns on captioning
quality and providing much-needed guidance to video programming distributors and programmers.

The new rules apply to all television programming with captions, addressing quality standards for
accuracy, synchronicity (timing), program completeness, and placement of closed captions, including the
requirement that captions be:
– Accurate: Captions must match the spoken words in the dialogue and convey background noises
and other sounds to the fullest extent possible.
– Synchronous: Captions must coincide with their corresponding spoken words and sounds to the
greatest extent possible and must be displayed on the screen at a speed that can be read by
viewers.
– Complete: Captions must run from the beginning to the end of the program to the fullest extent
possible.
– Properly placed: Captions should not block other important visual content on the screen,
overlap one another, run off the edge of the video screen, or be blocked by other information.
http://www.fcc.gov/guides/closed-captioning
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Places to monitor
 Original content production – SDI
 Completed files transferred in – MPEG & SDI
 Files ready for transmission – MPEG & SDI
 Programing leaving the broadcaster or MSO
8VSB, QAM-B, IPTV
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Agenda
FCC Requirements
ANC Data
Closed Captioning
Closed Caption Troubleshooting
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Analog NTSC Closed Caption
 CEA 608 defines analog Closed
Captioning
 Data added to Line 21 of Field 1
and Field 2
 Signal contains clock and two
data bytes
 Data rate of 120 Bytes per
second or 960 bits per second
 CEA 608 can carry services
CC1-4 and TXT 1-4
 In SD-SDI analog signal can be
digitized as part of the active
video or carried as ANC Data
Packet.
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis
Ancillary Data Space
HANC
VANC
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Digital 708 Closed Caption
 CEA 708 defines Digital Closed
Captioning
 Data added VANC
 One signal looks like any other
 You need other tools to tell what
the data is
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Digital Television Closed Caption
 CEA 708 defines Digital Television Closed Captions
 Supports backward compatibility with CEA 608
 608 Data rate of 960bps
Audio
 708 Data rate of 9600bps
Video
User
Data
Bits
DTV
Bitstream
DTVCC
Transport
Channel
NTSC Caption CEA 608
Caption Service 1
DTVCC Caption Channel
(708)
PMT
DTVCC Service Directory
EIT
DTVCC Service Directory
MPEG
Control
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Caption Service n
1080i places data in
Field one only at 29.97.
720p places data in at
Frame rate at 59.94. So
the amount of data sent
in 720p has to be ½ of
what is sent in 1080i.
 ADF – Ancillary Data Flag
User Data
Words
(max 255)
000h,3FFh,3FFh
 DID – Data Identification Word
 DBN – Data Block Number - for Type I
 SDID – Secondary Data Identification - for Type 2
 DC – Data Count
 User Data Words up to a maximum of 255 words
 CS – Checksum
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
CS
(000h)
(3FFh)
(3FFh)
DID
DBN
SDID
DC
Ancillary Data Format
Agenda
FCC Requirements
ANC Data
Closed Captioning
Closed Caption Troubleshooting
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Closed Caption Standards
 Closed Caption is defined by the following standards
– CEA 608 for standard definition analog NTSC
– CEA 708 for Digital Television (DTV)
– SMPTE 334-1
– Vertical Ancillary Data Mapping of Caption Data and Other Related Data
– SMPTE 334-2
– Caption Distribution Packet (CDP) Definition
– SMPTE EG 43
– System Implementation of CEA 708 and CEA 608 Closed Captioning
 Standard available from www.ce.org and www.smpte.org
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How to Configure Closed Caption Decoding
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions

Select one of the
tiles and press
PICT button

Push and Hold
PICT button to
access menu

Navigate to CC/
Teletext format

Select CEA 708

Repeat process
for another tile and
select CEA 608
Simultaneous Closed Caption Display
CEA 708
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CEA 608
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions

Configure one Tile
to decode CEA 708

Configure another
tile for to decode
CEA 608

Multiple Language
Captions

Select one Tile for
CC1 for 608 or
Service 1 for 708

You can also look
for 2nd service, CC3
for 608 or Service 2
for 708
Tools to use for Troubleshooting Closed Caption

In-Picture closed
caption decode

CEA708 CC1
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CA:(US TV) TV-G
CEA608 CC1
CA:(US TV) TV-G
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Check V-Chip rating
Tools to use for Troubleshooting Closed Caption

In-Picture closed
caption decode



Aux Data Status

Shows presence

Shows Number of
services
ANC Data Inspector

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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Check V-Chip rating
Shows presence of
ANC data packets
ANC Data Inspector and Closed Caption Data
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions

Select one of the tiles
and press MEASURE
button

Push and Hold
MEASURE button to
access menu

Navigate to Display
Type and select ANC
Data Display

Press Full to display
ANC Data Display

Navigate to Closed
Caption data and
press MAG
Agenda
FCC Requirements
ANC Data
Closed Captioning
Closed Caption Troubleshooting
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Closed Caption Problems
 Picture Display not decoding Closed Captions
– Verify that CC is enabled and the correct service is selected
– Check Aux Data Status for presence of Closed Captions
– Verify that there is not more than one caption being inserted
– Verify the order of the Caption inserter in the food chain
 Does the frame rate of closed caption match video frame rate
– Mismatches in frame rate can cause encoder problems
 May need to delve into the ANC data packet or MPEG
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Closed
viewer Captions
within can
program
bebe enabled
material.
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Closed Caption Problems
 Picture Display not decoding Closed Captions
– Check Aux Data Status for presence of Closed Captions
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis and Closed Captions
Cross converted 720p material
 A lot of material for 720p airing starts it’s life as 1080i content.
X
1080i to
720p Video
Cross
convert
Copy 708 Anc data
1080i to
720p Video
Cross
convert
1080i to
720p Anc
Data Cross
convert
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Understanding 720p Auxiliary Data Status Display
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
For 720p

Frame rate must be 59.94

608 data count must be 2
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions

Select one of the
tiles and press
Status button

Push and Hold
Status button to
access menu

Navigate to
Display Type and
select Aux Data
Status
Bad 720p Frame rate
Frame rate set at a 1080i rate
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Understanding 1080i Auxiliary Data Status Display
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
For 1080i

Frame rate must be 29.97

608 data count must be 4
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions

Select one of the
tiles and press
Status button

Push and Hold
Status button to
access menu

Navigate to
Display Type and
select Aux Data
Status
Caption Data Packet (CDP) lengths
 CDP with one service with and with out Service Information.
Video Format
Contains Service
Information
CDP Length
720p
720p
1080i
1080i
Yes
No
Yes
No
52
43
82
73
 CDP with Service Information
Video Format
720p
720p
720p
720p
1080i
1080i
1080i
1080i
Number of Services
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
CDP Length
52
59
66
73
82
89
96
103
Caption Service Descriptor that is carried in the PMT and EIT tables in the MPEG-2 emission transport stream. During the
distribution chain, the EIA 708-B captioning data may be rendered and displayed for quality control purposes.
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
ANC Data Inspector and Closed Caption Data

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Check the DC (Data Count) and Check Sum
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Caption Data Packet (CDP) lengths
 CDP with one service with and with out Service Information.
Video Format
Contains Service
Information
CDP Length
720p
720p
1080i
1080i
Yes
No
Yes
No
52
43
82
73
 For a 720P service with one 708 service we should have a CDP
length of 43
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Caption Data Packet (CDP) lengths
 CDP with one service with and with out Service Information.
One thing to
look for
CDP Length
Correct
No Service
Information
The data for
showing
service
Information
may be
formatted
correctly and
Legal, some
processing
equipment
may not be
able to handle
it correctly
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Service
Information
for two
services
Service
Information
for three
services
Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Interpreting Closed Caption Data Stream
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Missing Window Clear or Toggle Command
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Caption Issues
Blank line
Strange Text
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What caused the Issue
Telestream’s MacCaption / CaptionMaker http://www.telestream.net/captioning/overview.htm
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
Strange Caption issues
 608 Captions show up in the wrong line order
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Strange Caption issues
 608 Captions show up in the wrong line order
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MPEG Stream with Missing Captions
No Caption in the
#1 service
Only 608 in the #2 service
No captions in the #3 service
MPEG Stream with Good Captions
Has 608 & 708 on all
services
MPEG Caption Decode and Analysis
Service to Show
on Screen
Window Parameters
On picture Text overlay
Text Buffer Window
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Understanding & Troubleshooting Closed Captions
What is
in the
Stream
MPEG Header view
 Captions are in User
data fields in the
header of the Video
before the Picture
– Good CC File
Formatted correctly but most
STB’s will not decode the
captions. The Caption are
not the First User data
Packet
Data before Caption
Data in the file
Caption
Data in the file
Only Caption
Data in the file
Closed Caption Data in MPEG (MTS4EA Dump)
Unknown User
data as 1st packet
Closed caption
data as 1st packet
Closed caption
data as 2nd item
Some
Decoders will
not be able to
decode
because
captions are not
the first User
data packet
AFD Code
data as 2nd item
Good Closed Caption
Bad Closed Caption
Interpreting Closed Caption Data Stream
 Ancillary Data is becoming more prevalent within SDI for a variety of functions.
– Embedded Audio, Video Payload ID
 Ancillary Data Inspector simplifies ANC Data monitoring
– Easily shows what ANC data is present within the SDI signal
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Advanced Ancillary Data Analysis
More Information
MOC.KET.WWW
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Advanced Advanced
Ancillary Data
Ancillary
Analysis
Dataand
Analysis
Closed Captions