Transcript MEDICAL IMAGING By Anuja Kulkarni INTRODUCTION   Medical imaging as the name suggests is the technique and process used to create images of parts and.

MEDICAL IMAGING
By
Anuja Kulkarni
1000722132
INTRODUCTION
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
Medical imaging as the name suggests is the technique and
process used to create images of parts and functions of
human body for clinical purposes.
It is a medical procedure seeking to reveal, diagnose or
examine disease. [1]
There are two types of medical imaging, they are Invisible light medical imaging- radiology /clinical imaging

Visible light medical imaging- involves digital video or still
pictures that can be seen without special equipment.
IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES
Radiology: [2]
Two forms of radiographic images are in use in
medical imaging; projection radiography and
fluoroscopy.

Figure 1: Digital Radiography
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND
FIDUCIARY MARKERS
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A magnetic resonance imaging instrument, uses powerful
magnets to polarise and excite hydrogen nuclei in water molecules
in human tissue, producing a detectable signal which is spatially
encoded, resulting in images of the body. [3]
Figure 2: fMRI scan
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Figure 3: Fiducial Marker
Example
Fiduciary Markers
Fiduciary markers are used in a wide range of medical imaging
applications. Images of the same subject produced with two
different imaging systems may be correlated by placing a
fiduciary marker in the area imaged by both systems. [4]
PHOTO-ACOUSTIC IMAGING AND
TOMOGRAPHY
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Photo acoustic imaging is a recently developed hybrid
biomedical imaging modality based on the photo acoustic
effect. [5]
Tomography is the method of imaging a single plane, or
slice, of an object resulting in a tomogram. [5]
Figure 4: Computed tomography of brain
CREATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES
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Recently, techniques have been developed to enable CT,
MRI and ultrasound scanning software to produce 3D
images for the physician. [6]
To produce 3D images, many scans are made, then
combined by computers to produce a 3D model, which can
then be manipulated by the physician.
Other proposed or developed techniques include:
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Diffuse optical tomography
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Elastography
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Electrical impedance tomography
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Optoacoustic imaging
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Ophthalmology
COMPRESSION OF MEDICAL IMAGES
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JPEG 2000 is the state-of-the-art image
compression DICOM standard for storage and transmission
of medical images. [7]
Figure 5: Comparison of JPEG2000 with JPEG
COMPRESSION OF MEDICAL IMAGES
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JPIP (JPEG 2000 Interactive Protocol) is a compression
streamlining protocol that works with JPEG 2000 to
produce an image using the least bandwidth required. [8]
JPIP has the capacity to download only the requested part
of a picture, saving bandwidth, computer processing on
both ends, and time. [9]
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF JPEG 2000
NON-DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
(NEUROIMAGING)
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Neuroimaging has also been used in experimental
circumstances to allow people to control outside
devices, acting as a brain computer interface. [10]
Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories:
• Structural imaging
• Functional imaging which is used to diagnose
Figure 7: 3D MRI section of the head[11]
PROPOSED WORK
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This project introduces the concept of medical imaging and
divulges into its technologies like MRI, tomography, ultrasound
etc. I will also compare the compression techniques of medical
imaging i.e. JPEG2000 and JPIP.
It proposes to demonstrate creation of 3D images of CT/MRI scan
from a normal 2D one. It also shows some circumstances of
neuroimaging i.e non-diagnostic medical imaging as in Figure 6.
REFERENCES
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_imaging
Squire LF, Novelline RA (1997). Squire's fundamentals of radiology (5th ed.). Harvard
University Press. ISBN 0-674-83339-2 ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FMRI.jpg
M. Xu and L.H. Wang ; "Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine". Review of Scientific
Instruments 77 (4): 041101. doi:10.1063/1.2195024; 2006
Herman, G. T., Fundamentals of computerized tomography: Image reconstruction from
projection, 2nd edition, Springer, 2009
Richard S. C. Cobbold, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound, pp. 422–423. 978-0-19516831-0
AYamani A, King Fahd Univ of Pet & Mine- A novel pulse-echo technique for medical
three dimensional imaging- r, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Dec 1997
Khademi A; Krishnan S, Dept of Elect and Comp Eng, Ryerson Univ, Toronto, Ont ;;
Comparison of JPEG 2000 and other lossless compression schemes; Paper in Engineering
in medicine and biology society,;2005
eeweb.poly.edu/~yao/EE3414/JPEG.pdf (figure 5)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JPEG_JFIF_and_2000_Comparison.png (Figure 6)
Microsoft and NASA Bring Mars Down to Earth Through the WorldWide Telescope
(07.12.10) - NASA
Filler, AG: The history, development, and impact of computed imaging in neurological
diagnosis and neurosurgery: CT, MRI, DTI: Nature Precedings DOI:
10.1038/npre.2009.3267.5.Neurosurgical Focus (in press)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimaging (Figure 7)/ Picture reference: sbharris on
wikipedia