Transcript The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN Outline • • • • • Introduction CNGS Facility Performance and Operational Challenges Perspectives Summary Edda Gschwendtner, CERN NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva.

The CNGS
Operation and Perspectives
l
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
CNGS Facility
Performance and Operational Challenges
Perspectives
Summary
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
2
Beam Facilities at CERN
North Area
LHC
 st
2010
5.31015 protons
to LHC
13.71019 protons to
CERN’s Non-LHC Experiments
and Test Facilities
nTOF
LHC
AD
CNGS
ISOLDE
41019 pot
East
Area
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
3
Neutrino Introduction
 CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso):
long base-line appearance experiment:
Gran Sasso
CERN
Gran Sasso
• Produce muon neutrino beam at CERN
• Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso, Italy (732km)
CERN
produce
muon-neutrinos
~4·1019 p/year
732km
~2·1019 nm/year
measure
tau-neutrinos
~2 nt/year (~1·1017 nm/year)
Approved for 22.5·1019 protons on target i.e. 5 years with 4.5·1019 pot/ yr
(200 days/yr, intensity of 2.4·1013 pot/extraction ) Expect ~10 nt events in OPERA
Physics started in 2008  today: 12.7·1019 pot
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
4
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
OPERA
1.2 kton emulsion target detector
~146000 lead emulsion bricks
 A. Ereditato, Tue, 10:15
ICARUS
600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
 F. Pietropaolo, We, 9:50
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
5
CNGS:
Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
 Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
p+C
 (interactions)  p+,
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
K+  (decay in flight)  m+ + nm
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
6
CNGS Beam at CERN
Lake Geneva
LHC
CNGS
SPS
PS
• From SPS: 400 GeV/c
• Cycle length: 6 s
• 2 Extractions: separated by 50ms
• Pulse length: 10.5ms
• Beam intensity: 2x 2.4 · 1013 ppp
• Beam power: up to 500kW
Neu2012, 27-28 Sept. 2010, CERN
• Gschwendtner,
s ~0.5mm
Edda
CERN
CERN
Posc*stcc
(arbitrary units)
nm-fluence
<17GeV>
7
target
magnetic
horns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
Neu2012, 27-28 Sept. 2010, CERN
8
CNGS Primary Beam Line
100m extraction together with LHC, 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso,
120m long focusing section
Magnet System:
• 73 MBG Dipoles
– 1.7 T nominal field at 400 GeV/c
•
20 Quadrupole Magnets
– Nominal gradient 40 T/m
•
12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentation:
• 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
– recuperated from LEP
– Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in air
– mechanically coupled to target
•
8 Beam profile monitors
•
•
2 Beam current transformers
18 Beam Loss monitors
– Optical transition radiation monitors: 75 mm carbon or 12 mm titanium screens
– SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
9
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
994m long,  2.45m
1mbar vacuum
100kW
TBID
2.7m
43.4m
100m
Target chamber: 100m
1095m
18m
5m
67m 5m
Muon detectors:
2x41 LHC type BLMs
1 Target unit: 13 graphite rods 10cm
1 Magazine: 1 unit used, 4 in situ spares
270cm
11.25cm
2 HORNS:
7m long, 150/180kA pulsed
Water cooled
Remote polarity change
1.8mm inner conductor
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
10
CNGS Timeline until Today
11
2011
Physics run
MTE tests
2009
Physics run
2008
Physics run
2007
2006
2000-2005
Civil
Engineering,
Installation
MTE tests
Tritium issue
2010
Physics run
MTE tests
Tritium issue
Damaged target magazine
rotation bearings
Beam commissioning with high intensity
Radiation effects in ventilation system
electronics
Commissioning
Leak in the reflector
cooling circuit, damaged
stripline cable
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
11
CNGS Physics Run:
Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
4.5E+19
4.1E+19
3.6E+19
3.2E+19
2.7E+19
protons on target
5.0E+19
2.3E+19
1.8E+19
Nominal (200days):
4.5E19 pot/yr
2010
(218days):
4.04E19 pot
2009 (180 days) :
3.52E19 pot
2011 (27 July):
3.2E19 pot/yr
2008 (133days) :
1.78E19 pot
1.4E+19
9.0E+18
4.5E+18
days
0.0E+00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
12
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
Fixed
Target
2xCNGS
LHC
CNGS duty cycle: 100%
CNGS duty cycle: 24%
<77%> duty cycle for CNGS
with LHC Operation
CNGS duty cycle: 66%
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
<57%> duty cycle for CNGS with LHC
Operation and Fixed Target program
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
13
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Examples:
 Geodesic alignment
effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm
reflector off axis by 30mm
proton beam on target
off axis by 1mm
< 3%
< 3%
< 3%
CNGS facility misaligned
by 0.5mrad (beam 360m off)
< 3%
High intensity, high energy proton beam with short beam
pulses and small beam spot
•
•
•
Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target, windows, etc…)
Induced radioactivity
Remote handling and replacement of equipment
 Good tuning and interlock system
 Monitoring of beam and equipment
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
14
Beam Position on Target
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 0.5mm
•
shielding
BPM
horn
beam
collimator
target
•
Excellent position stability; ~50 (80) mm
horiz (vert) over entire run.
No active position feedback is necessary
– 1-2 small steerings/week only
shielding
RMS =54mm
Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =77mm
Vertical beam position [mm]
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
15
CNGS Performance Monitoring
Muon detector
ionization chamber
shielding
BPM
...
horn
beam
collimator
target
TBID
shielding
ionization chamber
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
Central muon detector stability
5mm target
14mm
collimator
opening
2009:
0.337 ± 0.002 ch/pot
5mm
target
BPM [mm]
BPM
[mm]
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
16
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Edda
Gschwendtner, CERN
E.
Gschwendtner,
AB/ATB
FermiLab, 20 October 2009
17
ABMB, 14 Oct 2008
Muon Monitors: Online Feedback
Very sensitive to any beam changes! Online feedback on quality of neutrino
beam
– Offset of target vs horn at 0.1mm level
• Target table motorized
• Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Detector
Muon Profiles Pit 1
– Offset of beam vs target at 0.05mm level
Muon Profiles Pit 2
270cm
11.25cm
Centroid = ∑(Qi * di) / ∑(Qi)
Qi is the number of charges/pot in the i-th detector,
di is the position of the i-th detector.
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
18
CNGS Radiation Issues I
CNGS: no surface building above
CNGS target area
 large fraction of electronics in
Failure in ventilation system installed
tunnel area
in the CNGS Service gallery
target
 due to radiation effects in
magnetic
electronics
horns
(SEU – Single Event Upsets-ventilation
due to
units
high energy hadron fluence)
decay
tunnel
hadron
absorber
muon
detector 1
muon
detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
No surface building above CNGS target area
 large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery
 due to radiation effects in electronics (SEUSingle Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
Modifications during shutdown 07/08:
– Move most of the electronics out of
CNGS tunnel area
– Create radiation safe area for
electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
– Add shielding  53m3 concrete  up to
6m3 thick shielding walls
 triggered a huge radiation to
electronics campaign at LHC!!!
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
19
CNGS Radiation Issues II
Temperature probes
shielding
collimator
horn
beam
target
shielding
Helium tube
Temperature probes reacted immediately
on failure of the ventilation system
Alarm in CERN Control Centre
Switch off beam
55
Degree Celsius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
50
Alarm in CCC
45
Stop of
ventilation
40
35
30
25
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
10
:4
88
O
ct
14
:2
84
O
ct
18
:0
80
O
ct
21
:3
6
9O
ct
1:
12
9O
ct
4:
48
9O
ct
8:
24
9O
ct
12
:0
90
O
ct
15
:3
6
ct
7:
12
8O
8O
ct
3:
36
ct
8O
8O
ct
0:
00
20
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
20
CNGS Radiation Issues III
Sump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run: Modification needed for
• Sump system in the CNGS area
 avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target
chamber
– Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the air
– Construction of two new sumps and piping work
•
Ventilation system configuration and operation
– Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areas
– Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
 Radiation monitors
Target
chamber
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
Add 2 new small sumps
(1m3)  pump out water
immediately
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
21
CNGS – Perspectives
Approved for 22.5 ·1019 protons on target
i.e. 5 years with 4.5·1019 pot/ year  Expect ~10 nt events in OPERA
2011, 2012: 4.7E19 pot
2013: 0 pot
LS1
2014: 2.3E19 pot
2015: 4.7E19 pot
Physics program
would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would
have reached ~19E19 pot
2.80E+20
2.60E+20
2.40E+20
2.20E+20
2.00E+20
1.80E+20
1.60E+20
1.40E+20
1.20E+20
1.00E+20
8.00E+19
6.00E+19
4.00E+19
2.00E+19
0.00E+00
22.5E19 pot
POT/year
POT total
4.70E+19
4.70E+19
4.04E+19
4.70E+19
1.78E+19
8.00E+178.00E+17
2.30E+19
3.52E+19
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
22
CNGS Facility: Intensity Limitations
 Design of secondary beam line elements, RP calculations
 (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses, today we have 1.5E7 pulses  spare horn)
 Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC
Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Intensity per PS batch
# PS
batches
Int. per SPS
cycle
200 days,
100%
efficiency, no
sharing
200 days,
55%
efficiency, no
sharing
200 days,
55%
efficiency,
60% CNGS
sharing
[prot./6s cycle]
[pot/year]
[pot/year]
[pot/year]
2.4×1013 - Nominal
CNGS
2
4.8×1013
1.38×1020
7.6×1019
4.56×1019
3.5×1013 - Ultimate
CNGS
2
7.0×1013
(2.02×1020)
(1.11×1020)
(6.65×1019)
Design limit for
target, horn, kicker,
instrumentation
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
Working hypothesis
for RP calculations
Design limit for horn,
shielding, decay tube,
hadron stop
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
CNGS
working
hypothesis
23
Summary
• Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very good
– Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on target.
– Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
• CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approved
– Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
• Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challenging
– Possibility for early repair must exist
– Consider radiation effects on nearby electronics
– Intervention on equipment ‘impossible’ after long operation
•  Remote handling, replacement
– Ventilation system is a key item
• Temperature and humidity control
• Radioactive air management
– H-3 creation in air and water is an issue
– Keep redundancy of monitoring
– Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
24
Additional Slides
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
25
Total today: 12.7.E19 pot
(Approved for 22.5E19 pot)
•Beam commissioning
•Finishing OPERA
Physics run
2011 today
3.2E19 pot
2010 (192 days)
4.04E19 pot
Start-up Issues
2009 (151 days)
3.52E19 pot
NuFact’11, 1 – 6 August 2011, Geneva
Dec-11
Oct-11
Jul-11
Apr-11
Feb-11
Nov-10
Aug-10
Jun-10
Mar-10
Jan-10
Oct-09
Jul-09
May-09
Feb-09
Nov-08
Sep-08
Apr-08
Jan-08
Oct-07
Aug-07
May-07
Feb-07
Dec-06
Edda Gschwendtner, CERN
Jun-08
2008 (108 days)
1.78E19 pot
2007
2006 0.08E19 pot
0.08E19 pot
Sep-06
1.35E+20
1.30E+20
1.25E+20
1.20E+20
1.15E+20
1.10E+20
1.05E+20
1.00E+20
9.50E+19
9.00E+19
8.50E+19
8.00E+19
7.50E+19
7.00E+19
6.50E+19
6.00E+19
5.50E+19
5.00E+19
4.50E+19
4.00E+19
3.50E+19
3.00E+19
2.50E+19
2.00E+19
1.50E+19
1.00E+19
5.00E+18
0.00E+00
Jul-06
integrated POT
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
26