Transcript RULES FOR HEALTH CLASS!! • Laughing is ok, sometimes this can be embarrassing for you. • Please respect your peers.

RULES FOR HEALTH CLASS!!
• Laughing is ok, sometimes this can be embarrassing for
you.
• Please respect your peers. Any comments made in class
deserves your attention and your respect.
• If you have a question or comment, please raise your hand.
No hand, no speak!
• You must use the correct scientific terms for all
reproductive system organs.
• No personal stories!
Topics to be covered:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
STI assignment
Sex v. Sexuality
Developmental Stages of Sexuality
Puberty
Letter from the Bishop activity
Male/Female Reproductive Diagrams
Pregnancy and childbirth
Sexually Transmitted Infection:
Definition:
An infectious disease that
has been passed on through
sexual contact.
Examples:
» Chlamydia
» Genital Herpes
» Gonorrhea
» HIV/Aids
» Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
» Syphilis
» Pubic lice
STI’s - WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Following these suggestions may help you to protect yourself
from contracting an STI:
• Learn about safer sex methods;
• Make informed decisions and talk to your partner(s) about
their STI status and the use of protection;
• Use condoms consistently and correctly;
• Get tested for STIs if you are sexually active; and
• And if you are diagnosed and treated for an STI, be sure to
follow your health care provider's treatment and follow-up
recommendations. You can easily be reinfected if your partner
is not treated as well.
Assignment #1: Computer Lab
• You will get into groups of 4
• You will be assigned a sexual transmitted infection topic.
• Your job is to research the topic while fulfilling the following
expectations:
A) Answer the following questions: (on next page)
B) Each group will present their answers to the class
(teacher evaluation)
C) Each group will print out their STI answers for teacher
evaluation
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5.
6.
Define your STI. (What exactly does this infection do?)
How is this STI spread?
What is the cause of this STI?
What are the symptoms of this STI? (men and women)
What treatments are available for this STI? (a background/timeline in
terms of how treatment has evolved)
What are the effects if not treated
State 2-3 different statistics you have found about this STD
Are there any underlying health risks associated with this disease?
How can people minimize the risk of contracting this disease?
State 5 resources where people can acquire information on your STD
topic
Some Statistics:
• An estimated 12% of boys and 13% of girls have had sexual
intercourse by ages 14 or 15, according to a new study based
on data that the teenagers reported to a national survey.
• According to CCHS data, 25% of 15- to 24-year-olds who had
had sex at least once reported having been diagnosed with a
STI. The true figure is likely higher than reported because of a
possible lack of symptoms or awareness.
Teen Sexuality_video
WHAT’S YOUR SEX IQ?
At this time complete Activity 1 of your package
SEXUALITY VS. SEX
1. SEX
SEX
1. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
2. MALE vs. FEMALE
• SEXUALTIY IS THE TOTAL EXPRESSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S
FEMALENESS OR MALENESS THROUGH THAT PERSON’S
FEELINGS, BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, VALUES AND BEHAVIOURS.
• One’s sexuality is the integration of a multitude of personal
characteristics and factors. It includes our physical,
physiological, psychological, social, emotional, cultural, spiritual
and ethical dimensions of sex and gender.
• Is an integral part of our entire being from the time of birth.
Childhood
(birth – 8 yrs)
ADOLESCENCE
(9 - 18 yrs)
ADULTHOOD
(19 – 64 yrs)
Late ADULTHOOD
(65 – Death)
WHERE DO YOU FIT?
ADOLESCENCE DEFINED:
• A stage of gradually slowing physical growth
and emotional, physical and social
development.
1. PHYSICAL
• Puberty begins (growth
of genitals, breasts,
menstruation or sperm
production
• Possibility of body
exploration with others
• Possibility of sexual
intercourse and
pregnancy
2. EMOTIONAL
• Hormonal changes
(emotional roller coaster)
• Strong need of
independence
• Inability to communicate
true feelings
• Feelings of infatuation
often mistaken as love
3. SOCIAL
• Friendship, family, love, and
support are important
• Closeness of same-sex
friends
• Attraction to opposite sex
• Friendship and peer
acceptance is important
• Future goals-plans for
education
4. MORAL
• Decision-making skills
develop
• Ability to think logically
and reason
• Further development of
moral conscience
through questioning
authority and personal
beliefs
Here we will talk about:
•
•
•
•
What is puberty?
When changes happen to boys?
What are the sex organs?
What are erections and why do they happen?
For more information you can visit:
What’s Happening?
What is Puberty?
• It is the time when our bodies change toward an
adult body.
– Start to develop new feelings
and interests
– Start to make sperm cells
– Or start to make egg cells
• The cells necessary to make a new human
egg + sperm = baby
Puberty Male/Female_video
We will talk about the changes that
happen that others can see
And changes that are private
When we talk about these things
IT IS NORMAL to feel
Curious
Shy
Disgust
Embarrassed
Comfortable
Excited
When we talk about these things
IT IS NORMAL to feel
When do changes happen?
– anywhere between 8 and 17
– most people begin between the ages of 10 and
14
– when you start makes no difference to how
you develop
– no age is better any other one
When do changes happen?
- For some, most of the changes happen in a
few years
- For some, changes happen slowly over
lots of years
THIS IS NORMAL
What changes happen to Boys and Girls?
-Grow taller and heavier
-Bones grow bigger and
heavier
-Nose and jaw get bigger
and face gets longer
-Get more muscles
-Hair and skin can become
oily and you may get
pimples
-Body sweats more
-Hair grows under the
armpits, around the
genitals (pubic hair)
-Hair on arms and legs
grows darker
-Breasts and nipples get
larger
-Body sweats more
-Internal and external
sex organs grow
What changes happen to boys and Girls?
-Hair grows on the face,
under the armpits, around
genitals (pubic hair).
-Voice gets deeper
-Penis and testicles grow
-Scrotum changes
- May have mood swings,
sexual thoughts and
feelings
-Breasts may grow
-May
have mood swings,
sexual thoughts and
feelings
-Get taller and heavier
-Bones grow bigger and
heavier
-Hips get wider and
more curvy
-Face changes shape
-Voice gets a little
deeper
What causes these changes?
What causes these changes?
• Hormones – chemical messengers
that travel in the blood stream
from the place where they are
made (called glands) to the place
where they do their work.
• Each hormone has a specific job.
• The pituitary gland, deep inside
your brain, gets things started. It
sends out hormones to our sex
organs to get them to start making
sex hormones.
What causes these changes?
• It is the sex hormones that
make the changes that cause
children’s bodies grow into
adult bodies.
• Both boys and girls make the
same sex hormones. The main
ones are testosterone and
estrogen.
• Boys make lots of testosterone,
not so much estrogen.
• Girls make lots of estrogen,
not so much testosterone.
What will I look like when I grow up?
• That depends mostly on your HEREDITY, the GENES you got
when an egg cell and a sperm cell from your birth parents
came together to make the cells that developed into you
What will I look like when I grow up?
• Genes mostly determine how tall you will grow, the colour of
your hair, the size and shape of your penis or breasts and
your overall body shape.
• Other things that affect our body are the foods we eat, how
active we are and how much sleep we get.
• Messages are sent in
the body two different
ways:
A) Nerve Pathways
B) Hormones (BLOOD)
HORMONES
• Hormones are made by the body or in a lab
and is transported throughout the body via
the bloodstream. There are 3 major
hormones related to sexual reproduction.
MALES
3. Testosterone
 Promotes sexual
development and helps
prepare the uterus for
implantation of a
fertilized egg
Responsible for the
creation of Ova
• Responsible for the
creation of muscle,
and the male sexual
reproductive cell;
Sperm.
• A Letter to Catholic Secondary Students in
Ontario From the Roman Catholic Bishops of
Ontario
1. What is being promoted as ‘responsible’ behavior in today’s
society?
2. Why is a strong friendship so valuable to people?
3. How would you define intimacy? How do the Bishops define
intimacy? Are the definitions different? Why?
4. How would you define sexuality?
5. What is the Christian vision of sexuality and marriage?
6. How would you define chastity?
What are the sex organs?
These parts are also called the reproductive organs and genitals
The parts are:
Urethra
Penis
Testicles or Testes
Scrotum
What are the sex organs?
Urethra
-
the tube through which urine and semen leaves the
boy’s body
Penis
-
tube-like organ that hangs outside the body
come in all sizes and shapes, determined by our
genes
Testicles or testes
-
usually two, one hangs lower
Sometimes called balls or nuts
Where sperm are made
Scrotum
-
bag of skin that holds testicles
keeps them at right temperature to make sperm,
slightly cooler than body’s temperature
gets bigger and baggier and turns a darker colour
Male Reproductive System
Using the diagram and page 162/3 from your textbook – complete the matching questions
in your hand outs
What happens on the inside?
• Sperm + fluids
= semen
How does the semen come out?
• If semen is going to come
out, the penis is likely to be
erect
• A penis gets erect when
blood rushes into it
• Muscles push the semen
into the urethra and out the
penis
• This is called an ejaculation.
What can cause an erection?
• Boys get erections for all kinds of reasons – they might
happen if you :
–
–
–
–
–
Are thinking about something sexy
When you wake in the morning and have to pee
When you are relaxed
When you are anxious or frightened
For no reason at all
What can cause an erection?
• Boys get their first
erections before they
are born!
What happens on the inside?
• Hormones from the pituitary make the testicles grow and
they start making more testosterone and producing sperm
• After puberty you make 200,000 - 400,000 sperm cells a
day for the rest of your life
• Sperm build up in tubes around the testicles
– They travel along some tubes and mix with fluids from glands
When does ejaculation happen?
• If a boy wakes up and finds a wet, sticky spot on his
bedclothes semen came out when he was sleeping. This
is called a “wet dream”
• If a boy touches or rubs his penis and it gets erect and
semen comes out. This is called masturbation.
• Some boys have wet dreams, some don’t
• Some boys masturbate, some don’t
• However it happens is okay
Does penis size matter?
•
•
•
•
Testicles grow first so your penis may look as if it is shrinking.
It isn’t
It can take a while for your penis to grow.
Penises, like noses and ears and hands, come in all sizes and
shapes and colours. They vary how they curve and stick out
when erect.
• Penises, when erect, are more alike in size than when they are
soft.
• They all work.
Sperm Production_video
So what are normal feelings?
• Some guys think about girls and kissing and touching
• Some guys think about other guys and kissing and
touching
• Some guys don’t think about any of this stuff
• Some have crushes and fall in love
• Some don’t
• Some get angry at parents
What are the sex organs?
• These parts are also called the reproductive organs and genitals.
The parts on the outside are:
Vulva
• The area of soft skin between a female’s legs.
Clitoris
• Small organ made of nerves and tissue.
• At the top where the lips join.
• Only the tip is on the outside, the rest is
hidden inside.
• Sensitive to touch. Can feel tingly and
pleasurable.
Labia
• Soft folds of skin that cover the inner parts
• Grow darker and bigger at puberty.
Urethra
• Not a sex organ.
• Tiny opening that urine comes out from
the bladder.
Vaginal opening
• Entrance to the vagina.
Hymen
• Thin piece of skin that may cover part of
the opening to the vagina.
• Often small or missing.
Anus
• Between the two cheeks of the buttocks.
• It is where bowel movements come out.
The parts on the inside are:
Uterus
• Sometimes called the womb.
• Muscular organ about the size of
a pear.
• Where developing baby, called a
fetus, grows and is fed.
• Where the period comes from.
Vagina
• Warm, soft, moist passageway
joining outside and uterus.
Fallopian tubes
• Narrow tubes between the uterus
and the ovary.
Ovaries
• Glands that make egg cells and
female sex hormones.
Cervix
• The lower part of the uterus.
• Makes mucus to keep sperm alive.
• Has opening where sperm enter
uterus and where the baby comes
out of the uterus.
So what are periods and why do they happen?
•
Girls are born with hundreds of
thousands of tiny eggs, called ova –
one is called an ovum.
•
These egg cells are only half formed.
•
At puberty, hormones tell the ovaries it
is time to start releasing ova.
So what are periods and why do they happen?
•
Usually one egg at a time matures
(develops) and is released from an
ovary. At the same time, the uterus starts
to grow a thick lining on the inside wall.
•
The lining has lots of tiny blood
vessels.
•
The lining is there to protect and
feed an egg that has combined with
a sperm to form a fertilized egg.
So what are periods and why do they happen?
•
If an egg does not meet a sperm, the lining is
not needed.
•
It breaks up.
•
Mixed with some blood it comes out the
uterus into the vagina and then out the
vaginal opening.
•
This is called menstruation but lots of
females just call it their period.
•
If a woman is not pregnant then her ovary
will release another egg, the lining build
up and, if the egg is not fertilized, she has
another period.
•
This is called the menstrual cycle.
When will I get my period?
• No one can tell exactly when it will start.
• Many girls get some white or yellow stuff on their underwear.
• It is mucus and tells the girl that her period is coming sometime within the
next year.
How long will the bleeding last?
• Each female is different. It can vary from 3 – 8 days.
• During a period we only lose a few tablespoons to about half a cup of
blood in that time – not a lot.
How often will I get a period?
• At first there may not be any pattern to when you will
get your next period.
• Some women never have a regular pattern.
• Most women eventually have a regular cycle – they
know approximately when their next period will
happen.
• The length of a cycle is from the first day of bleeding
one month to the first day of bleeding the next time it
happens.
• Each person is different so some women may have a
period every 23 days, some every 28 days and some
every 35 days.
Lots of girls keep a calendar
to help them keep track of when
they have their period
and how long it lasts.
Will it hurt?
• • The
bleeding isislike
a nosebleed
– we
don’t know
it is happening
until we
• The
The bleeding
bleeding is like
like a
a nosebleed
nosebleed –
– we
we don’t
don’t know
know itit is
is happening
happening until
until we
we
become aware that we have blood on our underwear.
become
aware
that
we
have
blood
on
our
underwear.
become
aware
that
we
have
blood
on
our
• Some girls get cramps – tight pains around underwear.
the uterus – before and for a
• Some girls get cramps – tight pains around the uterus – before and for a
or two during
their period.
• day
Some
get cramps
– tight pains around the uterus – before and for a
day or girls
two during
their period.
• Some girls get cramps every period, some once in awhile and some
• day
Some girls get cramps every period, some once in awhile and some
never.or two during their period.
never.
• • If Some
you get
them,
to your
mom
or another
woman
about what
to do for
girls
get talk
cramps
every
period,
some once
in awhile
and some
• If you get them, talk to your mom or another woman about what to do for
them.
them.
never.
• If you get them, talk to your mom or another woman about what to do for
them.
What do I do when I get my period?
• Females use pads or tampons to catch the
blood that comes from the vagina.
• Sanitary pads are made of material that
absorbs the blood.
• Most have a sticky strip on one side to hold the
pad to the underwear.
• A tampon is a small plug of material that fits inside the female’s vagina to
absorb the blood.
• Some girls like to use tampons, especially if they are doing physical activities.
• Some girls only use pads.
People say you get PMS with periods.
What is it and will I get it?
• PMS stands for premenstrual syndrome.
• Some females start to feel weepy, “headachy” and bloated.
• Before and when their period comes. It happens because the hormones
are changing.
• Some females never have PMS.
• Everyone is different!
• If this happens to you talk to an adult you trust.
Menstrual Cycle_Video
So what about Breasts?
• Your genes determine the size and shape of breasts.
• The size does not affect how much milk a mother can
make to feed a baby.
• The first thing you may notice is a bump behind the
nipple.
• Then there will be swelling underneath
• The nipple are gets darker.
• Breasts grow slowly and one side may be bigger for
awhile.
• They may feel sore at times while they are
developing.
Do I have to wear a bra?
• That is up to you.
• Some girls never wear bras.
• Some girls feel more comfortable wearing one.
I’m worried that I will get fat when I go
through puberty. Can I stop it?
• Females’ body shape changes and hips
widen to make more space for a fetus to
develop.
• At puberty, both guys and girls gain weight
and develop different strengths.
• Guys put on more muscle. Compared to a
girl of the same height, weight and build,
the guy may be able to lift more weight and
run faster.
I’m worried that I will get fat when I go
through puberty. Can I stop it?
• Girls build up “adipose tissue” – fat, which is
energy stored in our body in our upper arms,
breasts, thighs and buttocks.
• Energy is needed for breast feeding and looking
after a newborn child.
• Girls can survive things, like hunger and extreme
heat and cold, better than a guy of her size.
What about feelings?
• Both girls and boys can experience lots of feelings as they grow up. As a
group brainstorm some feelings you may experience during this stage of
development.
What about feelings?
• You may have mood swings – happy one day, sad the next.
• You may love your friends or family at times and not want to have
anything to do with them at other times.
• Sometimes you may feel grown-up, other times like a kid
• There may be lots of tears and arguments.
• Changing hormones cause some of these feelings.
Sexual feelings
•
You may think about or have dreams about things such as:
• Kissing someone
• Naked bodies
• Being touched
• Flirting
• Falling in love
• It could be someone your age, someone older, someone you know or someone
you don’t know like a celebrity.
• It might be someone of your sex or someone of the opposite sex or both.
• When females get sexual feelings they can have a tingly feeling around their
sex organs.
• The vagina gets wet.
• Some females touch their sex parts to get the intense feeling called
orgasm. This is called masturbation. Some girls do it, some don’t.
Teen Sexuality
Pregnancy and Childbirth
Conception and The Developing Baby
 CONCEPTION is the joining of the egg and
sperm
 An ovum will be present if ovulation has
occurred
 Sperm can live in the female body for up to 4
days!
 Only one sperm may penetrate the egg
 The fertilized egg is termed a ZYGOTE
 The zygote takes 4-6 days to travel to the
uterus
 Once the zygote burrows into the lining of the
uterus (Endometrium) it develops into an
EMBRYO (5-8 days after conception)
A HUMAN OVUM
Conception:
Uniting of egg
& sperm
Conception
FERTILIZATION
• During sexual intercourse, semen is
ejaculated in the vagina. About 400 million
sperm race to fertilize the ova (egg)
• The distance up the vagina, through the
uterus, and along the fallopian tube is only 6
inches (15cm).
• Sperm are microscopic in size (500 lying heat
to tail approximately measure only 1 inch tall
(2.5cm)
• The trip = equivalent of sprinting 4 miles (6
km)
• 1 hr to make journey
FERTILIZATION
• Sex cells carry genes Genes carry
codes on how a cell should grow
and act.
• Ova carries genes from mother
• Sperm carries genes from father
Twins
SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Signs of Pregnancy
EARLY
LATER
1.Early:
Missed menstrual period,
tiredness, nausea
2.Later:
Frequent urination,
tender swollen breasts (Urine and
blood tests are very accurate in
determining whether a person is
pregnant)
If a woman know she is pregnant, she will undergo
an ULTRA – SOUND in order to see if the baby is
developing correctly
The Developing Baby: THE TRIMESTERS
• 1-3rd month
• A system (the PLACENTA) then
develops to nourish the growing
embryo
• The Placenta is connected to
the embryo by the UMBILICAL
CORD
• Cord contains 2 arteries and 1
vein carries food, oxygen and
carries out carbon dioxide and
waste
• A sac containing AMNIOTIC FLUID forms around the embryo
to protect and cushion it.
• AMNIOTIC FLUID: Clear fluid in the amniotic sac in which
the fetus grows. Cushions the fetus, allows for fetal
movement, helps the lungs develop, stabilizes the baby's
temperature, and provides a barrier against infection
• At the end of the second month the embryo develops into a
fetus (See handout for characteristics of a fetus)
• 3-6 months
• Sex is apparent
• Small chance of survival in the sixth month if outside the
womb. Respiratory system is not fully mature.
• The blood stream of the mother and baby never mix
• Substances crossing the placenta do so by OSMOSIS
• OSMOSIS: Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of
high water concentration through a semi-permeable
membrane to a region of low water concentration
• 6-9 months
• Gains a great deal of
mass
• Pushes against other
organs
• 2-4 weeks prior to
birth, fetus’ head
settles into the pelvis
CHILD BIRTH
• Effort of giving birth to a
baby is known as labour
• Average duration is 12
hours (first birth 6-8 hour
with subsequent births)
How does Labour begin?
Amniotic fluid leaks from
the uterus – ‘water breaking’

 slight bleeding, feeling of
tightness around the
abdomen
 Rhythmical contractions of
the uterus become more
frequent and stronger
The birth process can be broken down into 3 stages:
BIRTH
Stage #1
-Labour
-Contractions
-Dilation of
Cervix
Stage #2
-Delivery of
the baby
Stage #3
-Delivery of
the Placenta
(after-birth)
Kinds of Delivery
Baby’s head emerges first
95% of all
deliveries
Normal
Birth
No instruments
are necessary
Anesthetic is
Usually
required
Kinds of Delivery
Kinds of Delivery
Buttock & Feet
Emerge first
Breech
Birth
Only 3%
Of all
deliveries
May require
Special
treatment
Kinds of Delivery
Major surgery
Caesarean
Birth
Baby is removed
Risk is minimal
By incision made
But
To mother stomach
Longer recovery
And uterine wall
for Mom
Kinds of Delivery
Kinds of Delivery
Kinds of Delivery
Gently sucks
Baby to edge of
Birth canal
Vacuum
For stubborn
Births
Less abrasive
Than Forceps
To learn more about
your changing body please visit: