Transcript CGMS, GSICS & SCOPE-CM 18th Session GCOS Steering Committee Barbara J. Ryan Director, WMO Space Programme 29 September 2010 Geneva.

CGMS, GSICS & SCOPE-CM
18th Session GCOS Steering Committee
Barbara J. Ryan
Director, WMO Space Programme
29 September 2010
Geneva
Coordination Group for Meteorological
Satellites (CGMS)
CGMS is a forum for the exchange of technical information on
geostationary and polar orbiting meteorological satellite
systems
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/CGMS/CGMS_home.html
Contains information on the following topics:
•CGMS scope
• Charter CGMS membership
•CGMS organization and Secretariat (EUMETSAT)
•CGMS origin
•CGMS documents
•Latest satellite status
•CGMS-related scientific user groups (ITWG, IWWG, IPWG, IROWG)
•CGMS Members section
•CGMS Virtual Laboratory for training in satellite meteorology
•Global Space-based Intercalibration System (GSICS)
•Sustained, Coordinated Processing of Environmental Satellite Data for Climate
Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)
•Miscellaneous links to sites of interest to CGMS
From Observations to Users
Satellites
& sensors
GOS/WIGOS
Satellite
data
GSICS
Consistent
Calibrated
data sets
Sustained
QC
products
SCOPE-CM
Wider
access
IGDDS
Users
(Programmes
/ Members
• Vision founded on User Requirements and Gap Analysis
• Space-based Architecture for Weather and Climate monitoring
• Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS)
• Sustained Co-Ordinated Processing of Environmental satellite
data (SCOPE) for climate monitoring and operational applications
• Data/Product Dissemination Strategy (IGDDS/WIS)
 Coordination and technical support mechanisms include:
CM, CGMS, CEOS, CBS/ET-SAT & ET-SUP
Space-based Component of
WMO’s Global Observing System (GOS)
Intercalibration of instruments for comparability of measurements from different instruments
Motivation
• Applications require well-calibrated and inter-calibrated
measurements
– Radiance Assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction
– Data Fusion
– Climate Data Records
• Expanding Global Observing System (GOS)
• Inter-calibration of instruments achieves comparability of
measurements from different instruments
Global Space-based Inter-Calibration
System (GSICS)
• To enhance and sustain calibration and validation of
satellite observations
• To intercalibrate critical components of the Global
Observing System (GOS) – to climate quality benchmark
observations and/or reference sites
• To provide corrected observations and/or correction
algorithms to the user community for current and historical
data
• GSICS Implementation Plan and Programme formally
endorsed at CGMS-34 (Nov. 2006)
Actions
• Quantify the differences – magnitude
and uncertainty
• Correct the differences – physical basis
and empirical removal
• Diagnose the differences – root cause
analysis
Organizations contributing to GSICS
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NOAA
NASA
NIST
EUMETSAT
CNES
CMA
JMA
KMA
WMO
Observers:
JAXA
ESA
CEOS Precipitation
Constellation is working
with GSICS via GPM X-Cal
Working Group
Current focus is on the intercalibration of
operational satellites, and makes use of key
research instruments like AIRS and MODIS as
reference instruments
Global Space-based Inter-calibration
System (GSICS)
POLAR- POLAR intercalibration
•To ensure consistency of
datasets from different
missions and operators
• Implementation Plan adopted
Nov.2006
•8 Organizations currently
contributing (+WMO)
GEO versus Polar-orbiting
Simultaneous Nadir Overpass
(SNO) inter-calibration
method
• Images: NOAA/NESDIS
Calibration is Critical for Climate Change
Detection
Before Intercalibraion
After Intercalibration
Calibration uncertainties translate to uncertainties in climate change
detection. Trend of global oceanic total precipitable water decreases
from 0.54 mm/decade to 0.34 mm/decade after intercalibration.
First international coordinated GSICS project is the
intercalibration of geostationary infrared channels with
IASI and AIRS
IASI
AIRS
Ch6
Ch4
Ch3
Ch2
Web Accessible
GSICS Correction Algorithm for Geostationary Infrared Imagers
GSICS will provide correction coefficients for all GEOs
from 2003 (beginning of AIRS record) to present
The first major deliverable to the user community
is the GSICS correction algorithm for geostationary
satellites.
Before: 3K Bias
The user applies the correction to the original data
using GSICS provided software and coefficients.
The correction adjusts the GOES data to be
consistent with IASI and AIRS.
The figures to the left show the difference between
observed and calculated brightness temperatures
(from NCEP analysis) before and after correction
The bias is reduced from 3 K to nearly zero
After: ~ 0K Bias
Best Practice Guidelines for Pre-Launch
Characterization and Calibration of
Instruments for Optical Remote Sensing
GSICS Guideline Document
User Community Engagement
Meeting 9/09
– Satellite Community – generation of CDRs
• SCOPE-CM
• ISCCP
• National programs - SDS, SAFs,
– Satellite Community - NWP direct radiance assimilation
– Reanalysis Community
• Next reanalysis – 2012 - 2015
• GSICS first major deliverable - intercalibrated geostationary data
using IASI/AIRS from 2003 – 2010+
– Satellite Acquisition Programs
• Prelaunch instrument characterization guidelines
• Cal/Val Plans
User feedback: Geostationary intercalibration, Microwave Intercalibration
Maximizing Data Quality and
Usability
Satellites
& sensors
GOS
Satellite
data
Consistent
Calibrated
data sets
GSICS
Essential
Climate
products
SCOPE-CM
• Sustained Co-Ordinated Processing of
Environmental satellite data for Climate
Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)
• Global products
• Sustained into the future
• Coordinated internationally
Users
SCOPE-CM
• Aim: To address the requirements of GCOS in a cost-effective,
coordinated manner, capitalizing on existing expertise and
infrastructures
• Objective: Continuous and sustained provision of high-quality
ECV satellite products (Climate Data Records) on a global scale
• Structure:
The SCOPE-CM Network is:
» Based on activities of existing initiatives (GOS, GCOS and GSICS)
» Built upon existing operational infrastructures
» Serve users and other organizations (WMO Regional Climate
Centres RCCs, NMHSs, space agencies, climate community)
Satellites
and Sensors
Global Observing
System
GOS
Satellite
Data
Fundamental
Climate Data
Records
FCDRs
Global Satellite Inter-Calibration System
GSICS
ECV satellite
products
Sustained Coordinated Processing
of Environmental Satellite Data
for Climate Monitoring
SCOPE-CM
Users and
Organisations
Users
Users
SCOPE-CM Participants
• Participants of the SCOPE-CM
Network
• Satellite Operators:
– EUMETSAT
– JMA
– NOAA
– CMA
• Stakeholders
– CEOS
– CGMS/GSICS
– GCOS
– GEO
– WCRP
GCOS Essential Climate Variables
(ECVs)
O. Oceans
A.
Atmosphere
A.1 Surface Wind Speed and
Direction
A.2 Upper-air Temperature
A.3 Water A Vapour
A.4 Cloud properties
A.5 Precipitation
A.6 Earth Radiation Budget
A.7 Ozone
A.8 Atmospheric reanalysis
(multiple ECVs)
A.9 Aerosols
A.10 Carbon Dioxide, Methane and
other Greenhouse Gases
A.11 Upper-air Wind
O.1
O.2
O.3
O.4
O.5
O.6
O.7
Sea Ice
Sea Level
Sea Surface Temperature
Ocean Colour
Sea State
Ocean Reanalysis
Ocean Salinity
T.
Terrestrial
T.1 Lakes
T.2 Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets
T.3 Snow Cover
T.4 Albedo
T.5 Land Cover
T.6 fAPAR
T.7 LAI
T.8 Biomass
T.9 Fire Disturbance
T.10 Soil Moisture
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Long-term Observations - Research and Operational
Satellite Data Needed for Further Climate
Information and Services
From NOAA
SCOPE-CM Phases
Phase I
2008
2009
Phase II
2010
• establish initial
network and
structure
• agree on principles
and standards
• pilot projects on
selected subjects
• Assess current
capabilities
• establish feedback
mechanisms
Phase III
2011
2012
2013
2014
• full deployment
of the sustained
sustainable generation of
system of
FCDRs and TCDRs
product
• generate first SCOPE-CM
generation
products
• increase coverage of
• product review
products in terms of ECVs,
and quality
time and spatial
control
dimension
• continuous
• foster extension of the
product
network
improvement
• establish structures for
SCOPE-CM Pilot Projects
Sensors
1 AVHRR
2 SSM/I
3 GEO
4 GEO
5 GEO
Parameters and topics
Clouds and
Aerosols
Water vapour,
clouds, precipitation
Surface albedo,
clouds and aerosols
Winds and clear sky
radiances
Upper tropospheric
humidity
Lead
Contributors
Pilot Project 1
• Processing and validation
started for selected regions
• 30 years of AVHRR data
after re-calibration
•
AVHRR cloud effective
droplet radius
Pilot Project 2
SSM/I – Water Vapor, Clouds, Precipitation
SSM/I 20-year data set water
vapour over ocean:
MPI-Meteorology
University Hamburg
Research
To
Operations
Pilot Project 4
• Clear Sky Radiances from JMA Geostationary
satellites currently processing
15-year Clear Sky Radiance data set from 1995 to 2009
200
9
CSR from GMS-5
22 Jan 1999
CSR from MTSAT-1R
22 Jan 2009
CDR Evolution Requires Research & Operational
Agency Collaboration At Every Step
•
Need to capture essential
elements of CDR generation
experience from last 20 years
– Physical Understanding of
Measurement Process
– Measurement of Key
Instrument Characteristics
– Public Accessibility of Data
Processing
– Rigorous Validation
– Long-term Preservation
Maturity Matrix Identifies Milestones and Researchto-Operations Transition Points
Next Steps
• Need more involvement from research agencies
and/or those working on ECVs
• Broaden testing of maturity model/matrix
• Test concepts with oceanic and terrestrial ECVs
• Continue to advance dialogue between operational
and research communities