Transcript Lab Activity 11: Group I Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231

Lab Activity 11: Group I
Muscles
Martini Chapter 11
Portland Community College
BI 231
Origin and Insertion
• Origin: The place where the fixed end
attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective
tissue.
• Insertion: The site where the movable end
attaches to another structure.
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Muscles of facial Expression
frontalis
Epicranial
Aponeurosis
• Frontal belly
• Action: Elevates
eyebrows and
wrinkles skin of
forehead
• Origin: Epicranial
aponeurosis
• Insertion: skin of
eyebrow and bridge
of nose
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Occipitalis
• Occipital belly
• Action: Pulls scalp
posteriorly; wrinkles
skin on posterior
surface of neck
• Origin: Superior
nuchal line on occipital
bone
• Insertion: Epicranial
aponeurosis (Galea
aponeurotica)
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Nasalis
• Action: Compresses
nostrils, dilates nostrils
• Origin: Maxillary bone
and cartilage of nose
• Insertion: Bridge of nose
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Orbicularis Oculi
• Action: Closes eyelids;
acts during squinting and
blinking
• Origin: Medial aspect of
bony orbit
• Insertion: skin around
eyelids
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Orbicularis Oris
• Action: Closes and
purses lips as in
speaking, kissing and
whistling
• Origin: Maxillary bone;
mandible
• Insertion: lips
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Zygomaticus Major
• Action: Elevates corner
of mouth
• Origin: Zygomatic bone
• Insertion: Angle of
mouth
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Zygomaticus minor
• Action: Raises upper
lip.
• Origin: Zygomatic
bone
• Insertion: Upper lip
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Mentalis
• Action: Protrudes
lower lip; wrinkles
skin on chin
• Origin: Anterior
surface of mandible
• Insertion: skin of chin
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Risorius
• Action: Draws corner
of mouth laterally
• Origin: fascia of
masseter
• Insertion: corner of
mouth
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Muscles of Mastication
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Masseter
• Action: Elevates
mandible to close
jaw; protrudes
mandible
• Origin: Zygomatic
arch
• Insertion: lateral
surface of the
mandibular ramus
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Temporalis
• Action: Elevates
and retracts
mandible to close
jaw
• Origin: Temporal
bone
• Insertion: coronoid
process of mandible
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SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE
OF THE NECK
Sternocleidomastoid
• Action: Flexion and
lateral flexion of
neck; rotates head so
that face is turned
superiorly and to the
opposite side.
• Origin: Manubrium;
medial third of
clavicle
• Insertion: Mastoid
process
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Omohyoid
• Action: Depresses and
retracts hyoid bone
• Superior belly
• Origin: Clavicle and first
rib
• Insertion: hyoid bone
• Inferior belly
• Origin: superior margin
of scapula
• Insertion: clavicle and
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Thyrohyoid
• Action: Depresses
hyoid bone; elevates
larynx
• Origin: thyroid
cartilage of larynx
• Insertion: hyoid bone
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Sternohyoid
• Action: Depresses
larynx and hyoid bone
during swallowing.
• Origin: Manubrium
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
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Stylohyoid
• Action: Elevates and
retracts hyoid bone
during swallowing and
speaking
• Origin: Styloid
process of temporal
bone
• Insertion: hyoid bone
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Mylohyoid
• Action: Elevates hyoid
bone and floor of mouth
during swallowing and
speaking
• Origin: Inferior margin
of mandible
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
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Digastric
Anterior Belly
• Action: Elevates hyoid
bone and base of tongue,
depresses mandible
• Origin: inferior margin of
mandible
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
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Digastric
Posterior Belly
• Action: Moves hyoid
bone back
• Origin: mastoid process
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
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MUSCLES OF THE
NECK & BACK
Scalenes
Anterior
• Action: Laterally
flexes of neck
• Elevates rib 1 during
forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse
processes of cervical
vertebrae.
• Insertion: 1st rib
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Scalenes
Middle
• Action: Lateral
flexion of neck
• Elevates rib 1 during
forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse
processes of cervical
vertebrae.
• Insertion: 1st rib
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Scalenes
Posterior
• Action: Elevates 2nd
rib,
• Elevates rib 2 during
forced inspiration
• Origin: transverse
processes of cervical
vertebrae.
• Insertion: 2nd rib
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Levator Scapula
• Action: Elevates scapula
and inferior rotation of
scapula
• Origin: Transverse
processes of superior
four cervical vertebrae
• Insertion: medial border
of scapula near superior
angle
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Rhomboid Minor
• Action: Adducts scapula
and performs downward
rotation
• Origin: Ligamentum
nuchae; spinous
processes of vertebrae C7
and T1
• Insertion: Medial border
of scapula
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Rhomboid Major
• Action: Adducts
scapula and performs
downward rotation
• Origin: Spinous
processes of vertebrae
T2-T5.
• Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
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Trapezius
• Action: Elevate, retracts
and depresses scapula.
• Origin: Posterior surface of
occipital bone; ligamentu
nuchae; spinous processes
of thoracic vertebrae.
• Insertion: Lateral third of
clavicle; acromion; spine of
scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi
• Action: Extension,
adduction and medial
rotation of arm
• Origin: Spinous processes
of vertebrae T6-T12;
thoracolubar fascia; iliac
crest; inferior three ribs
• Insertion: Intertubercular
groove of humerus
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Erector Spinae
• Action: Extension of
vertebral column
• Iliocostalis
• Spinalis
• Longissimus
• Origin: Thoracolumbar
fascia; posterior surface
of lacrum; iliac crest;
spinous processes of
T11-T12 and L1-L5.
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Erector spinae
• Insertion:
• Iliocostalis: angles of ribs
and transvers processes of
C4-C6
• Longissimus: transverse
processes of thoracic and
cervical vertebrae, etc.
• Spinalis: spinous
processes of thoracic and
cervical vertebrae
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Inferior Serratus Posterior
• Aka: serratus posterior
inferior
• Action: Pulls ribs down,
resisting pull of the
diaphragm
• Origin: spinous processes
of the lower two thoracic
and upper two or three
lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion: lower borders of
the bottom four ribs
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Splenius
• Action: Extension of head
and neck; lateral flexion
and rotation of the head
and neck
• Origin: Spinous processes
of inferior cervical and
superior thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion: mastoid process,
occipital bone, and
transverse processes of
superior cervical vertebrae
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Internal Intercostal
• Action: Depresses rib
cage during forced
expiration
• Origin: Superior
border of inferior rib
• Insertion: Inferior
border of superior rib
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External Intercostal
• Action: Elevates rib
cage during
inspiration
• Origin: Inferior
border of superior rib
• Insertion: Superior
border of inferior rib
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Serratus Anterior
• Action: Holds scapula
to chest wall,
• Protraction and
superior rotation of
scapula
• Origin: External
surfaces of ribs 1-8
• Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
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Pectoralis Minor
• Action: Draws
scapula down and
forward and elevates
ribs
• Origin: External
surfaces of ribs 3-5
• Insertion: Coracoid
process of scapula
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Pectoralis Major
• Action: Flexes, adducts, and
medially rotates humerus,
draws body upward in
climbing
• Origin: Medial half of
clavicle; sternum; costal
cartilages of ribs 1-6
• Insertion: lateral lip of
intertubercular groove on
humerus
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Subscapularis
• Action: Adduction and
medial rotation of arm.
• Origin: Subscapular
fossa of scapula
• Insertion: lesser
tubercle of humerus
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Supraspinatus
• Action: Abduction of
arm
• Origin: supraspinous
fossa of scapula
• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Infraspinatus
• Action: Lateral
rotation of arm
• Origin: Infraspinous
fossa of scapula
• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Teres minor
• Action: Lateral
rotation of the arm
• Origin: Lateral border
of scapula
• Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
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Teres major
• Action: Extension,
adduction and medial
rotation of arm
• Origin: Scapula, near
inferior angle
• Insertion: medial lip of
intertubercular groove
of the humerus
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Deltoid
• Action:
• Anterior fibers: medial
rotation and flexion of
arm
• Middle fibers:
abduction of arm
• Posterior fibers: lateral
rotation and extension
of arm
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Deltoid
• Origin: Lateral third of
clavicle; acromion
process; spine of
scapula
• Insertion: Deltoid
tuberosity of humerus
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Diaphragm
• Action: Increases volume
of thoracic cavity by
pulling central tendon
inferiorly
• Origin: Xiphoid process
and inferior six ribs
• Insertion: central tendon of
diaphragm
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
Rectus Abdominis
• Action: Tenses
abdominal wall and
flexes vertebral
column
• Origin: Pubic crest;
pubic symphysis
• Insertion: Xiphoid
process, costal
cartilages of ribs 5-7
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External Abdominal Oblique
• Action: Compresses
abdomen,
contralaterally rotates
and flexes vertebral
column
• Origin: External
surfaces of inferior 8
ribs.
• Insertion: Linea alba;
pubic crest; pubic
tubercle; iliac crest
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Internal Abdominal Oblique
• Action: Compresses
abdomen, ipsilaterally
rotates and flexes vertebral
column
• Origin: Thoracolumbar
fascia; iliac crest; inguinal
ligament
• Insertion: Linea alba; pubic
crest; inferior three or four
ribs
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Transverse Abdominis
• Action: Compresses
abdomen
• Origin:
Thoracolumbar
fascia; inguinal
ligament; costal
cartilages of inferior
six ribs; iliac crest
• Insertion: linea alba;
pubic crest
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Biceps brachii
• Action: Flexion and
supination of forearm;
flexion of arm
• Origin: Long head:
superior margin of glenoid
fossa of scapula
• Short head: coracoid
process of scapula
• Insertion: radial tuberosity
of radius
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Brachialis
• Action: Flexion of
forearm
• Origin: Anterior
surface of humerus
• Insertion: Coronoid
process of ulna
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Coracobrachialis
• Action: Flexion and
adduction of arm
• Origin: Coracoid
process of scapula
• Insertion: Medial
surface of humerus
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Triceps brachii
• Action: Extension of forearm;
long head extends and adducts
arm
• Origin: Long head: inferior
margin of glenoid fossa
• Lateral head: posterior surface
of humerus
• Medial head: posterior surface
inferior to lateral head
• Insertion: Olecranon process of
ulna
Long
Head
Lateral
Head
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The End
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