Transcript Canton of Zurich Statistics Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region Roman Page [email protected] UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics Geneva 12-14 March 2012

Canton of Zurich
Statistics
Gender Pay Gap
and Wage
Discrimination in
the Greater Zurich
Region
Roman Page
[email protected]
UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics
Geneva 12-14 March 2012
Background
Monitoring the implementation of the gender equality policy Canton of Zurich
 Statistics Canton of Zurich and the Office for Gender Equality jointly
analyze
 the gender-specific development of the wages (median wages),
 the gender pay gap (difference between median earnings of men and
women relative to median earnings of men) and
 the wage discrimination (Regression model and Blinder-Oaxaca
decomposition) in the private sector of the Greater Zurich Region
 with data from the Swiss Earnings Structure Surveys (SESS)
 Additional facts & figures from various FSO data sources as the Labor
Force Survey, Business Census, Population Census, etc. broken down by
sex
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Gender Pay Gap 2002-2010
In 2008, women in the Greater Zurich Region earned 25.0% less than men
(unadjusted)…
8000
Gross monthly earnings in CHF
7000
6599
6552
6000
5238
5143
6336
6236
6134
5969
5966
7042
6958
6760
5363
5221
5082
5000
Women
-25.0%
4000
Men
-23.8%
-23.0%
3000
-22.5%
Total
-21.5%
2000
1000
0
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey. Analysis & Graphic: Statistics Canton of Zurich
…in Switzerland 19.4%..
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Part time penalty 19%
31% of the persons employed work part time, in the group of women 52%, in
the group of men 13%…
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey. Analysis & Graphic: Statistics Canton of Zurich
… average part time wages (converted to full time) are 19% lower than full
time wages.
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Female labor market participation 2008
Self-selection effect?
 The high gender pay gap in the Greater Zurich Region (25%) is
accompanied by a
 high rate of female labor market participation (76% employment rate of
women),
 a high rate of female part time work (52%) and
 a high female employment rate for women with lower education (62%)
 high percentage of female low wage employees (63%), low percentage
of female high wage employees (15%)
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey, Swiss Labor Force Survey. Analysis: Statistics Canton of Zurich
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Wage Discrimination 2008
36% of the wage gap cannot be explained by means of the applied
regression model…
10000
Median wage
Wage gap
Explainable wage gap
Unexplainable wage gap
9000
Gross monthly earnings in CHF
8000
7000
625 = 9%
1737 = 25%
6000
Unadjusted
Pay Gap
Adjusted Pay
Gap
5000
4000
6958
3000
5221
2000
1000
0
Men
Women
Wage gap
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey. Analysis & Graphic: Statistics Canton of Zurich
…women with the same human capital endowment as men earned in
average 9% less (adjusted).
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Development 2002-2010
Unadjusted gender pay gap increased over the last decade (+2.8 pp), but
discrimination effect decreased (-10 pp)…
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
21.5%
23.0%
22,5%
25.0%
23,8%
Endowment effect
Share of explainable gap
58%
62%
66%
64%
68%
Discrimination effect
Share of unexplainable gap
42%
38%
34%
36%
32%
Gender pay gap
(adjusted)
9.0%
8.7%
7.7%
9.0%
8.7%
Gender pay gap
(unadjusted)
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey. Analysis & Table: Statistics Canton of Zurich
…adjusted gender pay gap slightly decreased (-0.3 pp).
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Economic branches 2008
High gender pay gap does not automatically correlate with high wage
discrimination…
100
Proportion of unexplainable wage gap in %
Construction
80
Food
Retail
60
Gastro
40
Publishing
Transport
Machinery
Mean
Wholesale
all branches (36%)
Financial sector
20
IT
Healths & Social
Mean
all branches (25%)
0
0
10
20
30
40
Gender wage gap in %
Source: Swiss Earnings Structure Survey. Analysis & Graphic: Statistics Canton of Zurich
…Financial sector shows biggest gender pay gap (33%), but below average
wage discrimination (31%).
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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Thank you for your attention!
Online:
www.statistik.zh.ch
Statistics Canton of Zurich
www.ffg.zh.ch
Office for Gender Equality Canton of Zurich
Roman Page
Statistics Canton of Zurich
[email protected]
Gender Pay Gap and Wage Discrimination in the Greater Zurich Region
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