Transcript ENVISIONING EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE REGIONS Sam TeppermanGelfant Public Advocates Inc. October 1 8, OVERVIEW 1. History and Context – Sprawl and Inequity 2.

ENVISIONING EQUITABLE
AND SUSTAINABLE REGIONS
Sam TeppermanGelfant
Public Advocates
Inc.
October 1 8,
2013
OVERVIEW
1. History and Context –
Sprawl and Inequity
2. San Francisco Bay Area –
Envisioning and Advocating for A
Better Future
3. Tools for Linking Transportation and
Land Use
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PUBLIC ADVOCATES INC.
Challenging the systemic causes of poverty
and racial discrimination since 1971.
Strengthening community voices and
achieving tangible legal victories
Advancing SOCIAL EQUITY in areas such as:
 Education
 Housing
 Transit
Vital building blocks of thriving
communities
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SUSTAINABILITY AND
SOCIAL EQUITY:
HISTORY & CHALLENGES
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SB 375: SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
AND CLIMATE PROTECTION ACT OF 2008
Legislative goals:
Decrease sprawl
Increase TOD/Infill
People drive less
…decreasing GHG
emissions
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SB 375
Housing
Transit
SCS
 Calls for GHG reduction targets
 Integrates disjointed regional planning processes
Regional Transportation Plan
State Mandated Affordable Housing Plans,
Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA)
…to create Sustainable Communities
Strategy
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History shows us that climate
change, sprawl, and social
equity issues share common
origins
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BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION
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WHITE FLIGHT TO SUBURBS
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DISMANTLING OF
LOCAL TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE
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CREATED UNSUSTAINABLE PATTERNS . . .
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. . . THAT PERSIST TODAY
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A HISTORY OF INVESTMENT. . .
WITH DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT TODAY
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA: HOUSING
 Median home price = $555,000 (on the way back to
$700k+)
 5+ minimum wage jobs needed to afford 2 -bedroom
apartment in most SF neighborhoods
 Oakland lost 1/3 of African American population
between 1990 and 2010
 7 out of the 10 cities with highest African American
population % are in in suburbs & exurbs
 Marin County: 80% white (region: 52.5% white)
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA: TRANSIT
 Fare hikes and service
cuts in transit
Subsidies and Race of Riders
 Households earning
$20-50k devote 63% of
budget to housing &
transportation (highest
% in U.S.)
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ADVOCATING FOR
SUSTAINABLE AND
EQUITABLE REGIONS
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THE BAY AREA’S
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNIT Y STRATEGY
28-Year Transportation (RTP)
and Land Use Plan
$292 Billion in Transportation Investments
2.1 Million Projected New Residents
Planning Process Began in 2010;
Plan Adopted July 18, 2013
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Community
Power
Local Transit
Service
Investment
Without
Displacement
Healthy &
Safe
Communities
Affordable
Housing
6 BIG
WINS
FOR
SOCIAL
EQUITY
Economic
Opportunity
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STRUCTURING FOR SUCCESS
Leading with Social Equity
Embracing a Range of Issues as
Interconnected
Marrying Grassroots and Policy
Organizations
Tackling Regional Systems, both
Regionally and Locally
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Photo credit:
COMMUNIT Y VISION: POLICY PRIORITIES
 Distribute Housing Growth Equitably :
Increase quality affordable housing options in both
urban areas and suburban job centers
 Protect against Displacement:
Ensure that lower-income communities are not
displaced by TOD by regional grant incentives (OBAG)
 Improve Local Transit Service:
Fund more of the local transit service on which low income riders of color depend
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LOW-INCOME IN-COMMUTERS
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JOBSHOUSING
FIT
h t t p : / / m a p p in g
regionalchange
. u c d av i s .e d u / j o
b s h o u s i n g fi t 2 0
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ACHIEVING INVESTMENT WITHOUT
DISPLACEMENT
 Investments and incentives strengthen and stabilize
communities vulnerable to gentrification and
displacement
 Plan based on community-identified needs
 Protect existing tenants and apartments
 Build new affordable housing
 Link economic development to local workforce capacity &
development
 Strengthen local public transit
 Promote and protect neighborhood-serving retail and services
 Track key indicators to detect gentrification and displacement
before it’s too late
http://www.publicadvocates.org/document/a -bay -area-agenda-forinvestment-without-displacement
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LOCAL TRANSIT:
THE LIFE BLOOD OF TRANSPORTATION
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TRANSIT OPERATIONS:CO-BENEFITS
• Ever y $10 million in transit
operating investments yields $32
million in increased business
sales.
• $1 dollar in ser vice cuts resulting
from operating deficits yields $10
in local economic harms, from
lost wages and productivity and
increased transportation costs.
• Taking public transit instead of
driving on a 20 -mile round trip
work commute saves 4,800 lbs
CO2/year – 10% of annual GHG
emissions for a two -person twocar household.
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INEQUITABLE TRANSIT INVESTMENTS
minority and non-minority populations or riders in the draft Plan investment strategy.
Technical Performance Measures: Key Findings
SUSTAINABLE PLANNING FOR WHOM?
Results of the analysis of five technical performance measures were intended to compare
outcomes under different planning scenarios, including the Draft Plan, for communities of
concern (or low-income households) compared to the rest of the region. A comparison of
the distribution of impacts between the Draft Plan and the No Project (business-as-usual) Low-income
alternatives characterize the specific impacts of adopting the Plan versus what is forecast to
households will
occur in the future if the Plan is not adopted.
be
spending over 74%
Table ES-2 summarizes the results of the five technical performance measures for the EIR
of their incomes on
alternatives studied, with key findings from each noted below.
H+T
Table ES-2. Summary of Equity Analysis Technical Performance Measures: EIR Scenarios
2010
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No
Project
Draft
Plan
(Project)
% Change
Transit
Priority
Focus
Network
of Comm.
Env.,
Equity
& Jobs
Base
Year to
Project
No
Project
to
Project
Target Population
Base
Year
Households <$38,000/yr
72%
80%
74%
77%
74%
73%
3%
-7%
Households >$38,000/yr
41%
44%
43%
43%
42%
43%
4%
-4%
Communities of Concern
n/a
21%
36%
25%
31%
21%
n/a
Remainder of Region
n/a
5%
8%
7%
9%
6%
n/a
Communities of Concern
9,737
11,447
11,693
11,536
12,123
11,259
20%
Remainder of Region
9,861
11,717
11,895
11,804
12,261
11,626
21%
Average
Commute
Time
Communities of Concern
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5%
Remainder of Region
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2%
Average
Non-Commute
Time
Communities of Concern
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5%
Remainder of Region
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1%
Measure
Housing +
Transportation
Affordability
Potential for
Displacement
VMT Density
36% of
67%
households in
2%
“communities
of
2%
concern” will be
-1%
-6%at high risk of
0%
displacement.
68%
0%
Source: MTC and ABAG estimates.
Housing and Transportation Affordability
This measure estimates current and future combined housing and transportation costs as a
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2012: STUDYING THE EEJ
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2013: EEJ DECLARED THE
“ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR
ALTERNATIVE”
 Strongest shift to non-auto travel
 165,00 more transit boardings per day
 83,000 fewer cars on the road
 3.5 million fewer miles of auto travel per day
 Greatest reduction in GHG and toxic air pollutants
 1,900 fewer tons of CO 2 emissions per day
 568,000 fewer tons of GHG emissions per year
 Energy savings equivalent to 600,000 gal. of gas/day
 Better for working families
 42% lower risk of displacement
 Lower H+T cost
 Shorter commute times
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DATA + ORGANIZING = CHANGE
Education and Advocacy Day
Media & Communications
Turnout & Testimony
Broadening Support
KEY IMPROVEMENTS WON
 Improvements to One Bay Area Grant program to link to
local affordable housing and anti-displacement policies
and reward local affordable housing approvals.
 Commitment to inclusive regional public process to
allocate Cap & Trade Revenues with at least 25% going
to benefit disadvantaged communities
 First ever commitment by MTC to develop a
“comprehensive strategy” to focus on funding transit
operations and maintenance
 Studies of labor policies and best practices
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HIGH LEVEL OUTCOMES
 Progressive groups provide strong organizing and
political mobilization in face of vocal right -wing antiplanning contingent
 Substantial equity problems remain
 Housing growth concentrated in low -income areas
 Insufficient funding programmed to maintain (or
expand) local transit
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TOOLS FOR LINKING
TRANSPORTATION AND
LAND USE
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FTA NEW STARTS CRITERIA,
AUGUST 2013
 Weighting Social Equity Factors in Allocation of
Transit Expansion Funds
 The Land Use rating factor includes the proportion of existing
“legally binding affordability restricted” housing within 1⁄2 -mile
of proposed station areas to the proportion of “legally binding
affordability restricted” housing in the counties through which
the project will travel.
 The Economic Development Effects factor includes “plans and
policies to maintain or increase affordable housing” in the
project corridor.
 The Mobility Improvements rating factor assesses the number
of incremental trips taken on the proposed project, and
assigns additional weight to “transit-dependent persons.”
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BUILDING A BETTER CARROT:
THE ONE BAY AREA GRANT PROGRAM
 The Challenge:
how to work regionally
on advancing local
policies
 One solution:
use regionally
administered funds to
incentivize local
jurisdictions to enact
equitable and
sustainable policies
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REQUIREMENTS & INCENTIVES:
THE ONE BAY AREA GRANT
 The Implementation: The One Bay Area Grant (OBAG)
program
 $320 Million over 4 years ($14.6 billion over 28
years)
 HCD-certified Housing Element required
 50-70% of funding to Priority Development Areas
 Affordable Housing and Neighborhood Stabilization
policies used as evaluation criteria
 Project selection and funding done at the county level
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OBAG Lessons and Next Steps
 Tying regional competitive funds to local affordable
housing and anti-displacement policies incentivizes a
race to the top
 In the first round of OBAG funding, local grants were
contingent on local adoption of a state-certified
housing element
 Relatively small amounts incentivized the worst
actors in the region to adopt affordable housing
plans
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THANK YOU!
Sam Tepperman-Gelfant
Senior Staff Attorney, Public Advocates Inc.
[email protected]
www.publicadvocates.org
Facebook: PublicAdvocates
Twitter: @publicadvocates
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