2013 REVIEW OF NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
Download ReportTranscript 2013 REVIEW OF NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
2013 REVIEW OF NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION • THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS • MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS TECTONICS 2150 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 2150 BC • CONSEQUENCES • SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED 525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • 525 BC • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI 140 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 140 BC • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE 31 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 31 BC • AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7 • JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS DECEMBER 3M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • DECEMBER 3, 115 • ANTIOCH AD DEVASTATED • LEVANTINE COAST 306 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • 306 AD • TSUNAMI • LEVANTINE COAST 349 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 349 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES • EVENT • AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • JULY 6, 551 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT • CONSEQUENCES • TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA • TSUNAMI • TECTONIC DEFORMATION JUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JUNE 658 AD • SYRIA-PALESTINE • CONSEQUENCES • DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • JANUARY 18, 746 AD • M7.3 • JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY • TSUNAMI OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • OCTOBER 881 AD • TSUNAMI AT ACRE • LEVANTINE COAST MAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • MAY 1063 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED AUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 15, 1157 • MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS • BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE • DAMASCUS DESTROYED JUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JUNE 29, 1170 AD • MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS • BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • JUNE AND JULY, • SEISMIC SWARM 1201 • DESTRUCTION IN • LEVANTIAN COAST CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE • TSUNAMIS MAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT MAY 20, 1202 MAGNITUDE 7.5 BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE • TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BA’ALBEK DESTROYED AUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 8, 1303 • EGYPT • CONSEQUENCES • DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA DECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • DECEMBER 1403• TSUNAMI JANUARY 1404 • LEVANTINE COAST SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES • EVENT • SEPTEMBER 10, 1509 • MARMARA SEA • CONSEQUENCES • ISTANBUL DESTROYED JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • JULY 21, 1752 • TSUNAMIS • LEVANTINE COAST NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES NOVEMBER 25, 1759 • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE MAGNITUDE 7.4 • BEIRUT AND BEKAA VALLEY DAMASCUS DEVASTATED • 30,000 DEAD AUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 13, 1822 • ALEPPO, SYRIA • CONSEQUENCES • 20,000 KILLED • 17,000 HOUSES DESTROYED JANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JANUARY 1, 1837 • TIBNIN, JORDAN • CONSEQUENCES • 4,000 KILLED DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • DECEMBER 12, 1856 • JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • TIBERIAS DESTROYED • TSUNAMIS JULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT JULY 11, 1927 MAGNITUDE 7.2 JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED • 340 DEAD • MANY HOUSES DAMAGED DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCANREFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT DECEMBER 26, 1939 MAGNITUDE 8 MANY AFTERSHOCKS • ERZINCANREFAHIYE, TURKEY • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 43,000 KILLED • 76,000 INJURED • 200,000 HOUSES DESTROYED MARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT MARCH 16, 1952 MAGNITUDE 6 COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT • CONSEQUENCES • 136 DEAD • 6.000 HOUSES DESTROYED OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE • EL ASNAM, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE • OCTOBER 10, 1980 • 2,500 DEATHS • 300,000 HOMELESS • > $ 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 % OF ALGERIA’S GDP) NOVEMBER 23, 1980 IRPINIA, ITALY EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT NOVEMBER 23, 1980 MAGNITUDE 6.9 IRPINIABASILICATA, ITALY • CONSEQUENCES • 2,914 KILLED AND 10,000 INJURED • 300,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED • AN ESTIMATED $50 BILLION IN LOSSES DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT DECEMBER 13, 1982 MAGNITUDE 6 DAHMAR, YEMEN • CONSEQUENCES • 15,000 KILLED OR INJURED • 500,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT MARCH 13, 1992 MAGNITUDE 7.1 ERZINCAN, TURKEY • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 653 DEAD • 3,850 INJURED • 50,000 HOMELESS OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE • • • • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES OCTOBER 12, 1992 • 7,000 KILLED OR INJURED MAGNITUDE 5.9 DAHSHOUR, EGYPT • 1,000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT • EVENT • CONSEQUENCS • NOVEMBER 23, 1995 • DAMAGE TO MAGNITUDE 7.5 BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS • GULF OF AQABA OF JORDAN, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA • CONSIDERED A “WAKE UP CALL” AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE • • • • • • CONSEQUENCES EVENT • NORTH 3:02 AM AUGUST ANATOLIAN FAULT 17, 1999 ZONE MAGNITUDE 7.4 • 17,127 KILLED KOCAELI, TURKEY • 43,953 INJURED INDUSTRIAL • 250,000 HOMELESS HEARTLAND AND • ECONOMIC LOSSES 12,500 SQUARE KM IN BILLIONS IMPACTED KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE • INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED • OIL REFINERY • AUTO PLANT • 30,500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED • ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 6:57 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999 • MAGNITUDE 7.2 • DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 500 DEAD • 3,000 INJURED • TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED MAY 21, 2003 BOUMERDES, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 7:45 PM MAY 21, 2003 • MAGNITUDE 6.8 • BOUMERDES PROVINCE, ALGERIA, 60 KM FROM ALGIERS • CONSEQUENCES • AFRICA-EURASIA PLATE COLLISION; ZEMMOURI FAULT • 2,266 DEAD; 10,261 INJURED • 1,241 BUILDINGS DAMAGED ; 150,000 HOMELESS BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE BAM, IRAN EARTHQUAKE 2003 M6/6 OVER 31,000 DEAD CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: BEFORE EARTHQUAKE: CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: AFTER EARTHQUAKE: APRIL 6, 2009 L’AQUILLA (ABRUZZO) EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 3:30 AM APRIL 6, 2009 • MAGNITUDE 6.3 • L’AQUILLA, ITALY, 70 KM FROM ROME • CONSEQUENCES • NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM • 300 DEAD • AN ESTIMATED 11,000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED TWIN MODERATE-MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKES STRIKE IRAN SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 2012 Iran has many well-known seismically active faults, which have generated devastating earthquakes in recent years, including a M6.6 earthquake in 2003 that destroyed the city of Bam and killed more than 31,000 people THE EARTHQUAKES (Source: US Geological Survey) • Saturday's first quake of M6.4 and a depth of 9.9 km (6.2 miles) struck just before 5 pm 60 km (37 miles) northeast of the city of Tabriz. • Saturday’s second quake of M6.3 at a similar depth struck 49 km (30 miles) northeast of Tabriz 11 minutes later. The earthquakes struck in East Azerbaijan province, a mountainous region that neighbors Azerbaijan and Armenia to the north and is predominantly populated by ethnic Azeris, a minority group. INITIAL IMPACTS • Over 1,000 villages were affected, with over 5,000 buildings in 100 villages partially or totally destroyed as concreteblock and mud-brick buildings collapsed. • At least 20 villages could not be reached because of impassable roads. • People in some villages were in dire need of food and drinking water. VARZAGHAN: DAMAGE INITIAL IMPACTS • Over 300 dead (more likely), with over 60 percent being women and children, partly due to the time of day (5 PM) that the quake struck. • Over 1,800 injured. INITIAL IMPACTS (continued) • 36,000 people in the quake-hit area were provided with emergency shelter. • Many slept on the street and in parks. • A field hospital set up in Varzaghan on Sunday to treat the injured was staffed by just two doctors, but ,with shortages of medical supplies and food, was hard pressed to meet the urgent needs. INITIAL IMPACTS (continued) • Hospitals Hospitals in Tabriz (49 km distance) treated many of the injured from the surrounding villages. • Water, electricity, and phone lines in the Varzaghan area were all down, further hindering rescue efforts • Preliminary loss estimate: $650 million USD