Transcript Poetic Rhythm and Rhyme RHYTHM BEAT CADENCE METER Meter • Patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables • The basic unit of meter is a foot. •

Poetic Rhythm and Rhyme
RHYTHM
BEAT
CADENCE
METER
Meter
• Patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables
• The basic unit of meter is a foot.
• Most common feet in English poetry:
 Iamb
/
 Trochee
/
 Anapest
/
 Dactyl
/
 Spondee
//

/ Iambic
 /

/   / 
/
I asked my mo·ther for fif·ty cents
 /
 /  / x
/ 
/
To see the el·e·phant jump the fence

/

/ 
/

/
He jumped so high, he touched the sky

/  /

/
 
/
  /
And he did not come back ‘til the Fourth of Ju·ly
Shakespeare’s SONNET 138
When my love swears that she is made of truth
I do believe her though I know she lies,
That she might think me some untutor’d youth
Unlearned in the world’s false subtleties.
Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young,
Although she knows my days are past the best,
Simply I credit her false speaking tongue:
On both sides thus is simple truth suppress’d.
But wherefore says she not she is unjust?
And wherefore say not I that I am old?
O, love’s best habit is in seeming trust,
And age in love loves not to have years told:
Therefore, I lie with her and she with me
And in our faults by lies we flatter’d be.
Trochaic / 
/  / 
/
 /  /  / 
Pe·ter Pi·per picked a peck of pick·led pep·pers
x /  / 
/
 /  /  / 
If Pe·ter Pi·per picked a peck of pick·led pep·pers
/

/  /  / 
Where’s the peck of pick·led pep·pers
 /  /  / (iambic)
That Pe·ter Pi·per picked?
The Tyger by William Blake
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright,
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire in thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare seize the fire?
When the stars threw down their spears,
And watered heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb, make thee?
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright,
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
And what shoulder, and what art?
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand, and what dread feet?
What the hammer? What the chain?
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? What dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
Anapestic   /


/

/  
/
There was an old man in a tree


 
/
/  
/
Who was hor·rib·ly bored by a bee



/
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/
When they said, "Does it buzz?“

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/

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He re·plied, "Yes, it does!
 
/  
/
 
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It's a reg·u·lar brute of a bee!"
Edward Lear
/   Dactylic (po·e·try)
/   /  / 
/ 
/
  / 
This is the forest prim·eval. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks,
dactylic hexameter: Longfellow, Evangeline
/   /  
/   /  
Picture your self in a boat on a river with
/  
/


/  
/  
tangerine tree-ees and marmalade skii-ii-es.
Dactylic tetrameter ¾ time: The Beatles, “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds “
Spondaic / /
Rarely an entire line of poetry
/ /
/  /
See Saw, Margery Daw
/ /
/
/
I scream. You scream.
/ 
/
 / 
We all scream for ice cream
From the bells, bells, bells, bells,
Bells, bells, bells From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells. -- E.A. Poe
Metrical Lines
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
One foot
Two feet
Three feet
Four feet
Five feet
Six feet
Seven feet
Eight feet
monometer
dimeter
trimeter
tetrameter
pentameter (iambic pentameter)
hexameter (dactylic hexameter)
heptameter
octameter
Stanzas
• 2 line stanzas: couplets
• 3 line stanzas:
 tercets
 triplets: aaa bbb ccc
ddd
 terza rima: aba bcb cdc
ded
•
•
•
•
•
4
5
6
7
8
line
line
line
line
line
stanzas:
stanzas:
stanzas:
stanzas:
stanzas:
quatrains
quintets
sestets
septets
octaves
Rhyme Scheme
Mary had a little jam,
she spread it on a waffle.
And if she hadn't eaten ten
she wouldn't feel so _____.
The ends of lines repeat the
same sounds.
A
B
C
B
The snow came down
And covered the town
The snow came down last night
The snow came down
And covered the town
And left it snowy _____.
A
A
B
A
A
B
Shakespeare’s SONNET 138
When my love swears that she is made of truth
I do believe her though I know she lies,
That she might think me some untutor’d youth
Unlearned in the world’s false subtleties.
a
b
a
b
Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young,
Although she knows my days are past the best,
Simply I credit her false speaking tongue:
On both sides thus is simple truth suppress’d.
c
d
c
d
But wherefore says she not she is unjust?
And wherefore say not I that I am old?
O, love’s best habit is in seeming trust,
And age in love loves not to have years told:
e
f
e
f
Therefore, I lie with her and she with me
And in our faults by lies we flatter’d be.
g
g
Kinds of Rhyme
•
•
•
•
Exact: eye/sky/pie; sing/ding/ring
Near or Half: sing/dung/rang
Eye: tough/through/dough
Internal:
"Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December"
/
/
• Masculine: rang/sang
/

/

• Feminine: ringing/singing
Rhyme Patterns
Onomatopoeia – words that
sound like what they
represent
Alliteration –repetition of sounds
Initial: The wild and woolly walrus waits
and wonders when we’ll walk by.
Internal: baobab; purple potpourri
Final: “Knox in box. Fox in socks. Knox on
fox in socks in box. “ – Dr. Suess
Assonance – same vowel
sounds
Fleet feet sweep by
sleeping geese
Three free throws.
Buzz
Hiss
Roar
Woof
Tick-tock
Repeated words
…and Sky was
chasing chasing chasing
with his feet going
every which way
and his tail
wag-wag-wagging
BELLS by Edgar Allen Poe
I.
Hear the sledges with the bells Silver bells!
What a world of merriment their melody foretells!
How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,
In the icy air of night!
While the stars that oversprinkle
All the heavens seem to twinkle
With a crystalline delight;
Keeping time, time, time,
In a sort of Runic rhyme,
To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells
From the bells, bells, bells, bells,
Bells, bells, bells From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells.