Transcript Finnish Meteorological Institute Observation Services Keijo Leminen and Jani Poutiainen 1. FMI observation networks 2.

Finnish Meteorological Institute
Observation Services
Keijo Leminen and
Jani Poutiainen
1. FMI observation networks
2. Customer process
1. Customer process in FMI observations
2. Customer survey results
3. Observation networks, views to 2015
7.11.2015
Observations as a part of weather services
FMI Observation networks
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Almost 200 automatic weather stations
100 manual precipitation stations
8 weather radars
3 radio sounding stations
4 instrumented masts
8 lightning detection sites
9 weather camera stations
15 air quality stations
9 radioactivity stations
12 magnetometers
7 aurora borealis cameras
13 sea level height measurement sites
20 solar radiation stations
Manual weather station
Automatic weather station
Automatic and manual combined
Mast (including research masts)
Radar
Manual precipitation station (daily)
Manual precipitation station (monthly)
More than 400 observation sites in Finland
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National network – central methods of observation
Surface weather station
Radio sounding
Weather radar
Mast observations
Space weather
Lightning location
Air quality obs
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Changes in different observation networks
PRECIPITATION
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The amount of real time observations (10 minutes interval)
2005
2010
Development of real time AWS observations
2006
2010
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High level process of the Observation Services and customer process as a part of it
Customer process
Customer process: Goals and practices
• FMI Observation Service production:
• Observation data services (weather, sea, air quality, magnetism),
• Technical and expert services for research and consulting
• The target of the customer process:
• Thorough up to date understanding on customer needs and
satisfaction.
• Feedback loop for operations.
• Identification of services which the clients value the most
• Find out the relative importance of the customers (priorities).
• Prepare plans to support the unit management and annual
investment plans
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Customer survey 2009
•Survey directed to FMI internal customer groups
•Survey conducted by 9-point scale
•First quantative results on service quality
Service quality level definitions:
•Expected service level
•Perceived service level
•Lowest acceptable service level
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Service quality survey: Quality attributes
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Willingness to provide service and collaborate.
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Radio soundings.
Customer is actively informed on changes about working
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Air craft observations.
environment, observation network and service offerings.
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GPS observations (atmospheric water vapor content).
Customer gets information about working environment,
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Mast observations.
observation network and service offerings, if asked.
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Satellite observations.
Staff understands the needs of the customer.
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Weather camera observations.
Customer given feedback is taken into account.
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Research support observations (e.g. Sodankylä or Helsinki
Staff has time to answer to questions/needs.
Testbed).
Services are produced on agreed schedule.
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Observation equipment and methods are up-to-date.
Error situations are handled quickly.
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Spatial amount (2D) of observations.
Responsibility distinction between your unit and the Observation
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Volumetric amount (3D) of observations.
Services is clear.
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Temporal resolution of observations.
Staff's expertise on the field of observation production.
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Real-timeliness of observations (delays).
Easiness in dealing with the Observation Services.
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Width of variable selection.
Quality of services as a whole.
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Observation accessibility (data breaks).
The Observation Services' activities are cost-efficient.
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Easiness in using observations.
Weather radar observations.
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Easiness in using metadata.
Lightning location observations.
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Quality of observations.
Surface observations (basic variables: temperature, humidity,
pressure, wind).
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Feasibility of produced observations to my purposes.
Surface observations (basic variables: rain and snow).
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Your unit.
Surface observations (present change pressure: ground
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How often do you use some information or service provided
minimum temperature measurement).
by the Observation Services? 1=never, 2=very seldom,
3=annually, 4=semi-annually, 5=monthly, 6=weekly, 7=daily,
Surface observations (other variables: radiation, clouds, present
8=hourly, 9=more often.
weather etc.).
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How did you feel about answering to this survey? 1=very
Air quality observations (gas and small particle measurements,
negatively (tedious, frustrating) … 9 very positively
particle and gas sample collection, lower atmosphere
(inspiring, easy).
radioactivity measurements etc.).
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Free form feedback to the Observation Services.
Observations on magnetism (Aurora Borealis observations,
magnetic field)
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Survey scale: from “1” extremely unsatisfied to “9” extremely satisfied.
Service quality survey: Results
Rain and snow
Ground minimum temperature
Radiation, clouds, present weather
-quality and amount
MEAN
MIN
MAX
STDEV
Lowest acceptable level
6,58
5,50
7,13
0,47
Expected level
8,03
5,50
8,55
0,54
Perceived level
7,15
5,75
7,94
0,47
Perceived-Lowest acceptable level
0,60
-0,32
1,50
0,45
Perceived-Expected level
-0,85
-1,96
1,50
0,56
Expected-Lowest acceptable level (original zone of tolerance)
1,44
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2,14
0,37
Scale maximum-Lowest acceptable level (modified zone of tolerance)
2,42
1,87
3,5
0,47
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Development needs of produced observations
The greatest attention is needed for:
• Three dimensional amount of observations,
• “Other“ surface weather observations (like radiation,
clouds, present weather),
• Basic surface weather observations of rain and snow
• Ground minimum temperature observations
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Observation networks, views to 2015
• Automation degree nearly to 100%
• Automated precipitation measurement on about 200 sites, mostly
based at normal AWS stations. Manual part to minimun
• Availability of reliable automatic methods of wintertime precipitation
observation required
• Automation of surface networks to continue, up to 250 AWS’S
• New dual-polarization weather radar network data is expected to
compensate precipitation information due to decreasing amount of
precipitation measurements.
• Lightning location network will give more accurate information
with the denser network.
• The increase in the amount of marine research measurement sites
will be completed.
• New observation technologies like wind profiler and lidar networks
are to be established.
• Weather cameras amount will be increased
Observation services, view to 2015
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Automatic Weather stations (including precipitation)
Manual precipitation stations
Weather radars, Doppler/Dual Pol
Lightning location stations
Weather Cameras
Sea level measuring stations
Wave buoys
Wind profilers
Lidars, wind measurement
Lidars, vulcanic ash detection
Instrumented towers
Radiosounding stations
Air Quality stations
Radioactivity stations
Magnetometers
Auroral station (cameras)
2010
2015
200
100
8/3
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15
9
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250
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8/8
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20
15-18
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2-5
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3
4
3
15
9
12
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Thank you!
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