Transcript The Role of Satellites in Disaster Risk Monitoring and Management (DRRM) - User perspective in ADB. Presentation by Yusuke Muraki Infrastructure Specialist (Space Technology) Asian Development.

The Role of Satellites in Disaster Risk Monitoring
and Management (DRRM)
- User perspective in ADB.
Presentation by
Yusuke Muraki
Infrastructure Specialist (Space Technology)
Asian Development Bank
23 September 2014
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Questions
1. ADB’s work related to satellite application.
2. What kind of data do disaster management users
need? How is it used to aid decision making to
manage disaster risk?
3. ADB’s Typhoon Haiyan response.
4. Benefits and challenges.
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1. ADB’s work related
to satellite application
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Introduction of ADB
• Regional development bank
– Economic development and Poverty reduction
• Projects
– Loan, grant, and technical assistance (TA)
– With knowledge to address development issues
• $15.3 billion assisted in 2013
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Introduction of ADB
President
HQ (External
relations, audit,
strategy .etc)
Vice
President
Budget,
Administration
(Procurement,
Human resources,
Administration,
Legal, .etc)
Vice
President
Vice
President
Vice
President
Vice
President
Public/
Cofinance
South Asia
Department
East Asia
Department
Economics
& Research
Department
Central and
West Asia
Department
South East
Asia
Department
Pacific
Department
Regional
Sustainable
Development
Department
Headquarters
in Manila, Philippines
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Introduction of ADB
• Sectors
– Agriculture, Rural
Development, and Food
Security
– Education
– Energy
– Environment (Inc.
Climate change)
– Financial Sector
Development
– Gender Equity
– Health
– Public Management and
Governance (Inc. Disaster Risk
Management)
– Public-Private Partnership
– Regional Cooperation and
Integration
– Social Development and Poverty
– Transport
– Urban
– Water
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Introduction of ADB
• ADB concluded LOI with Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
in 2010 to promote space technology
applications in its activities.
• Became Sentinel Asia Data Analysis
Node in January 2012.
• “Workshop on GIS and Space
Technology for Sustainable
Development of Asia” was held in ADB
HQ in February 2011.
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EO x DRM in ADB
• “Operational Plan for Integrated Disaster Risk
Management (IDRM) 2014-2020”
– ADB will promote the application of state-of-theart space-based and information and
communication technology such as remote
sensing and geographical information systems
both for disaster risk assessment and early
warning systems.
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2. What kind of data do disaster management
users need? How is it used to aid decision
making to manage disaster risk?
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Satellite applications for
Disaster Risk Management
• Prevention, mitigation and Preparedness
A. Hazard maps
B. Hazard forecasting
• Response and Rehabilitation
C. Disaster Monitoring
D. Damage assessment maps
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SBT Applications
• A. Hazard maps (Floods, droughts, volcano, etc.)
– Using satellite imagery as a background
– Using satellite geographical model for inundation modeling
– Identify houses, roads and other infrastructure using
satellite imagery
– Overlay of past flood inundation maps to make potential
inundation maps
Key information for
urban planning,
infrastructure
development
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SBT Applications
• B. Hazard forecasting (Flood)
– Application of satellite-based rainfall data and
geographic data for flood modeling.
– In TA8074REG “Applying Remote Sensing
Technology for River Basin Management” funded
by Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR: 2
million US$), satellite-based rainfall data will be
integrated to existing flood models in Bangladesh,
Philippines and Viet Nam with the support of
JAXA.
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ST Applications
• D. Damage assessment maps
– In TA7579-PAK “Pakistan Floods (2010) Damage and Needs
Assessment” (220,000$), satellite data including ALOS data
freely provided by JAXA were used for making the flood
inundation map by SPARCO.
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3. Typhoon Haiyan
Response in ADB
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Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines
in November 2013
•
Typhoon Haiyan
(Yolanda) hit the
central part of the
Philippines on 8
November 2013.
•
Wind speeds estimated
at 315 km/h (195 mph).
•
•
•
As of January 10, 2014, 6,190 reported dead, 1,785 still missing.
3.4 million family / 16 million persons affected.
1.1 million houses damaged.
ADB supported by Loans and Grants
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Damage Assessment -> Plan
• Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid
Assessment (MIRA)
• Reconstruction Assistance on Yolanda
(RAY) based on Damage and Loss
Assessment (DaLA)
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What ADB has done using satellite data
• Accessed International Disaster Charter, Sentinel
Asia and other available EO information and
shared in the Yolanda Response Team in ADB.
• Counted damaged infrastructure based on
damaged infrastructure map based-on satellite
imagery and basic GIS data from Open Street Map
(OSM).
• Identified of number of damaged houses in 40
m buffer zone from the coast line for
understanding the magnitude of the replacement.
• Asked satellite providers to provide proposal for
damage assessment.
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Damage assessment
GIS Analysis
Image from Openstreetmap
Base maps
(Layers of houses,
infrastructure, roads, etc.)
Data Source
-Open Street Map
Image from International Charter, UNOSAT
Damaged infrastructure by visual
check of satellite imagery
1. Number of damaged infrastructure
2. Damaged infrastructure maps
Data Source
-Open Street Map
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Results of initial work by
ADB RS-GIS team
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Could calculate the number and locate the
damaged hospitals, hotels, schools, etc. on maps
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Estimation of number of houses in 40 m
buffer zone from the shoreline
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4. Benefits and challenges
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Benfits of EO Data for
Initial Damage
Assessment
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Satellite data can provide good
information at the early stage
• Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city
from the results was 20166 / 33351 (60%)
• Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city
reported in NDRRMC update was;
– 382 for 11/10 to 11/21
– 58,823 (12,270(Totally), 46,553(Partially)) for
11/21 to 12/20
Satellite-based assessment has advantage for the
quick assessment until field data is available
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ADB Needs on EO Data for
Disaster Response
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Needs of satellite data
1)
Information about the number of damaged infrastructure by
type (houses, schools, hospitals, etc.)
2)
Information about area of affected agricultural lands and forests.
3)
Maps indicating the location and distribution of the affected
infrastructure and lands.
-To formulate loans, grants and TAs to support the
government in disaster response, recovery and rehabilitation
-To develop damage assessment reports such as DaLA.
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Timing of ADB activities
11/8
Typhoon Yolanda
11/13
3 million $ Grant approved
20 million $ Grant and
500 million $ Loan
announced
20 million $ Grant concept
prepared
11/25
12/06
500 million $ Loan approved
12/13
20 million $ Grant approved
12/16
375 million $ Loan approved
MIRA released
DaLA completed and RAY released
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Challenges for “Making”
Satellite-based Damage
Information
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Challenges for “Making” Satellitebased Damage Information
1) Availability of basic GIS data in the
affected area
2) Limited coverage of free satellitebased damage information
3) Lack of coordination among
organizations conducting data analyses
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(1) Lack of basic GIS data
GIS Analysis
Image from International Charter
Image from Openstreetmap
Baseline GIS data
(Layers of houses,
infrastructure, roads, etc.)
Not easily
available!!
Damaged infrastructure by
visual check of satellite
imagery
1. Number of damaged infrastructure
2. Damaged infrastructure maps
Available from
space
community
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How to prepare GIS data?
• From government agencies
A. Lack of coordination/sharing
• Making coordination mechanism and share data before disasters
DPN (Space)
DPN
(Basic GIS data)
DAN
User
Example in Sentinel Asia
B. Lack of data
•
•
Support developing maps
From OSM
A. Lack of capacity
•
B.
Establish local community which can make OSM maps.
Lack of understanding
•
Coordinate with agencies to promote the use of OSM
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(2) Data availability was limited….
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(3) Lack of coordination
for data analyses
• It was difficult to know what geospatial processing
other agencies were conducting, which made ADB’s
decision making much slower to decide where and
what to focus.
• More coordination in international community during
disaster events.
• Microtasking used by volunteers (Malysian Airline
case) may be useful to divide analysis work.
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Challenges for “Utilizing”
Satellite-based Damage
Information
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Challenges for “Utilizing” Satellitebased Damage Information
1) Difficulty to use numbers from
satellite-based information for official
reports
2) Sharing and utilization of satellitebased information at the local level
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(1) How to make use of satellitebased information officially
• It is difficult to change official numbers
reported from fields or responsible local
government agencies at the higher
level.
– It is important to consider how to make
use of satellite-based information at the
local / community level which collect
information as initial data source.
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(2) Lack of information sharing
at the community level
• Due to the loss of internet connection
during disasters and lack of awareness.
• Mechanism to deliver satellite-based
information to the affected area is
necessary.
• Offline data viewer would be useful.
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Connect affected community with
international digital volunteers
• Many crowdsourcing initiatives of digital humanitarians for
disaster response (geo-tagging twitters, damage assessment by
microtasking) such as the one by Digital Humanitarian Network
(DHN).
• Collaboration between official network such as Sentinel Asia and
volunteer-based initiatives should be explored.
• Community-based information is necessary for international
digital volunteers to work effectively.
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How to realize “sustainable”
applications
Sustainable
Operation
Practical
Applications
Demonstration
through pilot
projects
Understanding
by Management
Capacity of
organizations for
data provision
Capacity of
User
organizations
Staff Technical
Capacity
Software,
Hardware, Data
Human
Resources
Research and
Development
of methods
Policy makers'
understanding
Financial
Source
Policies
Institutional
Arrangement
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Role and responsibility definition
for each organizations
New Proposal of ADB’s
Regional Technical
Assistance Project
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Tracing satellite
imagery on PC
Satellite
Imagery
Smartphone
with GPS
Uploaded to
OSM Maps
-Validate and edit maps
-Add building names and types
a) Detail Base map development
on OpenStreetMap
Pilot activities at selected
communities
Smartphone
with GPS
-geo-tagged
information about
hazards and
evacuation route
Smartphone
with GPS
b) Community-based
Hazard risk and
evacuation mapping using
mobile phone application
-geo-tagged
reports and
photos from
field
c) Crisis mapping
using mobile phone
application
1. Community-based mapping for DRM using SBT and ICT
Other available maps, data,
hazard maps
Smartphone and
tablet with GPS
2. Utilization of free satellitebased damage assessment
From Sentinel Asia,
the Disaster Charter
Satellite
Imagery
Satellitebased
damage data
3. Data Mgt. with GIS
at local government
4. Using maps and
data for Rescue,
recovery,
Rehabilitation, etc. at
community level
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Thank you!
If you have any questions,
please contact
Yusuke Muraki
[email protected]
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