Internet Standardization and the IETF Fred Baker IETF Chair ITU Telecom ‘99 Thoughts I would like to address • IETF History, Structure, and Procedure Who’s who in.
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Internet Standardization and the IETF Fred Baker IETF Chair ITU Telecom ‘99 1 Thoughts I would like to address • IETF History, Structure, and Procedure Who’s who in the IETF • Relations among standards bodies Who does what and why • The big problems in the Internet Ongoing work How we’re going to solve them ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 2 IETF History ITU Telecom ‘99 3 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Historical developer of internet-related protocols http://www.ietf.org Consortium of individuals from Research, Education, Network operators, and Internet vendors ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 4 Changed IETF composition and roles 2500 Attendance 2000 1500 1000 Research/Education primarily US 500 Vendor/International -500 ITU Telecom ‘99 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 4 1 0 IETF Number Actual www.ietf.org Avg.. 5 Growth of international involvement in IETF • Non-US Meetings: • Principle for placement of meetings: 1990: Vancouver 1993: Amsterdam “If I am doing the work, the meeting should sometimes be in my neighborhood” • But most work is done on mailing lists anyway… ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 1994: Toronto 1995: Stockholm 1996: Montreal 1997: Munich 1999: Oslo 2000: Adelaide 6 IETF Growth by Country Netherlands Italy Other 2% 8% 3% Canada 3% France USA 4% 48% Finland 4% Germany 5% Norway UK Sweden Japan 5% 6% 6% 6% Germany Sweden Other 1.9% 1.8% 5.5% France 2.0% Netherlands 2.2% Canada 3.1% JAPAN UK USA 7.6% 4.2% 71.6% ITU Telecom ‘99 • December 1996 • July 1999 • 11 Countries • 33 Countries www.ietf.org 7 IETF Structure ITU Telecom ‘99 8 IETF structures and key forums • Internet Architecture Board • Internet Engineering Steering Group • Working groups in eight areas ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 9 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Mission “Supreme court” on appeals of IESG decisions Think tank for future internet activities • Recent activities Really worried right now about •End to end model of the internet •Impact of wireless communications ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 10 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) • Mission Assure open-ness and adherence to process Working group chartering and management “Quality assurance” on specifications • Activities and trends Currently drawn into a “privacy” debate Better addressed in area activities ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 11 Working groups in eight areas Internet Routing Transport Applications ITU Telecom ‘99 Security Network operations and management User services General www.ietf.org 12 Internet • Mission IP/foo specifications Interface configuration and management IP developments, mostly IP6 • 15 working groups Interface mibs, dnsind, dhcp, ipng, IP/cable|ADSL|IEEE 1394, PPP, ion, ... ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 13 Routing • Mission “So how does a packet get there, anyway?” • 17 working groups BGMP, MPLS, MSDP, manet, vrrp, bgp, ospf, idmr, SNA... ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 14 Transport • Mission QoS management End to End delivery issues Telephony issues • 22 working groups Diff-serv, int-serv, megaco, sigtran, audio/video, rap, ... ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 15 Applications • Mission Infrastructure applications development and extension Historical applications • 26 working groups Web, LDAP, edi, nntp, smtp, ftp, telnet, calendaring, mime, etc. ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 16 Security • Mission Developing procedures and protocols to enhance security in the internet • 15 working groups Ipsec, pki, transport layer security, web transaction security, pgp, one time password, etc... ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 17 Network Operations and Management (O&M) • Mission Making sure there is operational clue looking at the specifications and procedures Network management (used to mean SNMP) Making those two talk with each other Y2k • 20 working groups Snmpv3, policy, various mibs, agent extensibility... Ngtrans, year2000, mbone deployment, routing policy system, ... ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 18 User Services • Mission Provide documentation of IETF procedures to less involved communities • 4 working groups Responsible use of the net Web elucidation of internet-related developments FYI updates User services ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 19 General • Mission If we can’t think of another place to put it, it goes here • 1 working group Poisson: standing rules committee ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 20 Working group summary • We have ~120 working groups Not all currently active • Cover support of infrastructure for the commercial IP internet Not too worried about research network, unless they use the same technology ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 21 IETF Process ITU Telecom ‘99 22 Membership • IETF members are people As opposed to nations or companies • Communications tend to be among people As opposed to working groups, boards, etc. ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 23 Fundamental working principle “ We do not worry about presidents and kings; We work by rough consensus and running code Dr. David C. Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org ” 24 Two types of documents • Internet Drafts • RFC - “Request for Comments” ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 25 Internet Drafts • Most analogous to ITU “contributions” and “working papers” Not necessarily work items Half of all internet drafts are simply documents people have chosen to post • Types of drafts Working Group documents Submissions to working groups Individual Submissions ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 26 RFCs • Historical Archive • Many kinds of documents • Standards Informational Proposed, Draft, Full Historical Best Current Practice Experimental Standards ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 27 Development Process • Bottom-up WG charters developed to support work people want to do • Development Process Working groups develop IESG reviews RFC Editor publishes ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 28 Relations among standards bodies “Anyone who likes legislation or sausage should watch neither one being made” ITU Telecom ‘99 Baron von Bismarck 29 Historical role of various standards bodies • Various marketing fora • ITU-T • IEEE ATM Forum • ETSI ITU Telecom ‘99 ADSL Forum • W3C MPLS Forum • IETF etc... www.ietf.org 30 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) • Primarily link layer LAN standards http://ieee.org/ Especially LAN standards in 802 series IEEE 802.1 Bridging IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Networks (Ethernet) IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Networks ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 31 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) • European Telephony Standards http://www.etsi.org GSM Telephones WAP - Wireless Access Protocol ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 32 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Primarily Web services http://www.w3.org Headed by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of HTML • Developed HTML, XML, etc. ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 33 ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) • Primarily related to telephony http://www.itu.int/ITU-T Consortium of Telephone companies Their traditional vendors ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 34 ITU-T Developments • Specific collaboration: • Various connector standards H.323 uses IETF Data format X.21, V.35, etc. • Physical/Link layer network standards • Points of possible overlap with IETF X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SDH • Telephony on specific substrate MPLS IP/ATM ISO JTC1 voice control H.32x/H.310 ITU Telecom ‘99 IP/SDH IP Telephony call signaling www.ietf.org 35 IETF: Infrastructure protocols • Some link layer • Security services Transport Layer Security, IPSEC, ISAKMP PPP • Network Layer IP4, IP6 • Telephony Signaling Signaling transport Routing protocols • Transport Layer • Quality support Differentiated Services TCP, UDP, RTP Integrated Services ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 36 IETF: Infrastructure applications • telnet virtual terminal protocol • SNMP management • SMTP mail • FTP file transfer • DNS name services • HTTP Web transfer • LDAP Policy services ITU Telecom ‘99 • and more... www.ietf.org 37 How IETF sees work divided W3C IEEE HTML Voice/ Video Telephony Data HTTP SNMP Mail Signaling UDP RTP TCP Internet Protocol Ethernet ATM Frame Relay PPP MPLS A variety of physical layers and interfaces Cellular Radio ETSI ITU-T • Applications come from all over • IETF Provides network infrastructure Tends to use interfaces defined by other bodies ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 38 So where is the Internet going? “As for the future, your task is not to foresee, but to enable it.” Antoine de Saint-Exupéry ITU Telecom ‘99 39 IETF vision for the future • Short term Internet as interconnected competing service providers • Long term Internet as universal interconnect ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 40 Internet as interconnected competing service providers • Dominated by Service Providers and Large enterprises • A “network of networks” which have different policies and goals ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 41 Internet as universal interconnect • IETF believes that the internet is the network of tomorrow Telephone companies seem to agree But how intelligent a network? • Would like to see common procedures and protocols used throughout Minimize translation problems ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 42 Growth of IP Traffic • Email • Information search/access • Subscription services/“Push” • Conferencing/ multimedia Rel. Bit Volume 250 Traffic Projections for Voice and Data Data (IP) 200 150 Circuit Switched Voice 100 • Video/imaging “From 2000 on, 80% of Service Provider Profits Will Be Derived from IP-Based Services.” Source: CIMI Corp. Cross over date varies with measuring point 50 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Source: Multiple IXC Projections ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 43 In summary... “I came, I saw, I couldn’t believe my eyes” Julius Caesar, as portrayed in Asterix in Britain ITU Telecom ‘99 44 When standards collide... • Increasingly, convergence of Internet and PSTN networks causes collisions between the bodies that define their protocols and procedures • The solution has to be in finding ways to: Not compete in standardization Focus on the problems remaining to be solved ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 45 The place of standards bodies • Each has its place in the mix We need to work together on a global basis • Competition between standards promotes inability to Share solutions to common problems Communicate among subscribers ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org 46