The Management and Administration of Libraries and Information Centers in the US: An Overview 美国图书馆及信息中心行政管理 ----概况 Robert Burger Professor of Library Administration, Emeritus July 2, 2009 罗伯特 伯格 图书馆管理教授，名誉教授.
Download ReportTranscript The Management and Administration of Libraries and Information Centers in the US: An Overview 美国图书馆及信息中心行政管理 ----概况 Robert Burger Professor of Library Administration, Emeritus July 2, 2009 罗伯特 伯格 图书馆管理教授，名誉教授.
The Management and Administration of Libraries and Information Centers in the US: An Overview 美国图书馆及信息中心行政管理 ----概况 Robert Burger Professor of Library Administration, Emeritus July 2, 2009 罗伯特 伯格 图书馆管理教授，名誉教授 What is management? 什么是管理？ • The art and science of getting things done through people. 通过人来完成某项活动的艺术与科学。 • It is a science because there are well established principles that are necessary to the operation of a library. 图书馆管理之所以是一门科学，是因为一个图书馆的运作 需要一套基本原理。 • It is an art because the manager must exercise social and emotional intelligence to get things done efficiently and effectively. 图书馆管理之所以是一门艺术，是因为为了有效并高效地 完成任务需要具备社会技能和情感智力。 4 Types of Libraries in the US 美国4种图书馆 • Academic Libraries (higher educational institutions) 高校图书馆 • Public Libraries 公共图书馆 • School Libraries(Kindergarten through grade 12) 学校图书馆（指幼儿园至12年纪） • Special Libraries (sometimes these exist within higher educational institutions: medical, theological, scientific, law) 专业图书馆（有一些在高等院校设立，如医学，神学， 科学，法律图书馆） Organizational culture and management principles 组织结构和管理原理 • Principles applied in all these settings 通用的管理原理 • The organizational culture strongly influences how 组织结构对图书馆的运作有很大的影响 • Academic tend to have flat structures • 高校图书馆组织结构趋于平行 • Public tend to have hierarchical structures • 公共图书馆组织结构趋于分级 Two major challenges 两大挑战 • Dealing with people and enabling them to do their best 人员管理，激发工作积极性 • Managing the budget and finances in order to use monetary resources to the best advantage of the library. 财政管理，使财政资源发挥最大优势用于图书馆 • Today’s focus is on managing people. 目前的重点是人员管理 • Richard Schnuer will present on budget next week. Richard Schnuer下周将做一个专门的预算方面的讲演 Three central processes for managing people 人员管理的三个核心程序 • 1. Recruitment, hiring, retention 招聘，雇佣，留住人才 • 2. Evaluation of employees 人员评估 • 3. Disciplining of employees 人员纪律 Recruitment, hiring, retention 招聘，雇佣，留住人才 • Staffing includes professional librarians, paraprofessional staff, student workers (any of these can be full time or part time) 图书馆工作人员包括专业图书馆员， 辅助专业人员，雇佣的学生 （以上都可以是全职或半职） • More effort spent in recruiting and hiring professional staff 聘用专业人员方面的投入最多 • Recruitment starts with job announcement 招聘首先要发招聘广告 Job announcement 招聘广告 • Description of job based on job analysis and needs of library • 工作描述主要是对这个工作岗位的分析和图书馆本身的需要 • Qualifications needed to do the job • 应征该工作所应具备的条件 • Other information such as benefits, salary or salary range, description of the library • 其他信息包括福利，工资或者工资浮动范围；对图书馆的介绍等 Job search 招聘过程 • Job announcement advertised 发布招聘广告 • Applications received by deadline 注明申请截止日期 • Applications reviewed by search committee 招聘委员会对工作申请人的评审 • 3-4 applicants selected for interviews 选择3-4人进行面试 • Interviews conducted 进行面试 • Successful candidate chosen 录取 Personnel evaluations 人员评价 • Occurs formally once per year 一年进行一次正式评价 • Several criteria, often tied to goals 若干标准，一般与目标相结合 • Outcome influences salary 个人评价结果将影响工资 Discipline 纪律 • Progressive discipline 递进的纪律处分 • Performance Partnership Program 工作表现合作项目 Progressive Discipline Steps 递进式纪律处分步骤 • Informal Discussion 非正式讨论 • Oral warning 口头警告 • Written warning – almost like a legal document 书面警告-大概相当于有法律效力的文件 • Investigatory hearings 调查听证 • Possible dismissal 可能被免职 Progressive Discipline Punishments 递进式处分结果 • Suspension without pay 暂停发放工资 • Dismissal 免职 Performance Partnership Program 工作表现合作项目 • Recognize good performance 对表现好的给予认可 • Eliminate poor performance 减少不良表现 Steps in PPP 工作表现合作项目的步骤 • Identify problem by determining gap between actual performance and desired performance 通过对现实表现与希望达到的表现进行比较，认清问题的所在 • Determine Cause (problem with execution or knowledge) 确认原因（是执行上还是认识上的问题） • If positive change, provide recognition, if not then performance improvement discussion 如果是向好的方面改变，要给予认可；如果是不好的则讨论怎么提高 • If this doesn’t work, then series of reminders 如果还没有效果，进行多次提醒 • Then decision making leave (with pay) 决定解聘（付薪水） Other administrative areas 其他管理领域 • Measurement and Evaluation 评估与评价 • Facilities management 设备管理 • Information Technology 信息技术 • Technical Services 技术服务 • Public Services 公共服务 • Strategic Planning 策略计划 Measurement and Evaluation 评估与评价 • The Assessment Paradigm 评估模式 ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Resources > Capability > Utilization > Impact 资源 > 潜力 > 应用 > 影响 Resources: input measures 资源：投入评估 Capability: processing measures 潜力：过程评估 Utilization: output measures应用：产出评估 Impact: outcome measures 影响：效果评估 • Input measures: resources allocated (annual budget, size of collection, number of staff) 投入评估： 资源配置（年度预算，馆藏规模，人员数量） • Process measures: transform resources into activities (quantify time or cost to perform specific task or activity such as ordering, receiving, cataloging) 过程评估：把资源转化为活动（完成某项任务比如订书，收书，编 目所需的时间，费用） • Output measures: how inputs and processes utilized (annual circulation, number of reference questions answered, number of users served） 产出评估：投入和过程中的应用（年流通量，咨询问题数，服务对象 人数） • Outcome measures: difficult to assess, relates to both individual served and to community 产出评估：难以估计，与服务对象的人数以及社 区有关 Facilities Management 设备管理 • Cleaning 清洁 • Security 安全 • Renovation 更新 • New Building 新建筑 • HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning） 暖通空调 Information Technology 信息技术 • Computers and Telecommunications 计算机和电信设备 • Collection consortia and shared catalogs 馆藏联盟和共享目录 Technical Services 技术服务 • Acquisition of materials (books, serials, etc.) 书本和丛书的采购 • Cataloging 编目 • Record maintenance 记录的维护 Public Services 公共服务 • Circulation 流通 • Interlibrary Loan 馆际互借 • Reference 咨询 Strategic Planning 策略计划 • Goal setting for future 未来目标的确定 • New directions 新方向 • Reallocation of resources 资源再配置 • Thank you 谢谢 • Robert Burger • [email protected] 电子邮件 • [email protected]