Gaseous Detectors for Particle, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics George K. Fanourakis Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics (INPP) – NCSR ‘Demokritos’ Collaborative projects among: INPP– NCSR.
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Gaseous Detectors for Particle, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics George K. Fanourakis Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics (INPP) – NCSR ‘Demokritos’ Collaborative projects among: INPP– NCSR ‘Demokritos’ (Particle and Nuclear Physics groups) Saclay – France (Instrumentation and Nuclear Physics groups) CERN (Instrumentation group) Brookhaven lab (srEDM group) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Particle Physics group) Hellenic Open University (Particle Physics group) University of Zaragoza - Spain (Particle Physics group) G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromegas principle of operation Micro mesh gaseous structure Spacers > 50μm Hole dia: 50μm pitch: 100μm or pads G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromegas 3D layout Micromesh pillars (spacers) G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios • Excellent position resolution • Good energy resolution • Very low background • Excellent stability • Radiation hard • Cheap • Variety of applications (X-rays, tracking, neutron det. , TPC detector, Visible photon det. ) FIDIAS FIssion Detector at the Interface with AStrophysics Interest: Characterize Neutron induced Fission fragments i.e. Fission fragment properties (Mass, Charge, kinetic Energy) Both fragments should be observed e.g. 142 90 n 235 U Cs 92 55 37 Rb 4n • We need a twin detector on a back to back configuration with the Fission target in the middle + more nuclear applications • α-capture reactions relevant to stellar nucleosynthesis • Measurements of stopping power of heavy elements G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Prototype sent to Saclay Prototype μM TPC: Design - Construction Single TPC, Charge and Time readout Aluminum Housing 32 x 1ΜΩ Voltage Trimmer near mesh Plexiglas Cage G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios E field shaper 5 Current progress The detector (10x10 cm2) is equipped with x–y strips can be readout from the 2 ends of the circuit board Micro via Pillar Mesh 420 µm pitch X Strips G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Pixel (200x200 µm) 420 µm pitch Y Strips The FIDIAS 2D X-Y Micromegas readout board design Based on MIMAC’s Saclay design modified and constructed by Rui’s lab at CERN G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios μM-TPC μM-TPC T2K electronics Inside Goliath magnet at CERN H4 beam line G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios pions seen by the μM-TPC with RD51 test beam G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Intensive tests at Saclay - Results reported at a previous RD51 collaboration meeting. G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios srEDM polarimeter principle Precision measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of Protons and Deuterons proposed for Brookhaven (Y. Semertzidis) probing the transverse proton spin components as a function of storage time extraction adding white noise to slowly increase the beam phase space defining aperture polarimeter target for d=10-28 e·cm (p’s) nrad θ(t) θ0 3 t s G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios LR H LR V D U D U carries EDM signal small increases slowly with time carries in-plane precession signal srEDM polarimeter parameters o o Angle coverage: 5 – 20 Plane tracker or TPC Event rate: 105 protons/s, Maximum detector rate: 1KHz/cm2 for 103 cm2 area Angular resolution: < 10 mrad (multiple scattering limitation: 2mmPCB for .7GeV protons: 3mrad) Energy resolution: ~20% Time resolution: 1-100 ns G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios A Micromegas TPC for pEDM For 5o-20o scattering angle G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios mm Diffusion issues σ0: resolution at zero drift, DTr: Transverse Diffusion constant, Neff: the effective number of electrons over the pad size Micromegas Ar+10% CO2 Cd 0.229 0 67m cm Ioannis Giomataris G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Parameters Worst case scenario Gas: D=500μm/sqrt(cm) Track coming in 5o 9mm transverse dimension for a 10 cm drift Neff ~ 100 for 1mm pad/strip Longitudinal or transverse diffusion < 150μm If the track (mip) is sampled over 9 strips: Transverse resolution < 150μm/√9*10cm = 500 μrad But much better for a proton or deuteron G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromegas TPC readout segmentation G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Prototyping G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Data acquisition logistics 1 MHz elastically scattered protons in a ~103 cm2 area 106 tracks/sec 1 track coming per 1 μs For a drift velocity of 5cm/μs and a drift distance of 10 cm 2 tracks per μs in the chamber Worst case: slanted tracks 175 r-strips + ~20 φ-strips ~200 strips * 8 bytes (time + charge + strip number) ~1600kbyte/μs 1.6 Gbyte/s Use continues sampling: 25 MHz clock (read 12 bytes in 40ns) 300 Mb/s Note that CMS (LHC) writes ~100 Mbyte/s on tape !!! If we just record x,y,z and slope we can have a better situation… G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Development of a Spherical Proportional Counter for low energy neutrino detection via Coherent Scattering Main contributors: Saclay +AUth Ilias Savvidis’ lab Volume = 1 m3, Cu 6 mm Gas leak < 5x10-9mbar/s. Gas mixture Argon + 2%CH4 Pressure up to 5 bar G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Internal electrode (15mm) at high voltage Read-out of the internal electrode A new detector with interesting properties: • large mass • good energy resolution • low sub-keV energy threshold • radial geometry with spherical proportional amplification read-out • robustness and low cost. Peaks observed from the 241Am radioactive source through aluminium and polypropylene foil. G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios super nova explosion Can it detect neutrinos? neutrinos antineutrinos Spherical Proportional Counter nuclear reactor core neutrinos antineutrinos G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios The energy of the recoil nucleus The nuclear recoil energy versus the neutrino energy. From top to bottom nuclear targets with A=4, 20, 40, 84, 131 for the elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively. Ar He Xe G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Response of the detector to the reactor and supernova neutrinos Nuclear reactor neutrinos: With the present prototype at 10 m from the reactor, after 1 year run (2x107s), assuming full detector efficiency: - Xe ( ≈ 2.16x10-40 cm2), 2.2x106 neutrinos detected, Tmax=146 eV - Ar ( ≈ 1.7x10-41 cm2), 9x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=480 eV - Ne ( ≈ 7.8x10-42 cm2), 1.87x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=960 eV Supernova neutrinos: - For a detector of radius 4 m with a gas under 10 Atm and a typical supernova in our galaxy, i.e. 10 kpc away, one finds 1, 30, 150, 600 and 1900 events for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively (Y. Giomataris, J. D. Vergados, Phys.Lett.B634:23-29,2006) More details on supernova neutrino detection: Tzamarias talk G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Cosmic ray MM detectors Part of ASTRONEU project (T. Tzamarias) ~50x50 cm2 128 pads To be read via the RD51 SRS system G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Develop microbulk Micromegas detectors with segmented mesh An RD51 funded project (T. Geralis) Real x-y structure Mass minimization Production Simplification Large surface detectors To be read by AGET electronics X-strips Y-strips Detector characteristics: Active area ~ 38 x 38 mm2, Cu strips, pitch 1mm, strips interspacing 100 μm, amplification width 50 μm. G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Conclusions Reported progress in the design and tests of various prototype detectors based on gaseous detector technologies such as the Micromegas and the Spherical detector. Use the described prototypes to investigate applications in the Particle, Nuclear and Astrophysics domains. G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios