Transcript The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings (Rome, 22 March 2012) Maggiore Anna Bonifazi.

The fight against Trafficking in
Human Beings
(Rome, 22 March 2012)
Maggiore Anna Bonifazi
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Phases:
Recruitment
Transportation
Reception/ Logistical support
Use of deception and threat:
False promise of legal work
Recruitment by someone known and trusted by victim
Use of psychological violence
Threats to family members in the country of origin
Subjugation of victims with magic rituals (e.g. Wodoo for Nigerian women)
Huge economic interests:
Phenomenon of multi-trafficking ( people, drugs, firearms, etc.)
Transnationalism
Transnational crime in at least 2 state
Linguistic and cultural complexity
- Need for cultural mediators, interpreters, psychologists, bilingual police force, priests, etc.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Law
Beneficiaries
Objective
Art. 18 D. lgs
286/98
Both domestic and Assistance and
foreign victims of
social integration
violence and severe
exploitation
Medium- term
programme of
assistance and
permit of residence
on humanitarian
grounds
Art. 13 Law
228/03
Domestic and
foreign victims of
trafficking
Emergency
programme of
assistance
Immediate
assistance
Content
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Who are the victims?
Men
Women
Minors
Where are they from?
Eastern Europe
Africa
Asia
South America
What type of exploitation?
Labour exploitation
Sexual exploitation
Criminal activities/ street begging
What are the man features of human trafficking?
Organised
Transnational
Linked to other forms of international trafficking
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
A victim of trafficking:
•
does not recognise the context of trafficking;
•
believes in the trafficker’s ‘promises’;
•
Even if she has doubts, she deludes herself into believe that the exploitation will be short and she will
eventually regain her freedom;
•
If she has experienced physical or sexual violence, she feels guilty and uncomfortable;
•
She is worried about herself and her family;
•
She does not trust the police;
•
She is scared.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
A victim of trafficking:
•
might have been indoctrinated and intimidated by the trafficker;
•
might have been brainwashed;
•
might be confused;
•
might have an hostile attitude, might be angry, scared and distrustful;
•
might not be willing to doubt the ‘good will’ of her trafficker especially if she feels tied to him/her by some
sort of relationship;
•
might lie.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation NUOVA ERA (year 2005)
Italy
23 arrests
Greece (op. JINDA)
42 arrests
Turkey (op. YAYLA)
33 arrests
Criminal matrix
Chinese
MAFIA ORGANISED CRIME:
Counterfeiting of documents
Kidnapping
Enslavement
Trafficking in human beings
Labour Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation TERRA PROMESSA (year 2006)
Italy
Poland
27 arrests
13 arrests
Criminal matrix:
Polish
ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
Trafficking in human beings
Enslavement
Labour Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation VIOLA (year 2008 -2009)
1st phase - year 2008
Italy
19 arrests
Netherlands (op. Kollvis)
29 arrests
1st phase - year 2009
(Italy, Nigeria, Turkey, Bulgary,
Netherlands, Colombia)
Criminal matrix:
35 arrests
Nigerian
NIGERIAN ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
International trafficking of drugs
Enslavement and Child Trafficking
Sexual Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation CARONTE (year 2009)
Italy
17 arrests
Criminal matrix:
North - African
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
Trafficking in human beings
Smuggling
Counterfeiting of Identity Documents