Transcript Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg COST-720 Integrated Ground-Based Remote Sensing Stations for Atmospheric Profiling Dirk Engelbart (DWD), Wim Monna (KNMI), and John Nash (UKMO) Concept  COST-720  Objectives.

Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
COST-720
Integrated Ground-Based Remote Sensing Stations for Atmospheric Profiling
Dirk Engelbart (DWD), Wim Monna (KNMI), and John Nash (UKMO)
Concept

COST-720
 Objectives + Structure
 Campaigns
 Major Results
Remote-sensing field site at Lindenberg Observatory
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Goals of COST-720
 development of integrated ground-based
remote-sensing stations for atmospheric profiling
 Assessment of their use for meteorological analysis,
forecast, climate research and monitoring
 Set-up of networks of integrated profiling stations
during dedicated campaigns
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Organisation - I
WG1, Basic Techniques and Algorithms
•
Assessment of the state of the art of individual techniques
in view of potential for integration
•
Improvements where necessary and possible
•
Considered measurement systems:
[email protected]
- Microwave and IR Radiometer
- water-vapour and Doppler wind Lidar
- Wind profiling radar/RASS
- Cloud radar
- SPC ceilometer
- C-Band weather radar.
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Organisation - II
WG2, Integration
•
Development / assessment of methods to derive
- Temperature profiles
- Humidity profiles
- Cloud characteristics
- boundary-layer characteristics
 from integrated remote sensing
 for different kinds of users
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments:
TUC
• Payerne, Switzerland
• 15 November, 2003 –
15 February, 2004
• In-situ & ground-based
remote-sensing systems
Instruments
Goals
• 1290 MHz wind profiler
•
Test of basic ground-based
• 78 GHz cloud radar
T and U profiling systems
• radiometers (ASMUWARA,
•
Study ability to detect
Radiometrics, IR)
PBL phenomena
• radiosondes (3 types)
•
Assess automatic cloud
• ceilometer
detection systems
humidity
system
•• GPS
Provide
dataset
to study
• total
sky imager
system
integration
• BSRN instruments
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments: TUC
Results:
 10 reviewed papers published in a Special Issue
«COST-720 TUC» of Met.Z.: Vol. 15, No. 1, 2006, 97pp.
• Intercomparisons found biases in both ….
 microwave radiometers
 all radiosondes’ humidity
• FMCW cloud radar can monitor fog base/top
• Radiometer and wind profiler able to monitor:
 T and humidity inversions near surface
• First integration of Wind Profiler and Microwave Radiometer
for humidity profiling
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments: CSIP
 CSIP = “Convective Storm Initiation Project”
Central-Southern England, June – August 2005
COST-720 and UK Universities
•
•
System integration studies for summertime PBL
High-resolution NWP modelling
Instruments:
•
•
•
•
•
Microwave radiometer
Laser ceilometer
1290 MHz windprofiler
Chilbolton radar
Radiosondes
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments: CSIP
Results
•
UHF radar can see lids of convective inhibition and resolve
structure of convective plumes
•
Radiometer IWV in good agreement with most GPS sensors at
high temporal resolution
•
Radar refractivity measurements can make humidity changes
•
Cold Pools behind mesoscale convective systems
•
Analysis is ongoing...
See:
•
http://www.env.leeds.ac.uk/csip/
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments: Helsinki Testbed
Helsinki Testbed


(see: Poutiainen paper)
Southern Finland, Finnish MetOffice, August 2005 (start)
= permanent integrated profiling station
Provides data & experience for
•
•
Mesoscale weather research
Forecast- and dispersion-model development
Instruments
•
•
•
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Finnish weather observation network
Vaisala WXT510 weather transmitter network (60)
1.3 GHz windprofiler/RASS
Dual-polarization weather radar
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Field experiments: LAUNCH-2005
(see special poster)
(29th Aug. – 31st Oct, 2005)
(1)
Assessment of new or improved humidity, temperature, and wind profiling systems
profiling systems:





(2)
Water vapour Lidar systems (Raman Lidar and DIAL)
Doppler wind Lidar vs WPR (ZIE)
inter-comparison of different types of MWP systems
FTIR spectrometer
High-range SPC ceilometer
Assessment of various algorithms, combining different techniques for profiling of cloud
parameters (integrated profiling), in particular


LWC profiling
Improved rain rate profiling by radar
(3)
Provision of a data set, designed for validation and comparisons between measurements
and NWP output,
(4)
Provision of a data set for OSEs using 3D-/4D-VAR data assimilation for high-resolution
WV-profiling systems in regional NWP modelling


[email protected]
3D-VAR / 4D-VAR MM5/ECMWF system of Hohenheim + of L‘Aquila (3D-VAR)
NWP output validation using the FZK-IFU MM5 with a modified integration and
advection scheme
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Improvement of microwave profiling
(humidity & temperature)
Validation  Dec.2004 – Nov.2005:
Bias & rms-error of T and U profiles
(vs. RS) applying:
neural network
measurement-based regression
(operational regr.)
Model-based regression method (training):
- may improve profiling performance
- allows easy use of MWP at all sites
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Lidar:
RAMSES data example: Sep 25/26, 2005
DWD - RAMSES
●
automated operation, data acquisition,
& evaluation
●
at MOL-RAO now 15 months of test
operation
●
similar fully-autonomous systems are
in test mode at Payerne and Cabauw
●
commercial network systems below
150 k€ now available
(COST-720 final workshop)
DWD RAMSES (Raman Lidar for
Atmospheric Moisture SEnSing)
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Lidar:
[email protected]
RAMSES data example: Sep 25/26, 2005
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Integrated Profiling
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Mean
“Small“
Z-R-relation
over
30 hours
“Large“
drop mode,
68 hours
Rain rates
by
Weather Radar
+
Micro-Rain Radar
 Z/R relation (x-Band Rad.)
according to real DSD
DSD:
• classified in modes
• measured by MRR
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005:
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
European domain
Raman Lidar
DIAL
Cloud Radar / MRR
Microwave Radiometer
Systems in the domain
14 Lidar systems (WV systems)
8 MWP systems (2 MW radiometer)
3 cloud radars (+1 MRR at Leipzig)
11 MRR
(Validation)
Ceilometers
(Validation)
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Assimilation
of WV lidar
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Observation
WV mixing ratio
4D-Var i.s.
ECMWF i.s.
Height asl / km
Oct. 26/27, 2005
23:00
[email protected]
00:00
Time UTC
01:00
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
02:00
i.s. = initial state
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Assimilation of WV lidar
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
4D-VAR
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
LAUNCH-2005: Validation of humidity modeling
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
RAMSES
LM
Clouds
MWP
[email protected]
Water-vapour mixing ratio
14.10., 1712 UTC - 15.10., 0511 UTC
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Model validation using
Integrated profiling
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Cloud profiling
(CloudNet cooperation)
Comparison
Measurement - Model:
(Examp. Chilbolton vs. DWD-LM:
Jan – Sep 04)

Freq. of LWCs in clouds
 Obvious model deficits
 Strong model underestimation of
LWC in low clouds
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Major Results of COST-720 / I
(related to operational users)
(1) Basic techniques & algorithms
- major improvements in microwave profiling
(operationally applicable all-weather technique)
(2) Algorithms for system Integration
-
combination of MWP and WPR for improved humidity sounding
MWP, cloud radar, lidar, rain-gauge (CloudNet)
weather radar and MRR for improved rain rates from weather radar
MWP, cloud radar + lidar for profiling of cloud characteristics
(3) Proposals for system integration
a)
b)
c)
d)
Wind:
Temperature:
Humidity:
Clouds:
compos.profiling using Sodar + WPR
RASS + MWP
MWP + WPR (WV Lidar for validation & reference)
MWP, cloud radar, lidar (+ rain gauge)
(see Results-III)
(IPT, radar-lidar method or CloudNet retrieval)
…..still ongoing evaluations (LAUNCH, CSIP, Helsinki-Testbed)……
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Major Results of COST-720 / II
(related to operational users)
(1) Results for NWP
- definition and test of NetCDF data formats for MWP and Lidar humidity profiling
- OSEs using WV-Lidar in data assimilation to NWP models
 clear impact for high data qualities
- validation potential of NWP output (supply of reference quality for wind,
temperature, humidity profiles and cloud characteristics)
(1) New system developments related to COST-720:
- hardware improvements of MWP systems  enhanced all-weather capabilities
- autonomous WV Raman-lidar systems in Lindenberg / in near future also
Cabauw(in 2007) and Payerne(early 2007)
- commmercial Doppler-wind (100k€) and aerosol/humidity lidar (<150k€)
(1) Network stations for integrated profiling in Europe
Lindenberg (GER), Payerne + Bern (CH), Palaiseau (Paris, F),
L’Aquila + Rome + Potenza (I), Cabauw (NL), Camborne + Chilbolton (GB),
Helsinki (FIN)
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006
Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg
Major Results of COST-720 / III
(related to operational users)
Integrated station for NWP validation / cloud profiling:
Instruments
– Doppler cloud radar (Pulsed or FMCW / 94 or 35 GHz [less attenuation])
– SPC Ceilometer or (real) Lidar
– Dual-frequency microwave radiometer (23.8, 36.5 GHz / use ceilometer to help calibrate)
– Rain gauge (drop counting rather than tipping bucket)
CLOUDNET has realized integration meanwhile:
 www.cloudnet.org
• 4 remote-sensing sites (currently), 7 models (currently)
• already provides yearly/monthly statistics for cloud fraction and
IWC / LWC including comparisons betw. observations & models
Algorithms (developed and/or assessed during COST-720)
– Integrated profiling technique (IPT)
– Radar-Lidar approach
– CloudNet retrieval (classification)
[email protected]
WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006
Geneva: Dec. 2006