Transcript Bell Ringer: October 20 • Who are the three men who contributed to the cell theory?

Bell Ringer: October 20
• Who are the three men who contributed to
the cell theory?
The Eukaryotic Cell
A cell containing a nucleus
Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells
Highly specialized
Unicellular or multicellular
Little Organs that do specialized jobs
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
So, tell me…
• Can you identify a plant cell?
• Can you identify an animal cell?
• What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
• What do animal cells have that plant cells do not?
• Cell Photographs for Cell Comparison Lab
Let’s keep it separated…
• Cell biologists or cytologists divide the
eukaryotic cell into TWO major parts
They go together like….Ramma
Lamma Lamma, Dingity….oops!
The portion of the cell
outside the nucleus:
gel-like material
They work together in the
business of LIFE!
Beginning with the BRAIN…
• The NUCLEUS
• Contains nearly all of
the cell’s DNA
• Meaning…it holds all
of the coded
instructions for making
proteins and other
important molecules
Has two membranes
Pores allow materials, such as
RNA, to move in and out of
nucleus
Chromatin
Granular material
Is made of DNA bound to
protein
Usually spread throughout the
nucleus
Chromosomes
Inside the Nucleus
Condensed chromatin
Thread-like structures
Contain the genetic
information that is passed
on from one generation to
the next
• A small, dense region where the assembly
of ribosomes begins
Ribosomes
• Small particles of RNA
and proteins
• Found throughout the
cytoplasm
• PRODUCE PROTEINS
• Cells that are active in
protein synthesis are
often packed with
ribosomes
• Follow orders given by
the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER
The site where lipid
components of the
cell membrane,
proteins, and other
materials are
assembled and then
exported from the
cell
Rough ER vs. Smooth ER
Ribosomes
found on the
surface
Involved in
the synthesis
of proteins
Ribosomes are NOT
found on the
surface
Contains enzymes
which perform
specialized tasks
Detoxification of
drugs
Liver cells, which
play a key role in
detoxifying drugs,
often have large
amounts of smooth
Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of
pancakes
Similar to a mail room
Function: modify, sort,
and package proteins and
other materials from the
ER for storage inside the
cell or secretion outside
the cell
AKA. Golgi
bodies
Small organelles filled with
enzymes
Function: the digestion, or breakdown, of lipids,
carbohydrates, and proteins so those organic
compounds can be used by the rest of the cell
breaking down organelles that have outlived
their usefulness
Function:
Tay-Sach’s disease===when lysosomes fail to do their job
Vacuoles
• A sac-like place for
storage of water,
salts, proteins,
carbohydrates
Most often found in plant cells
Contractile Vacuole in the
Paramecium
• Vacuole contracts
rhythmically
• Pumps excess water
out of the cell
• An example of
HOMEOSTASIS
Mighty, Mighty, Mitochondria
Organelles that convert the
chemical energy stored in
food into compounds that are
more convenient for the cell
to use
THANK YOUR MOM
TODAY!
Nearly all of your Mitochondria
com from the cytoplasm of the
ovum (egg)
Found in Plant cells
Function: organelles
that capture energy from
the sun and convert it to
chemical energy in a
process called:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CONTAIN THE GREEN PIGMENT: CHLOROPHYLL
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein
filaments that helps the
cell to maintain shape.
Also involved in movement
Cytoskeleton of a cultured
epithelial cell. Microtubules
are shown in green, actin is
shown in red and DNA is in
blue. Image by Steve
Rogers.
Protein filaments include:
Microtubules and Microfilaments
Centrioles
• A pair of structures
formed by tubulin
• Located near the
nucleus
• Help to organize cell
division
• Found only in
ANIMAL CELLS