Transcript Chemistry Notes Covalent Bonding Diagrams An Addendum to Lewis Structures  Carbon and silicon are exceptions to the pattern of how to place electrons in a Lewis.

Chemistry Notes
Covalent Bonding
Diagrams
An Addendum to Lewis Structures
 Carbon
and silicon are
exceptions to the pattern of
how to place electrons in a
Lewis Dot Structure.
An Addendum to Lewis Structures
 This
is because they have
hybrid orbitals (where the s
and p sublevels blend
together and have four equal
energy orbitals.)
Covalent Bonding
A
covalent bond occurs
between two non-metals
 Electrostatic bonding does
not occur—in other words,
there is no “give and take” of
electrons
It ends up being a “tug of war” of
electrons
Where the electrons end up
somewhere in the middle.
Single Bonds
A
single bond occurs when
one pair of electrons is
shared by two atoms.
 This pair of bonded electrons
is called a shared pair.
Double and Triple Bonds
 Double
bonds occur when
two atoms have two shared
pair of electrons
 Triple bonds occur when two
atoms share three pair of
electrons
Covalent Bonding Diagrams
 Like the ionic bonding diagrams,
first draw the dot diagram for
each element
 Now, however, the electrons are
not being given away or taken,
but shared; so signify a pair
being shared by circling both
electrons.
Covalent Bonding Diagrams
 Every
element should have
eight electrons (count each
shared pair as two).
 If there is more than one of
each element in the
compound, you have to have
a central atom.
Covalent Bonding Diagrams
The
center atom will be
the one with the most
spots to bond to.
Hydrogen
 Since
hydrogen is in the first
energy level, it will not need 8
valence electrons to be
stable—it will only need 2.
H2
H2O
Cl2
O2
N2
CCl4
CO2
HCN
PCl3
H2O2
C2H4
CSF2
CO