Your program unit or county name Your Name Iowa’s Emerging Bioeconomy What is the Bioeconomy? The bioeconomy is nothing less than a revolution in the.
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Your program unit or county name Your Name Iowa’s Emerging Bioeconomy What is the Bioeconomy? The bioeconomy is nothing less than a revolution in the way society obtains vital sources of carbon and energy, in the process dramatically reducing our dependence on imported petroleum. Agriculture will make this transformation possible by providing biorenewable resources for the production of biobased products. -- Robert Brown What is Biomass? What is a Biorefinery? A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power and/or chemicals from biomass -- National Renewable Energy Lab Cargill Biorefinery Eddyville, Iowa What is a Bioeconomy? Agriculture + Manufacturing Why move to a bioeconomy? • Enhanced national security • Improved environmental quality • Increased markets for agricultural crops • Advances in rural development Time Frame? 100% Traditional Fossil Fuels - Biomass - Wind - Water - Animals - Mechanical - Combustion - High temperature Renewables 75% % of total 50% - Electric - Low temperature - Catalysts 25% 0% 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 Source: Ewald Breunesse, Shell Netherlands, 14th IAMA Annual World Conference, Montreux, June 14th 2004 U.S. Dept. of Energy Goals Units 2010 2015 2020 2030 Biofuels Market share (%) 4.0 6.0 10.0 20.0 Biopower Market share (%) 4.0 5.5 7.0 7.0 Bioproducts Production (billion lbs.) 23.7 26.4 35.6 55.3 Source: U.S. DOE Current Status - Ethanol Source: R. Wisner, ISU Information and images courtesy of BBI International Typical Grain Ethanol Plant Distillation Fermenter Starch Enzymes Ethanol Ethanol CO2 Cooker Milling Starch Water Sugar Grain Dried Distillers Grains and Solubles (DDGs) Iowa Corn Processing & Ethanol Plants, Current & Planned, 11-06 Source: R. Wisner, ISU Future Corn Production 180 173 164 35-year trend 15-year trend 10-year trend Source: NCGA, November, 2006 U.S. Ethanol Market Estimate Total 15 Corn-based 10 Billion gallons 5 Biomass-based 0 2000 05 10 15 20 Source: U.S. DOE US Biomass inventory = 1.3 billion tons* Corn stover 19.9% Wheat straw 6.1% Soy 6.2% Crop residues 7.6% Grains 5.2% Perennial crops 35.2% Manure 4.1% Urban waste 2.9% Forest 12.8% *Could supply 66% of U.S. transportation fuel From: Billion Ton Vision, DOE & USDA 2005 What will it take? • • • • • New technologies New crops and cropping systems New manufacturing processes Educated workforce New ways of working together New Crops? Kenaf? Native Warm Season Grasses? Perennial Biomass Crops? Sweet Sorgum? Integrated Feedstock Harvesting Ear snapper head and forage wagon Ukrainian stalker head Whole plant head Biodiesel Information and images courtesy of BBI International Information and images courtesy of BBI International Typical Soy Biodiesel Plant Reactor Soybean Oil (20%) Separator Neutralization, Water Wash, Drying Biodiesel Biodiesel Glycerin Methanol Catalyst Soy fiber and protein for feed and industrial products (80%) Methanol Current Bio-oil Availability ~ 32 billion pounds of oil (from soybeans, vegetables, yellow grease, animal fats) are available annually in the U.S. This is enough oil to annually produce approximately 4 billion gallons of biodiesel. Biobased Products Replace Petroleum Products Biobased Products Adhesives Motor Fuels Cleaning compounds Packaging materials Detergents Paints Dielectric fluids Paper Dyes, pigments & Plastic fillers inks Electric power Polymers Hydraulic fluids Solvents Lubricants Sorbents New Century Farm • Teaching • Research • Extension and outreach “The New Century Farm (NCF) would be the first integrated, sustainable biofuel feedstock production farm in the USA.” "I believe the Great Creator has put ores and oil on this earth to give us a breathing spell... As we exhaust them, we must be prepared to fall back on our farms, which are God's true storehouse and can never be exhausted. For we can learn to synthesize materials for every human need from the things that grow." George Washington Carver 1864-1943