Transcript The Nano Scale of Things FNI 1B Why nano? The nanometer scale is where the sciences come together: Physics Biology Chemistry New properties begin to emerge at the.

The Nano Scale of
Things
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Why nano?
The nanometer scale is where the sciences
come together:
Physics
Biology
Chemistry
New properties begin to emerge at the nanoscale.
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Metric System is made up of:
Basic units
 Metric Prefixes
 Derived units

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Metric System
Physical Property
Length
Mass (Weight)
Time
Temperature
Electric Current
Volume
Metric Units
(abbreviation)
Meters (m)
Grams (g)
Seconds (s)
˚Centigrade (˚C)
Amperes (A)
Liter (L)
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Metric Prefixes
Prefix,
abbreviation
Means
Power of
10
Giga, G
Mega, M
kilo, k
centi, c
milli, m
micro, µ
nano, n
1 billion
1 million
1 thousand
1/100
1/1,000
1/1,000,000
1/1,000,000,000
109
106
103
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
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Common Metric System Units
centimeter, cm
 millimeter, mm
 kilometer, km
 kilogram, kg
 cubic centimeter, cc

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Unit Factor Conversion
100 cm = 1 m
100 cm
Every equality gives
two conversion factors
written as fractions.
1m
1m
100 cm
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Unit Factor Conversion
100 cm
1m
Choose the factor
that will cancel the
original units.
1m
100 cm
200 cm = ? m
200 cm x
1m
100 cm
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Unit Factor Conversion
Unit factor conversion is the method used to convert from
one set of units to another.
To convert from one to another we need a “unit factor”,
something equal to 1.
1 m = 109 nm
This results in two conversion factors written as fractions:
109 nm
1m
109 nm
and
1m
http://blowers.chee.arizona.edu/cooking/units.html
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Scientific Notation
2.998 x 108 m/s
Scientific notation is written as a product of a
decimal number and a power of 10.
Scientific notation will have one non-zero
digit to the left of the decimal point.
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Scientific Constants
Speed of Light
c = 2.998 x 108 m/s
Planck’s constant
h = 6.626068 x 10-34 m2kg/s
Boltzmann’s constant kB = 1.3807 x 10-23 J/K
Gas constant
R = 8.3145 J/(mol K)
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Measurements
-57.8 kcal/mol
Three parts to a measurement:
Value
Magnitude
Units
-57.8
combined with units k
kcal/mol
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Display Registers
Turns on the calculator
Clears the last
number entered
All clear – clears
calculation
Multiplication
Digits 0-9
Division
Subtraction
Decimal Point
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Addition
Tells what number your
calculations equals. 13
Log10 and antilog10
Don’t confuse this with
scientific notation
Square and Square
root button
Natural log and anti
log (Euler’s constant)
Used to get the
yellow functions
Easy fraction
button
Trig functions
Exponentiation button
Don’t confuse with
scientific notation
Changes
the sign
Memory recall and store
Parentheses
control priority
Close parentheses
and invert button
Used to enter
scientific notation
Sometimes EE
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Calculator Practice
Use the EE/EXP button
Do with 10x button
5 x 102 =
10 x 103 =
1 x 103 =
2 x 10-3 =
103 =
103 x 101 =
Do with EE or EXP
5 x 102 =
10 x 103 =
1 x 103 =
2 x 10-3 =
103 =
103 x 101 =
You should get the same answers
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Common Unit Conversions used in
Nanoscience
1 m = 100 cm
1 m = 1,000 mm
1 m = 1,000,000 μm = 106 μm
1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm = 109 nm
1 m = 10,000,000,000 Å = 1010 Å
1 cm = 107 nm
1 cm = 108 Å
1 mm = 1,000 μm
1 μm = 1,000 nm
1 μm = 10,000 Å
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Reading a Vernier Scale
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http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/Scale_of_Things_07OCT03.pdf
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Example
Magnification = 100 X
Feature size = 10 cm
What is the actual size in cm?
What is the actual size in m?
What is the actual size in microns?
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Unit Factor Conversion
Examples:
Convert 650 nm to μm
Convert 20 nm to angstroms
Convert 2000 Å to μm
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Scale of Things Lab
http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm
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