Transcript North American NOAA Coastal CO2 Measurements & Synthesis Carbon Program Christopher Sabine, Richard Feely, Simone Alin, Rik Wanninkhof, and many others.

North American
NOAA Coastal CO2
Measurements & Synthesis
Carbon Program
Christopher Sabine, Richard
Feely, Simone Alin, Rik
Wanninkhof, and many others
Global Carbon Budget for 2000-2005
Coastal
Air-sea fluxes
Exchanges
Ocean Acidification
Inventory
changes
adapted from Sabine et al., 2004
Coastal Cruises 2007:
West Coast (May–June) & Gulf/East Coast (July–August)
• 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise and 90 stations on 9 transects on
Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise
• Depth profile measurements include: temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic
carbon, alkalinity, nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, and more...
General Oceanics 8050 pCO2 System
Design/development by Rik Wanninkhof, Dick Feely, Craig Neill, and others
The Basics:
• LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to
measure air and water CO2.
• Series of gas standards
traceable to WMO standards.
• Daily satellite data transmission.
• Can be outfitted with sensors for
DO, pH, chl a, NO3, etc.
NOAA Coastal Underway pCO2 Systems
NOAA Ship
McArthur II
NOAA Ship David Starr Jordan
NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
Container Ship Skogafoss
Cruise Ship Explorer of the Seas
NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown
Container Ship Cap Van Diemen
Container Ship OOCL Tianjin
PMEL Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) system
initial design from the MBARI drifters of Gernot Friedrich and Francisco Chavez
The Basics:
• LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to
measure air and water CO2.
• Self-contained modular unit
designed to fit a range of buoys.
• Gas calibration traceable to
WMO standards.
• Daily satellite data transmission.
Average annual pCO2 cycle at coastal moorings (2006–2008)
Sabine et al.
(in prep.)
Linkages with other coastal issues & processes
Hypoxia
Land-use
Acidification
Sources: Hales et al. (2006), Doney et
al. (2007), Donner & Kucharik (2008)
pCO2 variability in a
Hawaiian Coral Reef
Work conducted in
collaboration with:
Carbon System Data from Jorge Corredor (UPRM)
CO2 variability in a
Caribbean Coral Reef
Federal Ocean Acidification Research and
Monitoring Act of 2009
Purposes- The purposes of this subtitle are to provide for-(1) development and coordination of a comprehensive interagency plan to-(A) monitor and conduct research on the processes and consequences of
ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems; and
(B) establish an interagency research and monitoring program on ocean
acidification;
(2) establishment of an ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration;
(3) assessment and consideration of regional and national ecosystem and
socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification; and
(4) research adaptation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving
marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification.
Global Ocean Acidification Monitoring Sites in
Coral Reefs and Open Ocean Regions
Potential ocean acidification monitoring sites in open-ocean and coastal regions, and
potential coral reef ocean acidification monitoring sites for time series measurements
and process studies.
NOAA’s Preliminary Plans for a Coastal Ocean
Acidification Monitoring Network
AOOS
NERACOOS
NAOOS
MACOORA
CenCOOS
SECOORA
SCCOOS
GCOOS
CaRA
Opportunities for Collaboration with IOOS
• Design and implement a coastal observing program, that
includes carbon, utilizing a variety of platforms
• Work together to develop coastal modeling efforts that
include biogeochemical interactions.
• Coordinate data management activities
• Collaborate on methods evaluations and establishing
standardized best practices
• Collaboration on data interpretation.
Thank you for your time!
Theme 1: Monitoring Ocean
Acidification
Chemical and Physical Monitoring
Biological Monitoring
Ωarag = 1
National Marine
Sanctuary
Sentinel Sites
Theme 2: Biogeochemical Models and
Experiments
Down-scale global models for
local predictions
Experiments on ocean carbon cycle
10,000
8.3
8.25
8.2
8.15
8.1
8.05
8
1,000
100
10
1
1968
1978
1988
Year
1998
2008
Approx. pH
Pteropods (per m3)
Puget Sound chemistry
Hind Casts of historical carbon chemistry
Theme 3: Assessing Species Response
Make up Flow
Unknown
(Gastropods), n=26,
(25%)
Aragonite only, n=49,
(46%)
Pressure
Relief
CO2 :
target atm
No Calcium
Carbonate, n=8, (8%)
pH
Sensor
Packed
Column
Open if high pH
(Normally
Closed)
Reservoir
Mostly calcite, some
aragonite, n=10,
(10%)
pH Meter &
Controler
Gas
Regulator
Gas
Regulator
Open if low pH
(Normally
Closed)
Study Organism
(e.g. oyster larvae)
CO2 :
200 atm
Pump
Exposure Tank
Discharge
Priority Species:
• Ecological importance
• Economic importance
• Vulnerability
• Feasibility
CO2 :
99.8%
Mostly argonite,
some calcite, n=9,
(9%)
Calcite only, n=2,
(2%)
Theme 4: Forecasting Ecosystem
Response
Atlantis
Landings,
tons
Landings
Solemetric
English
Species Life-cycle Analysis Modules (SLAM)
Baseline
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
Acidification
500
0
0
EcoPath with EcoSim)
0.2
0.4
0.6
Fishing mortality rate
0.8
Theme 5: Human Dimensions
Ecosystem Services
Decision Support System
Crabs = $143 million
Bivalves = $115 million
e.g. SMAST Fisheries Decision Support System
Education
Theme 6: Education and Outreach
National Marine Sanctuaries
Museums & Aquaria
First ocean acidification mooring in
the Gulf of Alaska at Station Papa
Preliminary results
show a clear seasonal
trend in pH and a
strong correlation with
pCO2
Note: pH scale is reversed
Collaborative ocean
acidification observing system
on the U.S. west coast with
support from international,
federal and state agencies.
Depends on a highly
coordinated NOAA
observations and modeling
effort.
Moored pCO2 Program
C.L. Sabine (PMEL), F. Chavez (MBARI), S. Maenner (PMEL),
S. Musielewicz (PMEL) and G. Friederich (MBARI)
Goal: To evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea CO2 fluxes by conducting high resolution
time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean pCO2.
Approach: Develop an inexpensive, robust, accurate pCO2 system that can be deployed on a
variety of mooring and drifter configurations for up to a year at a time.
Achievements: We are at nearly 20% of array design with 5 systems on TAO array, 3 in
the North Pacific (including Papa) and 1 in the South Pacific.
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/moorings
Planned West Coast
CO2 Observational
Network