Transcript PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE COMING… IS YOUR UTILITY READY? Britta Gross Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization.

PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE COMING…
IS YOUR UTILITY READY?
Britta Gross
Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization
Increasing Electrification
Extended-Range Electric Vehicle
Chevrolet Volt
40 miles
HUNDREDS of miles
BATTERY
Electric Drive
EXTENDED RANGE
Driving (Gasoline or E85)
Up to
Pre-Production Volt:
Engineering Test Drive – 13 Oct 2009
Charging and Infrastructure
GM/EPRI Utility Collaboration
Includes more than 50 Utilities… many the industry’s thoughtleaders in electric transportation and grid interaction
BC Hydro
Snohomish County PUD No. 1
Seattle City Light
Avista Corp.
Portland General Electric
Manitoba Hydro
Hydro-Québec
NY ISO
Hudson G&E
Hydro One Central
Northeast Utilities
Consumers EnergyRochester G&E United Illuminating
Dairyland Power We Energies
NYPA ConEd
EnWin
LIPA
Madison G&E DTE
PJM
PSEG
Nebraska Public Power Dist.
Exelon
FirstEnergy Constellation Energy
Sacramento Municipal UD
Lincoln Electric
AEP
Pepco Holdings, Inc.
Hetch Hetchy Water and Power
Hoosier
Tri-State G&T
Great Plains Energy
Dominion Resources
Pacific Gas & Electric
Ameren
Duke Energy
Services
Southern California Edison
Progress Energy
Salt River Project
Tennessee
Valley
Authority
Arizona Public Service
Arkansas Electric Coop
San Diego Gas & Electric
PacifiCorp
Great River Energy
Southern Company
Austin Energy
Golden Valley Electric Assn.
CenterPoint Energy
CPS Energy
Hawaiian Electric Co.
EUROPE
Iberdrola, S.A.
Six Things We Need to Get Right
• Market analysis
• Technical features
• Customer experience
• Public education
• Public policy
• Advanced features and new opportunities
Charging Power Levels
•
120V (1.2 kW) charging
–
–
–
–
•
Plugs into standard household outlet
Full charge in about eight hours (temperature dependent)
No additional equipment or installation (?)
120V Cordset
Charge cord standard with the vehicle in NA
240V (3.3 kW) charging
– Full charge in about three hours
– Efficient and enables more opportunity to
drive electrically
– Will usually require a one-time investment to
upgrade garage with dedicated 240V circuit
•
•
Charger and control logic onboard the vehicle
Designed for global voltages
240V Charge
Station
Sunday 04:00
Sunday 08:00
Sunday 12:00
Sunday 16:00
Sunday 20:00
Monday 00:00
Monday 04:00
Monday 08:00
Monday 12:00
Monday 16:00
Monday 20:00
Tuesday 00:00
Tuesday 04:00
Tuesday 08:00
Tuesday 12:00
Tuesday 16:00
Tuesday 20:00
Wednesday 00:00
Wednesday 04:00
Wednesday 08:00
Wednesday 12:00
Wednesday 16:00
Wednesday 20:00
Thursday 00:00
Thursday 04:00
Thursday 08:00
Thursday 12:00
Thursday 16:00
Thursday 20:00
Friday 00:00
Friday 04:00
Friday 08:00
Friday 12:00
Friday 16:00
Friday 20:00
Saturday 00:00
Saturday 04:00
Saturday 08:00
Saturday 12:00
Saturday 16:00
Saturday 20:00
Sunday 00:00
Where Are the Cars?
Fleet Distribution during week
Home
Residence
Work
School & Church
Commercial
Other
Driving
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311
Home Charging can be a real satisfier for
consumers, but there is a lot of potential
variability that we have to help manage…
•
Garages can be filled with junk and
need to be rearranged to make room for
the charger
•
Some garages already have washers/
dryers or refrigerators that operate on
220V lines but making room for
additional line a challenge
•
Locating charger on right or front of vehicle
works better for some. But garage clutter
is still an issue
Progress Energy Home Survey:
Carolinas (2,100) and Florida
(3,400)
How close is the nearest 120 V outlet?
0-20 ft
20+ ft
Is 120V outlet a dedicated circuit?
Yes
No
CAR
61%
39%
CAR
2%
98%
FL
87%
13%
FL
8%
92%
Does existing premise allow for the installation of a 120 V
15 A dedicated circuit?
CAR
FL
Yes
No
86%
14%
81%
19%
What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit?
(not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter)?
CAR
FL
$100-$250
$250-$500
$500-$750
$750+
Add’l Costs:
Panel upgrade ~$1,000
EVSE ~$300-1,000
Meter/submeter?
40%
47%
12%
2%
46%
45%
5%
4%
Progress Energy Home Survey:
Carolinas (2,100) and Florida
(3,400)
Is there an accessible dedicated 240 V/30 A (min) outlet
within 25 ft of where the vehicle is parked?
CAR
FL
Yes
No
5%
95%
41%
59%
Does the existing premise allow for the installation of a
240 V/30 A dedicated circuit?
CAR
FL
Yes
No
85%
15%
80%
20%
What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit?
(not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter)
CAR
FL
$100-$250
$250-$500
$500-$750
$750+
Add’l Costs:
Panel upgrade ~$1,000
EVSE ~$300-1,000
Meter/submeter?
10%
60%
19%
12%
35%
52%
8%
6%
2008 Gasoline vs. Electricity Prices
Average Gasoline Price$3.25/Gallon and Electricity 11.36¢/KwHr
$3.20/
15.69¢
$3.30/
$3.30/
14.62¢
15.96¢
$3.42/7.58¢
$3.27/9.14¢
$3.24/7.48¢
$3.36/8.52¢
$3.30/
7.01¢
$3.34/
11.93¢
$3.12/
9.79¢
$3.26/
11.60¢
$3.23/8.22¢
$3.18/8.18¢
$3.21/7.82¢
$3.28/
8.30¢
$3.21/10.15¢
$3.53/
14.40¢
$3.21/
10.25¢
$3.24/10.02¢
$3.12/8.98¢
$3.07/
9.25¢
$3.13/12.92¢
$3.27/
10.93¢
$3.26/
$3.18/
11.39¢
$3.36/ $3.24/ 10.13¢
$3.34/
11.07¢ 8.93¢
7.03¢ $3.16/
$3.04/
9.69¢
$3.20/7.97¢
8.03¢
$3.26/9.72¢
$3.15/8.81¢
$3.12/
$3.13/
$3.19/
9.99¢
9.46¢
10.36¢ $3.23/
$3.14/
10.06¢
10.30¢
$3.15/
9.72¢
$3.19/
10.36¢
$3.75/16.35¢
$3.76/
32.50¢
$3.46/
18.79¢
$3.28/11.67¢
Source: Oil Price Information Service
Source: Energy Information Administration
http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html
$3.21/
17.50¢
$3.23/17.57¢
$3.42/19.36¢
$3.11/15.95¢
$3.21/13.81¢
$3.17/13.91¢
$3.35/12.68¢
Top Priorities for Overall Utility Support:
• Consumer EV support (24/7 operator for EV charging questions)
• Residential infrastructure assistance
 Fast, convenient installation process that is affordable (i.e. satisfying)
Home Inspection
EVSE Installation
Meter Installation
Permit/Inspection
Rate Signup
 Utility handles entire home installation process
OR
 Coordination between Utility (meter) and 3rd party installer (EVSE)
• Outreach and leadership in readying regions for plug-in vehicles
 Key stakeholder outreach
 City/regional initiative to put enablers in place
 Consumer education
• Compelling consumer EV rates and easy sign-up process
 Inform customers of best options, preferred rates, green options
• Policy assistance (e.g. eased permitting, building codes, incentives)
• Expanded fleet purchases
Plug-in Ready Communities
Required Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
Dedicated project leader
•
Regulators/public utility
commissions
•
•
•
Permitting and code officials
State, city, county
Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD
DOT
Utilities (municipal and
regional)
Local employers
Local universities
Plug-in Ready Communities
Required Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dedicated project leader
Desired Enablers
Game Plan
Infrastructure/Incentives/Educational Outreach
State, city, county
Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD
DOT
Utilities (municipal and
regional)
Regulators/public utility
commissions
Permitting and code officials
Local employers
Local universities
Vehicle
Purchase
Incentives
Charging Installation
Incentives
(Home, Work, Public)
Low Off-Peak Charging Rates
(e.g. to encourage nighttime charging)
Green/Renewable
Charging Options
Government Fleet
Purchases
HOV Lane
Access
Building Codes to
Include Home
Charging Enablers
Free
Parking
Free
Charging
What’s the Right Balance Between…
Being Prepared and Being Positive?
Overly Concerned
Not Concerned Enough
Grid can’t handle PEVs
Grid can handle millions of
PEVs and utilities can easily
keep up with PEV loads
Electricity will come from
coal
Electricity is always cleaner
than gasoline
Home charging/installation is
fraught with problems that
will dissatisfy consumers
It’s easy – find a normal
household outlet and plug it in
There’s a real infrastructure
challenge and we need to
install lots of public charging
Just charge it at home – as it
was intended
Volt will be too expensive
Volt will fly out of dealer
showrooms