Transcript World Geography Today Chapter 1 Studying Geography Preview Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Chapter Wrap-Up.

World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Studying Geography
Preview
Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements
Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s
Tools
Chapter Wrap-Up
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
Read to Discover
• What are the two main branches of
geography?
• How do we use geography?
• What are some ways we can organize our
world and the study of geography?
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
Question
What are the two main branches of
geography?
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
Human
Geography
Physical
Geography
• Studies distribution
Both
and characteristics
of the world’s people
• Studies how
(where people live
people interact
and what they do)
with their
• Examines how
environments
people make and
trade things that they
need to survive
• Focuses on Earth’s
natural environments,
including landforms,
water features, plants,
animals, and other
physical features
• Studies the processes
that shape physical
environments
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
We Use Geography:
• In Government—For mapmaking and planning
• In Business—For marketing and development
• In Schools—For education
• Every Day—To find our way in town or on trips, when we
watch the news and weather, when we read about other
countries, when we make decisions about locations for
events or businesses
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
Organizing the World by Regions
• Formal—Has one or more common features
that make it different from surrounding areas
• Functional—Different places that are linked
together and function as a unit
• Perceptual—Reflects human feelings and
attitudes
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
Organizing
Organizingthe
theStudy
Studyof
ofGeography
Geography
By Five Themes
• Location—Exact or relative spot of something on Earth
• Place—Physical and human features of a location
• Human-Environment Interaction—Ways people and environments
interrelate with and affect each other
• Movement—How people and things change locations and the
effects of these changes
• Region—Geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
By Six Essential Elements
•
•
The World in Spatial Terms
1.
How to use maps and other tools
2.
How to use mental maps to organize information
3.
How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and
environments
Places and Regions
4.
The physical and human characteristics of places
5.
How people create regions to interpret Earth
6.
How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of
places and regions
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
By Six Essential Elements
•
Physical Systems
•
Human Systems
•
Environment and Society
7.
The physical processes that shape Earth’s surface
8.
The distribution of ecosystems on Earth
9.
The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations
10. The complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics
11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth
12. The patterns of human settlement
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 1: Themes and
Essential Elements
By Six Essential Elements
•
Physical Systems
•
Human Systems
•
Environment and Society
13.
14.
15.
16.
•
The forces of cooperation and conflict
How human actions modify the physical environment
How physical systems affect human systems
The distribution and meaning of resources
The Uses of Geography
17. Apply geography to interpret the past
18. Apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Read to Discover
• How do geographers and mapmakers
organize our world?
• What kinds of special maps do
geographers use?
• How do geographers use climate graphs
and population pyramids?
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Geographers and Mapmakers Organize
• By drawing lines on the globe
• By identifying hemispheres, landmasses, and
bodies of water
• By making and using maps
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Question
What are characteristics of the
three map projection types?
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Map
Projection
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cylindrical
Used by navigators
because it shows true
direction and shape
Exaggerates landmasses
at high latitudes
Conic
Accurate for areas with long
east-west dimensions
Not as accurate for areas
that extend mostly north to
south
Flat-Plane
Used by pilots and
navigators because it
shows true direction and
area sizes
Distorts shapes
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Special-Purpose Maps
• Climate and Precipitation Maps—Show
weather patterns and atmospheric conditions
• Population and Economic Maps—Show the
distribution of people, natural resources, and
land usage patterns
• Elevation Profiles and Topographic Maps—
Show physical features of the land
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Section 2: Skill Building:
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Important Geographic Characteristics
Climate graphs show average temperatures and
precipitation in a place.
Population pyramids show percentages of males
and females by age group in a country’s
population. They help us understand population
trends.
World Geography Today
Chapter 1
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1.
What are two main branches in the study of
geography?
2.
What six essential elements help us organize
the study of geography?
3.
How are the three kinds of regions defined?
4.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of
the three main map projections?
5.
What are six kinds of special-purpose maps?