Transcript Oklahoma Space Grant Long Range/Endurance UAV projects Background •Started as an OSGC undergraduate workforce project •Team of 2 aerospace engineering undergraduates (OSGC Fellowship Recipients.

Oklahoma Space Grant
Long Range/Endurance UAV projects
Background
•Started as an OSGC undergraduate workforce project
•Team of 2 aerospace engineering undergraduates
(OSGC Fellowship Recipients Dustin Gamble, Thomas
Hays)
•Goal was to design a highly efficient electric plane
capable of setting FAI world records for range and
endurance.
•F5S class: electric aircraft, sub 5kg (11lb), etc.
•Lessons learned to be applied to other
industry/research projects
•Students gain valuable hands-on training in UAV’s
FAI
Federation Aeronautique Internationale
Sanctions all international aerospace
Records.
Dragonfly designed for the F5S
Record class.
F5S Requirements:
•5 Kg (11.02 lb)
•Electric
•Maximum surface area 150 dm (16 sq-ft)
•Min Surface loading of 12-50 g/dm (.25 lb/sq-ft)
•Aircraft must be in sight the entire flight
•Must land and takeoff within 500 m of
Claimed spot (1640 feet)
•Must be observed by FAI official and two additional observers
F5S Duration
F5S Range
Endurance Challenges
Duration Record held since 1998: 10 Hours 38 Minutes.
(Emil Hilber – Switzerland)
Multidimensional Optimization problem:
Span - Area - battery weight - motor size - gearbox ratio - prop size - prop pitch - Battery Voltage.
Difficult constraints (esp. 11lb weight limit)
Primary Design Goals
Endurance vs. Fuel Fraction
Maximize battery (fuel) weight
Endurance
Maximize energy storage density
Minimize structural weight
Maximize aero/propulsive eff.
Minimize systems drain
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Fuel Fraction
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Endurance Challenges (cont.)
14
350
Endurance
12
300
Range
250
8
200
6
150
4
100
2
50
0
0
0
10
20
30
Speed [ft/sec]
40
50
60
High
Range [mi]
Endurance [hr]
10
3
Cl 2
Cd
Value Endurance
High L/D Range
Structural Challenges:
High aspect ratio
Thin airfoil section (1 inch)
Must absorb atmospheric turbulence (2.7g design)
Must be extremely light (.5 lb = 1 hour lost)
Maintain accurate shape
Streamlining
•Reduce Drag from
cross-section of fuselage
•Designed around streamline of
SD 7032 airfoil at Duration CL
Blended Wing Body Junction
•Reduces interference drag
•Provides room to store electronics
80
• Custom Made Lithium Polymer Batteries
60
Watt-hr/lb
Power / Energy Sources:
70
50
40
30
20
10
• 560 Wh Total energy capacity
(equiv to 329 AA batteries)
58g motor
11g gearbox
0
Pb
NiCd
NiMH
Lipoly
Lithium Polymer:
• Light Weight
• Highest Commercially available
energy density.
•14.5 ft span
•3.7 lb weight without “fuel”
•7.3 lb. of Lithium Polymer batteries
•40 Watt cruise power, 200 Watt peak
•Hand-flown, and turned with
rudder/dihedral to minimize current
draw
Dragonfly
Test flying:
• Verify Handling Qualities
• Determine actual power consumption
• Set limits on flying conditions
• Determine how to land
Point and Return:
Attempted record during test flight
Used a predetermined route in northern OK
From Kildare to Wakita and back.
144.42 Km = 90 miles
Flew airplane from convertible
Dragonfly max range
267 Miles
Dragonfly
89 Miles
Juri Laidna (Estonia)
49 Miles
Dragonfly: Point and Return Mission
Duration Record:
Launched at sunrise
41 grams underweight
30 minute pilot shifts
Experienced 3G atmospheric turbulence
Judged remaining power through telemetry
Landed with 9 minutes of power remaining.
Dragonfly: Duration Mission
Most Memorable
Aviation Record of 2006
National Aeronautic Association:
United States’ interface to FAI
NAA Luncheon Washington D.C.
Pterosoar
(“Winged creature that will rise, fly, or glide high and with little apparent effort”)
Oklahoma State University
California State University LA
•Joint OSGC/CSGC project
•2 additional OSU students, and 4 from CSULA
•Custom Made PEM Hydrogen Fuel Cell and 4000 psi composite tank
• 1.8 x the energy capacity of Dragonfly’s Batteries
• Fully CNC molded Construction
• Rapid Design ->Construction -> Test flight (6 weeks)
• 4-part design for transportation
Pterosoar Point and Return:
• Distance: 120 Km = 75 miles
• Launch from Lancaster, CA
• 17 grams of Hydrogen use
Duration Record Attempt is next for
The Pterosoar.
Pterosoar: Point and Return
Questions