AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005 Introduction • WRC Agenda Item 1.5 • The Aeronautical Telemetering Community • The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • The.
Download
Report
Transcript AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005 Introduction • WRC Agenda Item 1.5 • The Aeronautical Telemetering Community • The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • The.
AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY
Darrell Ernst
Gerhard Mayer
February 2005
2
Introduction
• WRC Agenda Item 1.5
• The Aeronautical Telemetering Community
• The International Consortium for Telemetry
Spectrum
• The ICTS Position
• A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda
Item 1.5
3
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5
1.
consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical
mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3
GHz;
2.
review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the
mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation
of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand;
3.
consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including
aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz
for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and
associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above;
4.
designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for
wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand,
4
Future Data Rates
800
Data rate for one vehicle
700
Data Rate - Mbps
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
“Prediction is hard, especially about the future”
2025
5
Implications for the Spectrum
1800
1600
Bandwidth needed for one vehicle
Bandwidth MHz
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2000
2005
Current B/W
Allocation = 215
2010
PCM/FM
2015
Tier 1
2020
Tier 2
Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each modulation type:
PCM/FM=2.4 Hz/bit
Tier 1= 1.2 Hz/bit
Tier 2= 0.8 Hz/bit
6
Region 1
Kiruna, Sweden
Formosa Bay, Kenya
Coronie, Surinam
Biscarosse, France
Salto di Quirra, Sardinia
Aberporth, Wales
Zingst, Germany
Emba, Kazakhstan
Region 3
Anna Plains, Australia
Chandapore, India
Sonmiani, Pakistan
Chiu Peng, Taiwan
Shuang Chenghzi, China
Changwon, S.Korea
Malute, Pakistan
Wake, Marshall Islands
Region 2
Tortuguero, Puerto Rico
Punta Lobos, Peru
Ft.Yukon, Alaska
Nanoose Bay, Canada
Mar Chiquita, Argentina
Wallops, USA
Stromfjord, Greenland
Poker Flat, Alaska
7
Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM
• Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms only
for narrow band data transmission (e.g. Argos,
Orbcomm) available
• Onboard storage capacity limited by space and
weight, data compression & reduction of science data
onboard critical
• Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime
Therefore:
• High-resolution science instruments, like imaging
sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon,
Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband
telemetry links to fulfill their future missions
8
Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions
Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV
required for In-situ-measurements &
calibration of satellite and groundborne
instruments
Examples of important disciplines :
• Geophysics
Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research
• Biology
Animal behaviour & wildlife research
• Remote Medical Supervision
patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions („bush
telemetry“)
9
Science and Telemetry Goes Global…
• Local changes of environmental
parameters have a world-wide impact
• Wide-area telemetry networks needed to
collect data from e.g. remote field stations,
balloons, buoys, sounding rockets, UAV
• Specific ranges for launching, science
observations and data collection
worldwide available
10
ICTS MISSION:
To Ensure the Future
Availability of
Electromagnetic Spectrum
for Telemetering
11
International Foundation for
Telemetering Board of Directors
ICTS
Chair
S. Lyons
ICTS
Vice Chair
G. Mayer
ICTS
Secretary/Treasurer
D. Holtmeyer
Region I (Europe/Africa)
Coordinator
J. M. Berges
www.telemetry.org
Region II (Americas)
Coordinator
M. Ryan
Region III (Asia)
Coordinator
V. Crouch
[email protected]
Region I
Members
Region II
Members
Region III
Members
12
Aeronautical
Telemetry
13
What is Telemetry?
Telemetry : The process of
measuring at a distance.
Aeronautical telemetry: The
process of making measurements
on an aeronautical vehicle and
sending those measurements to a
distant location for analysis
Vibrations
Velocities
Flows
Pressures
If it is ORANGE it is flight
test measurement
Temperatures
14
End Slide
15
Current Band Allocations
Band (MHz)
4400-4800
ITU All
Regions
US
X
G
4940-4990
4800-4825;
4835-4940
4940-4950
5850-5925
X
6875-7125
X
7125-7300
X
7900-8025
X
4800-4940
14,50015,300
X
X=Permitted
Common
Europe
X - harmonized
military band
G
UK
France
Italy
Other
European
Austria,
Finland,
Norway Spain
Sweden
G
G
X Defense
All
G
G
Finland, Spain
G
G
Finland, Spain
X
G
NG
X Defense
NG
7145-7235 72507300
X - harmonized
military band 7900-7975 MHz
in NATO
Countries
14,714.515,136.5
X - harmonized 14,620military band
15,230
Austria, Norway,
Spain Sweden
Spain Sweden
Norway, Spain,
Sweden
NG to 7250
Australia
X Defense
Canada
G 44604540
G 49004940
X
X
7125-7250
Austria(79428000) Norway,
Spain, Sweden
G 14,50015,250
G=Government Only
14,62015,350
14,714.5Austria, Norway,
15,136.5
(secondary)
Spain, Sweden Defense, rest
open
NG=Non-Government Only
16
Current Band Allocations (Concluded)
Band (MHz)ITU All Regions
Japan
India (Draft) Taiwan Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Germany
4400-4800
X
After 1/1/10
X
X
4400-4500
4800-4940
4800-4825,
4835-4940
4800-4900
After 1/1/10
4800-4825,
4835-4940
X
4900-4925
4935-4940
4940-4990
4940-4950
4940-4950
X
4940-4950
5850-5925
X
X
X
x
X
6875-7125
X
X
X
6875-7100
X
7125-7300
X
X
X
X
7900-8000
X
X
X
X
7900-7975
X
X
14,62015,230
14,500-15,300
X
X=Permitted
X
7125-7250
Public
Service
Commercial
Telecom
Service
G=Government Only
X
NG=Non-Government Only
17
Spectrum Encroachment
WARC 92
US Alternative
BBA 97
2350
2300
2250
2200
2390
2360-2390
MHz: Manned
2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned
2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry
OBRA 93
BBA 97
WARC 92
1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry
1525
1485
1460
1435
1500
One A/C can easily use
over 20MHz of spectrum
for a single mission
Terrestrial DAB (Canada),
CARIBSS, MediaStar
18
TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS
• The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many different
nations and many purposes
– National defense
– Commercial aerospace industry
– Space applications
– Scientific research
• The primary telemetering applications represented by ICTS are
– Range and range support systems
• Land mobile
• Sea ranges
• Air ranges
– Space-based telemetry systems
– Meteorological telemetry
19
ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP
•Aero-Sensing
•Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination Council
•Aerospatiale Airbus
•Airbus
•Australian Department of Defence
•Boeing Company
•British Aerospace
•Dassault Aviation
•Eurocopter
•European Telemetering Standardization Committee
•French Department of Defense
•German Society of Telemetering
•IN SNEC
•MITRE Corporation
•National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)
•New Mexico State University
•Sandia National Laboratories
•SEE
•Spanish Department of Defense
•United Kingdom Department of Defence
•United States Department of Defense
14
20
10 /11/20 00
Atmospheric Attenuation vs. Frequency
Proposed New TM Band
A: Rain
Specific Attenuation ( dB/km)
Dow npour (150 mm/hr)
Heavy (25 mm /hr)
Light (5 mm /hr)
Drizzle (0.2 5 m m/hr)
B: Fog (0.1g/m 3)
C: G aseous (H 2O + O 2)
Source: Attenuation by
Atm ospheric Gases, Report 719-3,
Reports of the CCIR, 19990, Annex
to Vol. V: Pr opagation in NonIonized Media, Geneva, 1990, pg. 190.
3
L, S TM Bands
30
Fre quency (GHz)
M ITRE
21
Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum Growth
Technique
Potential Gain
Limitations
Command Link
Significant reduction of data
quantities
Receiver volume & power, duration
of test
Networking
Reduce channel inefficiencies
Destructive & short duration tests
On-Board Processing
Significant reduction of
transmitted data
Unexpected events
Data Compression
Potential to reduce amount of
transmitted data
Link layer compression has no
advantage
On-Board Recording
Off-loading of data not needed
real-time
No data if platform does not return
to ground intact
Modeling and
Simulation (M&S)
Reduced flight data collection
Validity and accuracy of M&S
In-Band Telemetry
No independent telemetry link
Data link not always available
Real Time Spectrum
Management
Efficient use of available
spectrum
Predictable behavior of algorithms
has not been verified
On-Board Test
Engineer
Reduce data transmission to
ground
Only feasible on large manned
aircraft
Directional Transmit
Antenna
Increased signal strength,
spectrum reuse
Volume, cost of antenna
RESOLUTION [COM7/5] (WRC-03)
Consideration of mobile allocations for use by wideband aeronautical
telemetry and associated telecommand
The World Radiocommunication Conference (Geneva, 2003)
Considering
a)
that there is a need to provide global spectrum to the mobile service for wideband
aeronautical telemetry systems;
b)
that there is an identified need for additional spectrum required to meet future
wideband aeronautical telemetry demands;
c)
that there is also a need to accommodate telecommand operations associated with
aeronautical telemetry;
that there is a need to protect existing services,
Noting
a)
that a number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are already allocated to the
mobile service, without excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a secondary
basis;
that any spectrum allocated to the mobile service above 3 GHz (to include aeronautical
telemetry) is not a substitution for existing allocations used for aeronautical telemetry
purposes below 3 GHz, the requirement for which will continue,
Recognizing
a)
that there are emerging telemetry systems with large data transfer requirements to
support testing of commercial aircraft and other airframes;
b)
that the future technologies and performance expectations for airborne platforms
contemplate a need for real-time monitoring of large data systems with multiple video
streams (including high-definition video), high-definition sensors, and integrated highspeed avionics;
c)
that the 2000 Radiocommunication Assembly approved Question ITU-R 231/8, titled:
"Operation of wideband aeronautical telemetry in bands above 3 GHz", with the
target date of 2005;
d)
that those studies will provide a basis for considering regulatory changes, including
additional allocations and recommendations, designed to accommodate justified
spectrum requirements of aeronautical mobile telemetry consistent with the
protection of incumbent services,
Resolves that [WRC-07/a future competent conference] be invited to:
1
consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile
telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz;
2
review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile
service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband
aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand;
3
consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical
mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation
of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account
considering d) above;
designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical
telemetry and associated telecommand,
invites ITU-R
to conduct, as a matter of urgency, studies to facilitate sharing between aeronautical mobile
telemetry and the associated telecommand, on the one hand, and existing services,
on the other hand, taking into account the resolves above.
ADD
COM7/353/7
(B13/361/7)
22
Res 230 AI 1.5
23