AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005 Introduction • WRC Agenda Item 1.5 • The Aeronautical Telemetering Community • The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • The.
Download ReportTranscript AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005 Introduction • WRC Agenda Item 1.5 • The Aeronautical Telemetering Community • The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • The.
AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005 2 Introduction • WRC Agenda Item 1.5 • The Aeronautical Telemetering Community • The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • The ICTS Position • A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5 3 WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5 1. consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz; 2. review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand; 3. consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above; 4. designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, 4 Future Data Rates 800 Data rate for one vehicle 700 Data Rate - Mbps 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 “Prediction is hard, especially about the future” 2025 5 Implications for the Spectrum 1800 1600 Bandwidth needed for one vehicle Bandwidth MHz 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2000 2005 Current B/W Allocation = 215 2010 PCM/FM 2015 Tier 1 2020 Tier 2 Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each modulation type: PCM/FM=2.4 Hz/bit Tier 1= 1.2 Hz/bit Tier 2= 0.8 Hz/bit 6 Region 1 Kiruna, Sweden Formosa Bay, Kenya Coronie, Surinam Biscarosse, France Salto di Quirra, Sardinia Aberporth, Wales Zingst, Germany Emba, Kazakhstan Region 3 Anna Plains, Australia Chandapore, India Sonmiani, Pakistan Chiu Peng, Taiwan Shuang Chenghzi, China Changwon, S.Korea Malute, Pakistan Wake, Marshall Islands Region 2 Tortuguero, Puerto Rico Punta Lobos, Peru Ft.Yukon, Alaska Nanoose Bay, Canada Mar Chiquita, Argentina Wallops, USA Stromfjord, Greenland Poker Flat, Alaska 7 Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM • Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms only for narrow band data transmission (e.g. Argos, Orbcomm) available • Onboard storage capacity limited by space and weight, data compression & reduction of science data onboard critical • Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime Therefore: • High-resolution science instruments, like imaging sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon, Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband telemetry links to fulfill their future missions 8 Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV required for In-situ-measurements & calibration of satellite and groundborne instruments Examples of important disciplines : • Geophysics Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research • Biology Animal behaviour & wildlife research • Remote Medical Supervision patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions („bush telemetry“) 9 Science and Telemetry Goes Global… • Local changes of environmental parameters have a world-wide impact • Wide-area telemetry networks needed to collect data from e.g. remote field stations, balloons, buoys, sounding rockets, UAV • Specific ranges for launching, science observations and data collection worldwide available 10 ICTS MISSION: To Ensure the Future Availability of Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telemetering 11 International Foundation for Telemetering Board of Directors ICTS Chair S. Lyons ICTS Vice Chair G. Mayer ICTS Secretary/Treasurer D. Holtmeyer Region I (Europe/Africa) Coordinator J. M. Berges www.telemetry.org Region II (Americas) Coordinator M. Ryan Region III (Asia) Coordinator V. Crouch [email protected] Region I Members Region II Members Region III Members 12 Aeronautical Telemetry 13 What is Telemetry? Telemetry : The process of measuring at a distance. Aeronautical telemetry: The process of making measurements on an aeronautical vehicle and sending those measurements to a distant location for analysis Vibrations Velocities Flows Pressures If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement Temperatures 14 End Slide 15 Current Band Allocations Band (MHz) 4400-4800 ITU All Regions US X G 4940-4990 4800-4825; 4835-4940 4940-4950 5850-5925 X 6875-7125 X 7125-7300 X 7900-8025 X 4800-4940 14,50015,300 X X=Permitted Common Europe X - harmonized military band G UK France Italy Other European Austria, Finland, Norway Spain Sweden G G X Defense All G G Finland, Spain G G Finland, Spain X G NG X Defense NG 7145-7235 72507300 X - harmonized military band 7900-7975 MHz in NATO Countries 14,714.515,136.5 X - harmonized 14,620military band 15,230 Austria, Norway, Spain Sweden Spain Sweden Norway, Spain, Sweden NG to 7250 Australia X Defense Canada G 44604540 G 49004940 X X 7125-7250 Austria(79428000) Norway, Spain, Sweden G 14,50015,250 G=Government Only 14,62015,350 14,714.5Austria, Norway, 15,136.5 (secondary) Spain, Sweden Defense, rest open NG=Non-Government Only 16 Current Band Allocations (Concluded) Band (MHz)ITU All Regions Japan India (Draft) Taiwan Argentina Brazil Chile Germany 4400-4800 X After 1/1/10 X X 4400-4500 4800-4940 4800-4825, 4835-4940 4800-4900 After 1/1/10 4800-4825, 4835-4940 X 4900-4925 4935-4940 4940-4990 4940-4950 4940-4950 X 4940-4950 5850-5925 X X X x X 6875-7125 X X X 6875-7100 X 7125-7300 X X X X 7900-8000 X X X X 7900-7975 X X 14,62015,230 14,500-15,300 X X=Permitted X 7125-7250 Public Service Commercial Telecom Service G=Government Only X NG=Non-Government Only 17 Spectrum Encroachment WARC 92 US Alternative BBA 97 2350 2300 2250 2200 2390 2360-2390 MHz: Manned 2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned 2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry OBRA 93 BBA 97 WARC 92 1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry 1525 1485 1460 1435 1500 One A/C can easily use over 20MHz of spectrum for a single mission Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar 18 TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS • The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many different nations and many purposes – National defense – Commercial aerospace industry – Space applications – Scientific research • The primary telemetering applications represented by ICTS are – Range and range support systems • Land mobile • Sea ranges • Air ranges – Space-based telemetry systems – Meteorological telemetry 19 ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP •Aero-Sensing •Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination Council •Aerospatiale Airbus •Airbus •Australian Department of Defence •Boeing Company •British Aerospace •Dassault Aviation •Eurocopter •European Telemetering Standardization Committee •French Department of Defense •German Society of Telemetering •IN SNEC •MITRE Corporation •National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) •New Mexico State University •Sandia National Laboratories •SEE •Spanish Department of Defense •United Kingdom Department of Defence •United States Department of Defense 14 20 10 /11/20 00 Atmospheric Attenuation vs. Frequency Proposed New TM Band A: Rain Specific Attenuation ( dB/km) Dow npour (150 mm/hr) Heavy (25 mm /hr) Light (5 mm /hr) Drizzle (0.2 5 m m/hr) B: Fog (0.1g/m 3) C: G aseous (H 2O + O 2) Source: Attenuation by Atm ospheric Gases, Report 719-3, Reports of the CCIR, 19990, Annex to Vol. V: Pr opagation in NonIonized Media, Geneva, 1990, pg. 190. 3 L, S TM Bands 30 Fre quency (GHz) M ITRE 21 Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum Growth Technique Potential Gain Limitations Command Link Significant reduction of data quantities Receiver volume & power, duration of test Networking Reduce channel inefficiencies Destructive & short duration tests On-Board Processing Significant reduction of transmitted data Unexpected events Data Compression Potential to reduce amount of transmitted data Link layer compression has no advantage On-Board Recording Off-loading of data not needed real-time No data if platform does not return to ground intact Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Reduced flight data collection Validity and accuracy of M&S In-Band Telemetry No independent telemetry link Data link not always available Real Time Spectrum Management Efficient use of available spectrum Predictable behavior of algorithms has not been verified On-Board Test Engineer Reduce data transmission to ground Only feasible on large manned aircraft Directional Transmit Antenna Increased signal strength, spectrum reuse Volume, cost of antenna RESOLUTION [COM7/5] (WRC-03) Consideration of mobile allocations for use by wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand The World Radiocommunication Conference (Geneva, 2003) Considering a) that there is a need to provide global spectrum to the mobile service for wideband aeronautical telemetry systems; b) that there is an identified need for additional spectrum required to meet future wideband aeronautical telemetry demands; c) that there is also a need to accommodate telecommand operations associated with aeronautical telemetry; that there is a need to protect existing services, Noting a) that a number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are already allocated to the mobile service, without excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a secondary basis; that any spectrum allocated to the mobile service above 3 GHz (to include aeronautical telemetry) is not a substitution for existing allocations used for aeronautical telemetry purposes below 3 GHz, the requirement for which will continue, Recognizing a) that there are emerging telemetry systems with large data transfer requirements to support testing of commercial aircraft and other airframes; b) that the future technologies and performance expectations for airborne platforms contemplate a need for real-time monitoring of large data systems with multiple video streams (including high-definition video), high-definition sensors, and integrated highspeed avionics; c) that the 2000 Radiocommunication Assembly approved Question ITU-R 231/8, titled: "Operation of wideband aeronautical telemetry in bands above 3 GHz", with the target date of 2005; d) that those studies will provide a basis for considering regulatory changes, including additional allocations and recommendations, designed to accommodate justified spectrum requirements of aeronautical mobile telemetry consistent with the protection of incumbent services, Resolves that [WRC-07/a future competent conference] be invited to: 1 consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz; 2 review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand; 3 consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above; designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, invites ITU-R to conduct, as a matter of urgency, studies to facilitate sharing between aeronautical mobile telemetry and the associated telecommand, on the one hand, and existing services, on the other hand, taking into account the resolves above. ADD COM7/353/7 (B13/361/7) 22 Res 230 AI 1.5 23