Transcript Pages 661-668 Ocean Water is not pure!  Two main dissolved gases = N2 and O2.  CO2 (in large amounts)  Other.

Pages 661-668
Ocean Water is not pure!
 Two main dissolved gases = N2 and O2.
 CO2 (in large amounts)
 Other atmospheric gases (in small amounts)
Gases enter the ocean from…
 the atmosphere (most O2 enters this way)
 underwater volcanoes
 marine organisms
 streams and rivers
Temperature and Dissolved Gases
 Gases dissolve more readily in COLD water.
 Water at the surface of the ocean in COLD regions
dissolve larger amounts of gases than water in WARM
tropical regions.
 Gases can return to atmosphere from ocean
(evaporation).
Carbon Sink
 Ocean = 60X as much Carbon as atmosphere
 CO2 trapped in ocean for years and years
 Ocean is a carbon sink….b/c ability to dissolve and
contain a lot of CO2
 CO2 traps thermal energy, so ocean is important in
climate regulation
Dissolved Solids
 Ocean water = 96.5% pure water and 3.5% dissolved
solids called sea salts
 Dissolved solids made of 75 elements.
 Ocean water mostly…Cl, Na, Mg, S, Ca, K
 85% of solids is HALITE
 Trace elements(in small amounts) Au, Zn, P
Sources of Dissolved Solids
 Volcanic eruptions
 Chemical weathering of rock on land
 Chemical reactions b/t sea water and newly formed sea
floor rocks
Salinity of Ocean H2O
 Salinity – measure of the amount of dissolved salts and
other solids in a given liquid
 Measured by # grams of dissolved solids in 1,000 grams
ocean water (parts per thousand or ‰)
 Higher salinity = better conductivity
Factors that Change Salinity
 Precipitation = fresh water
 Ocean water evaporates or freezes…only H2O
molecules removed
 Rate of evaporation higher than precipitation =
salinity of surface water increases
 Equatorial water = salinity lower
 Salinity ranges 33‰ to 36 ‰, average 34.7 ‰
Temperature of Ocean Water
 Varies with depth and location on the surface
 Temperature range is affected by amount of solar
energy and movement of water in the ocean