Transcript Studying Earth Science Chapter Two: The Science Toolbox • 2.1 Measurement • 2.2 Measuring Time and Temperature • 2.3 Systems and Variables • 2.4

Studying Earth Science
Chapter Two: The Science Toolbox
• 2.1 Measurement
• 2.2 Measuring Time and Temperature
• 2.3 Systems and Variables
• 2.4 Graphs
2.1 Measurement
• A measurement is a
number that includes a
unit.
• A unit is a specific
quantity that is counted to
make a measurement.
How are a meter stick
and yard stick different?
2.1 Measurement
• A basketball player
might say, “I’m tall! I’m
almost 2 high.”
• But, the basketball
player is not tall if his
height is almost 2 feet.
• If the basketball player
is 2 meters tall, this is a
height of about 6 feet 6
inches.
2.1 Measurement
• At one time, the English System of
measurements included nearly a
dozen units just for weight.
• These units were hard to compare to
each other.
2.1 The Metric System
• During the 1800s, a new system of
measurement was developed in Europe
and Great Britain—the Metric System.
• All units are multiples of 10.
2.1 More on s.i. units
Today a meter is
defined more
accurately using
the speed of light.
• The meter is the basic
distance unit for the SI
Units system of
measurement.
• In 1791, a meter was
1/10,000,000 the
distance from the North
Pole to Earth’s equator.
2.1 The meter
• Prefixes are added to the names of basic
units in the SI Units system.
• Prefixes describe very small or large
measurements.
2.1 Measuring example
2.1 Measuring mass and weight
• Matter has mass and takes up space.
• The mass of an object equals the amount
of matter it contains.
How much matter is in a paper clip?
2.1 Measuring mass and weight
• Mass and weight are
not the same thing.
• On Earth, 15 apples
weigh about 5 pounds.
• On Mars, these same
15 apples would weigh
only about 2 pounds.
2.2 Mass and weight
• Weight is a measure
of the force of gravity.
• The more mass an
object has, the greater
the force of gravity on
that object.
Which planet has a great force due to gravity?
2.2 Pounds and grams
• In science, we use the terms “grams” and
“mass” instead of “pounds” and “weight.”
2.1 Mass
• A gram is the basic unit of mass in the SI
Units measuring system.
2.1 Volume
• Volume measures how
much space is occupied
by an object.
• The formula for the
volume of a rectangular
solid is:
– length × width × height.
The basic SI unit of
volume is the liter.
2.1 Measuring volume
with S.I. units
• Large volumes are
measured in cubic
meters.
Mono Lake in CA measures
3,200, 000, 000 m3
2.1 Measuring volume
with S.I. units
• If an object is a solid cube or rectangle, you can
measure its length, width, and height in SI units.
2.1 Measuring volume
with S.I. units
• The volume of liquids
can be measured by
pouring them into
containers like beakers
or graduated cylinders.
• Volume found this way
is reported in milliliters
(mL).