Transcript Open GALEN The User is always right… (even when they are wrong) Making knowledge representation useful & usable Alan Rector School of Computer Science, University of.

Open GALEN
The User is always right…
(even when they are wrong)
Making knowledge representation
useful & usable
Alan Rector
School of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Northwest institute of BioHealth Informatics
[email protected]
www.clinical-esciences.org
www.co-ode.org
with thanks to
Jeremy Rogers, Anthony Nowlan,
and the SWBP, OWL, CO-ODE &
Protégé teams
© University of Manchester
1
• Problem space
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Answer questions
Advising on actions
Hazard monitoring
Creating forms
Discovering resources
Constraint actions
Assess risk
…
• Solution space
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Logics
Rules
Frames
Planners
Logic programming
Bayes nets
Decision theory
Fuzzy sets
Open / closed world
…
2
• Solution space
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Logics
Rules
Frames
Planners
Logic programming
Bayes nets
Decision theory
Fuzzy sets
Open / closed world
…
• Problem space
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Answer questions
Advising on actions
Hazard monitoring
Creating forms
Discovering resources
Constraint actions
Assess risk
…
3
Problem space & solution space
Problem
space
Guidelines, Patterns, Tools
Solution
space
``
4
The knowledge principle
• A system exhibits intelligent
understanding and action at a high level of
competence primarily because of the
specific knowledge that it contains about
its domain of endeavor.
– Ed Feigenbaum: The Age of Intelligent
Machines: Knowledge Processing--From File
Servers to Knowledge Servers, 1990
• Knowledge comes from domain experts:
Derived from and delivered to the problem space
5
…and a Key Reference Point
• We argue that logical soundness, completeness,
and worst-case complexity are inadequate
measures for evaluating the utility of
representation services, and that this evaluation
should employ the broader notions of utility and
rationality …”
– Two theses of knowledge representation: Language
restrictions, taxonomic classification and the utility of
representation services.
Doyle, J and Patil, R, Artificial Intelligence, 1991. 48: p.
261-297
6
Where I come from
Clinical
Terminology
Data
Entry
Clinical
Record
Clinical research
Best
&
Decision Support Practice
Healthcare
Mr Ivor Bigun
Dun Roamin
Anytown
Any country
4431 3654 90273
GALEN
Ontologies &
Description
logics
Data
Entry
Electronic
Health
Records
Clinical research
Best
Decision Support & Practice
Knowledge
Presentation
7
By way of User Centred Design
KR was a solution, not a goal
8
… and now to
•
BioOntologies, Anatomy, and Molecular Pathways
– Capturing biologists knowledge
– Reconciling diverse views / Avoiding ontological dogmatism
– Integrating ≥500 sources
•
Healthcare record standards: Data models and Terminology
– Improving the rigour of “UML” based message standards
– Binding of terminology to data models
•
Medical terminologies / ontologies
– GALEN, SNOMED, NCI thesaurus
•
Forms generation for clinical trials, data entry & entry and
decision support.
– PEN&PAD Revisited
•
User oriented Ontology Tools - CO-ODE/Protégé-OWL
•
Semantic Web Best Practice WG &
Healthcare & Life Sciences SIG
(& campaigner for OWL 1.1)
9
Some Recent User Experiences
•
Two companies building clinical systems
– Intelligent forms creation and constraint management
• Mastering a combinatorial explosion of ≥107
– Workshops, Training and subcontracting
•
NHS National Programme for IT:
– Additional constraints to UML and between UML and
terminology/ontology
• Different implementation of the standard don’t fit
– Managing SNOMED
• Large ≥450K ters DL based terminology
•
Biologists research groups
– Two four day workshops
•
The Anatomy community trying to harmonise vertebrate
anatomy
– Workshops towards a common vertebrate anatomy
10
What are my prejudices?
• “First do the right thing; then do it right”
– and hope that by the time you know what to do
someone else can show you how
• “There is no one way!”
– “Society for the Promotion of Secular Ontology”
• “Better” is better than “best”
– The best is often the enemy of the good
• Unobtrusive assistance is better than
advice
– “Shedding light” rather than
“uttering prophecies”
11
Who are my users?
• Intermediate users
– Clinical terminologies developers
• GO, SNOMED, GALEN, CCAM, FMA, …
– IT staff configuring clinical systems
• NHS, Healthcare information systems staff
– Standards developers
• BioPAX, HL7, ??ML,…,
• Near to end users
– Bioinformaticians
– Trialists and other specialist healthcare informaticians
• End users
– Biolomedical scientists
– Clinicians, carers and patients
12
The rest of the talk
• Our experiences
– Our original application:
Fractal tailoring of data input forms
– Building large terminologies
• Logic as the clips for “Conceptual Lego”
• Untangling and normalisation
– Working with biologists
• Observations on Knowledge Resources and
“Ontologies”
– Things we have found
– Things we need
13
Where we started:
A Vision
• Useful and Usable clinical systems
– Information when and where you need it
• to make better decisions
– “Shedding light”
– “Cuing”
– In your own language
• Aggregated data as a byproduct of clinical
• …without getting caught in the
combinatorial explosion
14
Clinergy/ Pen&PAD
• Nice product, bad timing.
15
Forms
16
and more forms
17
Generated Text
And
automatic
(Read) code
generation
18
But there are combinatorially
many possible forms
• The PROMIS system was discontinued in
1987 at 70K forms and accelerating
– A major influence on our work
• For us KR is a way to avoid combinatorial
explosions
• A supplier recently expanded all XML
forms for data capture in one clinic to 107
19
Fractal tailoring of reusable resources:
example of data collection forms for trials
Renin dependent
Hypertension at
St Stevens Hospitals
for the National
Hypertension20Survey
Problems:
The exploding bicycle
(codes for injuries involving cyclists)
• 1972 ICD-9 (E826) 8
• READ-2 (T30..) 81
• READ-3 87
• 1999 ICD-10 ……
ICD = International Classification of diseases
21
t opCl a s s
I Ce r t a i n i nf e c t i ous a nd pa r a s i t i c di s e a s e s
I I Ne opl a s m s
I I I Di s e a s e s of t he bl ood a nd bl o od- f or m i ng o r ga ns a nd c e r t a i n di s or de r s i nvol vi ng t he i m m une m e c ha ni s m
I V Endo c r i ne , nut r i t i ona l a nd m e t a bol i c di s e a s e s
V M e nt a l a nd be ha vi our a l di s or de r s
VI Di s e a s e s of t he n e r vous s ys t e m
VI I Di s e a s e s of t he aedne
ye xa
a nd
VI I I Di s e a s e s of t he e a r a nd m a s t oi d pr oc e s s
I X Di s e a s e s of t he c i r c ul a t or y s y s t e m s
X Di s e a s e s of t he r e s pi r a t or y s ys t e m
XI Di s e a s e s of t he d i ge s t i ve s ys t e m
XI I Di s e a s e s of t he s ki n a nd s ubc ut a ne ous t i s s ue
XI I I Di s e a s e s of t he m us c ul os ke l e t a l s ys t e m a nd c onne c t i v e t i s s ue
XI V Di s e a s e s of t he ge ni t our i na r y s ys t e m
XV Pr e g na nc y, c hi l db i r t h pue
a ndr pet he
r i um
XVI Ce r t a i n c ondi t i o ns or i gi nape
t irni gnait pe
na lrt ihe
od
XVI I Co nge ni t a l m a l f or m a t i ons , de f or m a t i ons a nd c hr om os om a l a bnor m a l i t i e s
XVI I I Sym pt om s , s i gns a nd a bnor m a l c l i ni c a l a nd l a bor a t o r y f i ndi ngs , not e l s e whe r e c l a s s i f i e d
XI X I nj ur y, poi s oni n g a nd c e r t a i n ot he r c ons e q ue nc e s of e xt e r na l c a us e s
XX Ext e r na l c a us e s o f m or bi di t y a nd m or t a l i t y
V01- V99 Tr a ns por t a c c i de nt s
V01- V09 Pe de s t r i a n i nj ur e d i n t r a ns por t a c c i de nt
V10- V19 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n t r a ns por t a c c i de nt
V10 Pe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m a l
V10. 0 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t nont
r i a nr aor
f faicaccnii de
m na lt , dr i ve r ,
V10. 00 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r e, nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V10. 01 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r e, nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V10. 02 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r wor
, k i ng f or a n i n c om e
V10. 03 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r e, nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V10. 04 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r r, e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng , e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i V12.
n ot 4hePe
r da
vi lt acl ycalcit sitvi it nj
i eur
s e d i n c o l l i s i on
V10. 08 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , whi
dr i lve
e r e, nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V12. 40 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 09 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s tnont
r i a nr aofrfaicaccnii de
m na tl , dur
dr i ive
ngr , uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V12. 41 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 1 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n orr aaf ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa s s e nge r ,
V12. 42 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 10 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r e, nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V10. 11 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r e, nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V12. 43 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 12 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r wor
, k i ng f or a n i n c om e
V12. 44 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 13 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r e, nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V10. 14 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r r, e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng , e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t V12.
i vi t48
i e sPe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 18 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r e, nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V12. 49 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 19 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i anont
n o r a af ni
faicm
cc iade
l , n tpa
, sdur
s e nge
i ngr , uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V12. 5 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d
V10. 2 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m nont
a l , runs
a f fpe
aiccc i fde
i endt pe da l c yc l i s t ,
V12. 50 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 20 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
e ng
l i asge
t , d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
1999 ICD10: 587 codes
V10. 21 Pe da l
V10. 22 Pe da l
V10. 23 Pe da l
V10. 24 Pe da l
V10. 28 Pe da l
V10. 29 Pe da l
V10. 3 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 30 Pe da l
V10. 31 Pe da l
V10. 32 Pe da l
V10. 33 Pe da l
V10. 34 Pe da l
V10. 38 Pe da l
V10. 39 Pe da l
V10. 4 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 40 Pe da l
V10. 41 Pe da l
V10. 42 Pe da l
V10. 43 Pe da l
V10. 44 Pe da l
V10. 48 Pe da l
V10. 49 Pe da l
V10. 5 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 50 Pe da l
V10. 51 Pe da l
V10. 52 Pe da l
V10. 53 Pe da l
V10. 54 Pe da l
V10. 58 Pe da l
V10. 59 Pe da l
V10. 9 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V10. 90 Pe da l
V10. 91 Pe da l
V10. 92 Pe da l
V10. 93 Pe da l
V10. 94 Pe da l
V10. 98 Pe da l
V10. 99 Pe da l
V11 Pe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d
V11. 0 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 00 Pe da l
V11. 01 Pe da l
V11. 02 Pe da l
V11. 03 Pe da l
V11. 04 Pe da l
V11. 08 Pe da l
V11. 09 Pe da l
V11. 1 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 10 Pe da l
V11. 11 Pe da l
V11. 12 Pe da l
V11. 13 Pe da l
V11. 14 Pe da l
V11. 18 Pe da l
V11. 19 Pe da l
V11. 2 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 20 Pe da l
V11. 21 Pe da l
V11. 22 Pe da l
V11. 23 Pe da l
V11. 24 Pe da l
V11. 28 Pe da l
V11. 29 Pe da l
V11. 3 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 30 Pe da l
V11. 31 Pe da l
V11. 32 Pe da l
V11. 33 Pe da l
V11. 34 Pe da l
V11. 38 Pe da l
V11. 39 Pe da l
V11. 4 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 40 Pe da l
V11. 41 Pe da l
V11. 42 Pe da l
V11. 43 Pe da l
V11. 44 Pe da l
V11. 48 Pe da l
V11. 49 Pe da l
V11. 5 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 50 Pe da l
V11. 51 Pe da l
V11. 52 Pe da l
V11. 53 Pe da l
V11. 54 Pe da l
V11. 58 Pe da l
V11. 59 Pe da l
V11. 9 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V11. 90 Pe da l
V11. 91 Pe da l
V11. 92 Pe da l
V11. 93 Pe da l
V11. 94 Pe da l
V11. 98 Pe da l
V11. 99 Pe da l
V12 Pe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d
V12. 0 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V12. 00 Pe da l
V12. 01 Pe da l
V12. 02 Pe da l
V12. 03 Pe da l
V12. 04 Pe da l
V12. 08 Pe da l
V12. 09 Pe da l
V12. 1 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V12. 10 Pe da l
V12. 11 Pe da l
V12. 12 Pe da l
V12. 13 Pe da l
V12. 14 Pe da l
V12. 18 Pe da l
V12. 19 Pe da l
V12. 2 Pe da l c yc l i s t
V12. 20 Pe da l
V12. 21 Pe da l
V12. 22 Pe da l
V12. 23 Pe da l
V12. 24 Pe da l
V12. 28 Pe da l
V12. 29 Pe da l
wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or ve hi c l e , d r i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r aV14.
f f i c4 aPe
c cda
i de
, lwhi
e nga
t ypwi
e st hof hewor
l ntc yc
i s tl ei nj
ur ege
d di ni nc ootl lhe
i sr i on
a vyk t r a ns po r t ve hi c l e or bus , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l eV14.
r e s40
t i ng
pi lng,
t i ur
nge dori ne nga
i n wi
ot the
t a l t raacns
t i pvor
i t ti eve
s hi c l e o r bus ,
Pe, dasll eceyc
i s t eianj
c olgi
l ing
s i on
h rhevi
a vy
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l eV14.
e nga
d da
i nl ot
helri sstpeicnj
i fur
i eedd aicnt i cviolt li iessi on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus ,
41gePe
c yc
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng
uns
c i da
f i le dc yc
a clt ii svi
V14.
42pePe
t t iynj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus ,
de nt
dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s p or t s a c t i vi t y
dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or ve hi c l e , p a s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V14. 43 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , whi
l e 44
e nga
a cur
t i evi
V14.
Pege
dadl i cnycslpor
i s tt si nj
d t iyn c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V12. 51 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , whi
l e 48
e nga
c t ei dvi it ny c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
e ng
l i asge
t , d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V14.
Pege
dadl i cnycl leii sstur ienjaur
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
wor
l i ki
s t ng
, f or a n i nc om e
V12. 52 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , whi
l e 49
wor Pe
k i da
ngl fcor
omuree d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V14.
yc lains ti nicnj
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
e ng
l i asge
t , d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V12. 53 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de
n t , 5 whi
l el ecnga
V14.
Pe da
yc lge
i sdt i innjoturhe
e dr it nype
c osl lof
i s iwor
on kwi t h he a vy t r a ns po r t ve hi c l e or bus , pa s s e ng e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
r el si tsit ng,
,
s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V12. 54 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , whi
l e 50
r e sPe
t i da
ng,l csyc
l eleipi
a t ei dngi norc ol
e nga
ng wi
i nt ho t he
hearvyvi tt raal nsapcor
t i tvi ve
t i hi
e sc l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i v i t y
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
ai ccci ifde
i ent
d ,pewhi
d a l l ec yc
e ng
l i asge
t , d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V14.
s tngi, njeur
l i sgi
i on
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m nont
a l , run
a fsfpe
aiccc i fdei endt , pedur
d a li ng
c ycuns
l i spe
t ,c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V12. 58 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , whi
l e 51
e nga
peur
c i efdi eidn accol
t i lvi
e s wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V14.
Pege
dadl i cnycot
l ihe
s tr isnj
i st ii on
i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m a l , whi l e boa r di ng o r a l i ght i ng
V12. 59 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t , dur
i ng52uns
e dl iasctt i ivi
y e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f o r a n i nc om e
V14.
Pepe
dacli fci yc
njt ur
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
d e nt53 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t iV12.
vi t y9 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or ve hi c l e , u ns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c iV14.
V12. 90 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a fV14.
f i c 54
a c cPe
i de
whi
geedd i inn scpo
c t i wi
vi tt hy he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi n g i n ot he r v i t a l a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e wor ki n g f or a n i nc o m e
dant
l , c yc
l il set einga
nj ur
olrlt iss iaon
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t y pe s of wor kV12. 91 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V14. 58 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e r e s t i n g, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e ng a gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V12. 92 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a fV14.
f i c 59
a c cPe
i de
whi
n li inc
dant
l , c yc
l il set wor
i njki
urng
e d fior
n caol
s iom
on ewi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s p e c i f i e d a c t i v i t i e s
V12. 93 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i sV14.
t , t 9r aPe
f f da
i cl accyc
c i lde
whiurl eed einga
ot hwi
e rt ht ype
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , wh i l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
i snt
t , i nj
n cge
o ldl ii sni on
he asvyof t rwor
a nskpo r t ve hi c l e or bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c y c l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V12. 94 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a fV14.
f i c 90
a c cPe
i de
whi
s t ur
i ng,
p i lng,
e a t wi
i ng
ngatgi
n tot ve
hehi
r cvi
c t i ,vi uns
t i epe
s c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
dant
l , c yc
l il set r ienj
e d isnl eceol
i s i on
t h or
he aevy
r ang
ns pi or
l et aol r abus
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V12. 98 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a fV14.
f i c 91
a c cPe
i de
whi
geedd i inn ot
h elri ssipe
f i tehd he
a cat vy
i vi tt ri aens
s p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
dant
l , c yc
l il set einga
nj ur
c ol
onc i wi
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V12. 99 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d p e da l c yc l i s t , t r a fV14.
f i c 92
a c cPe
i de
dur
peecdi fii ne dc ol
a clt ii svi
t y wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
dant
l , c yc
l ii sng
t iuns
nj ur
i on
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V14. 93 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t yp e s of wor k
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, V13
e a t iPe
ngd aor
nga
t i vi
l ceyc
l i gi
s t ngi nij nurot
e dhei rn vciolt al li sai con
wi tt ihe sc a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n
V14. 94 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng , s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e ng a gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i v i t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , wh i l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V13. 0 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up rtarfuc
f aikc cor
i deva
ntn, dr i ve r ,
V14. 98 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i v i t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , du r i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 00 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e re,ng a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V14. 99 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V13. 01 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e re,ng a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t iV15
vi t yPe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n o r r a i l wa y ve h i c l e
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y V13. 02 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e rwor
, ki ng f or a n i nc om e
V15. 0 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or rr aaif lf wa
ai cyc i vdee hi
nt c l e , dr i ve r ,
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki n g f or a n i nc o m e
nont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e re,ng a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t y pe s of wor kV13. 03 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c kV15. 00 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i ve ng
e r ,a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
i nj ur e d
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
i nj ur e d
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
i nj ur e d
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
04ngPeida
yc rl i vi
s t t ai lnj aurc teidvii tni ec sol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e rr ,e s t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ngV15.
i n 01
o t he
l l ai cs tt i vi
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i n g, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or eV13.
ng a gi
n l otche
Perdavi
l tcayc
i njt iure se d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s p e c i f i e d a c tV13.
i v i t08
i e sPe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , whi
dr il ve
e re,ng a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e sV15. 02 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 09 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c knont
up r tarf uc
f ai kc cor
i deva
nt n, , dur
dr ii ve
ngr ,un s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V15. 03 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n or a ni m a l , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de n t
Pe da
i stt y i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r akf f or
ai c cva
i de
n,nt pa s s e nge r ,
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge dV13.
i n 1s por
t sl accyc
t il vi
V15. 04 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge d i n l e iV13.
s u r e10a cPe
t ida
vil t yc yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e re,ng a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V15. 08 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a nV13.
i nc11
omPe
e da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e re,ng a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V15. 09 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V13.
c yc el nga
i s t gii ng
nj uri ne doti he
n rc olvil ti as li on
t ht iceasr , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e rwor
, ki ng f or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi
n g,12e aPe
t ida
ngl or
a c twii vi
V15. 1 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y
V13.
s t t ii enjs ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e re,ng a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge d i n ot he
r s13
pe cPe
i fda
i el d cayc
c tl i vi
V15. 10 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h pe de s t r i a n o r a ni m a l , un s pe c i f i e d pe d a l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng un s pe c i f i e d aV13.
c t i vi
14t yPe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e r ,e s t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi
ng 11
i n Pe
o tda
hel r cvi
V15.
yctl ai ls t a ci tnji vi
urteide si n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e
V13. 18 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, swhi
s e nge
l e re,ng a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi tV15.
i e s 12 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai ccyc
c i lde
e ,nt dr i ve r ,
V13. 19 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- upnont
t r uc
r a kf f or
ai c cva
i de
n ,nt pa
, sdur
s e nge
i ngr ,un s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e e ng a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V15. 13 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e e ng a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V13. 2 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n, r auns
f f aipe
c ccii de
f i nt
e d pe da l c yc l i s t ,
V15. 14 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
V13. 20 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle ceyc
ngl ai ge
s td, i n s por t s a c t i viV15.
t y 18 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e e ng a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
•V31.22 Occupant of three-wheeled motor vehicle injured in collision
with pedal cycle, person on outside of vehicle, nontraffic accident, while
working for income
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i ve ng
e r ,a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i vwor
e r ,ki ng f or a n i nc om e
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i ve ng
e r ,a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i vr e sr ,t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l ewhi
, dr
l e i ve ng
e r ,a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
r a i l wa y t r a i n nont
or r a if lf wa
ai c yc i de
ve hi
nt c, l edur
, dr
i ng
i v un
e r ,s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awaf yf ai cvceihidec nt
l e , pa s s e nge r ,
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
e ngr a, ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
e ngr a, ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
worr ki
, ng f or a n i nc om e
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
e ngr a, ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
r e sr t, i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, whi
pa s ls ee nge
e ngr a, ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle ceyc
ngl ai ge
s td, i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi
t y 19 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or nont
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t iV13.
e s 21 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
V15.
r a i rl awa
f fyai cve
c ihidecnt
l e,, dur
pa s is ng
e nge
unr s, pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 22 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle cwor
yc l ki
i sng
t , f or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, iwhi
ve rl ,e e ng a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot henont
r per da
a f lf ai c yc
c i lde
e ,nt dr
, idur
ve ri ,ng un s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 23 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle ceyc
ngl ai ge
s td, i n ot he r V15.
t ype2s Pe
ofdawor
l c kyc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y v enont
hi c lrea,f funs
ai c cpe
i de
c intf i e d pe da l c yc l i s t ,
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe
nont
da lr a cf yc
f ai cl ce i, depants s e ng e r ,
V13. 24 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle cryc
e sl ti isng,
t , s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng
or20 e nga
gil ngc yci nl i os tt hei rnj vi
te adl i anc ct iolvil ti is ei son wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
V15.
Pe
da
ur
hi
c
l
r
e
a
,
f
f
uns
a
i
c
c
p
i
e
de
c
intf i, e dwhipel da
e le ng
c yc
a ge
l ids ti ,n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, e ng a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V13. 28 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
whi
dalle ceyc
ngl ai ge
s td, i n ot he r s pe c i f iV15.
e d a21
c t iPevidat il e sc yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, e ng a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e dwhipel da
e le ng
c yc
a ge
l ids ti ,n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
V13. 29 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or nont
va n ,r auns
f f aipe
c cciide
f i nt
e d, pe
dur
dailngc yc
unl si pe
s tc,i f i e d a c t i vi t y V15. 22 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e dwhipel da
e lworc yc
ki lng
i s tf ,or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, e ng a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V13. 3 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n, whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng
V15. 23 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e dwhipel da
e le ng
c yc
a ge
l ids ti ,n ot he r t ype s of wor k
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, r e s t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V13. 30 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e n ga ge dV15.
i n 24
s por
s la cctyc
i vi
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e whi
n ge lr e, e ng a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
Petda
l itsyt i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e dwhipel da
e lr e cs yc
t i lng,
i s t ,s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V13.
31
Pe
da
l
c
yc
l
i
s
t
i
nj
ur
e
d
i
n
c
ol
l
i
s
i
on
wi
t
h
c
a
r
,
pi
c
kup
t
r
uc
k
or
va
n
,
whi
l
e
boa
r
d
i
ng
or
a
l
i
ght
i
ng,
whi
l
e
e
n
ga
ge
d
i
n
l
e
i
s
ur
e
a
c
t
i
vi
t
y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r nont
pe da rl a fc fyc
ai cl ce i, depants ,s e dur
n ge ir ng
, un s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V15. 28 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e dwhipel da
e le ng
c yc
a ge
l ids ti ,n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcaiicfcii ede
d nt
pe da l c y c l i s t ,
V13. 32 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e wo r ki ngV15.
f or29a nPeida
nclomc yc
e l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y venont
hi c lr ea,f f uns
ai c cpi edec intf i, e ddurpei da
ngl un
c yc
s pe
l icsi tf ,i e d a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e leing
s ta,ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V13. 33 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e V15.
e n ga3gePe
d da
i nl otc yc
helri st type
s ur
of e dwoirnk c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y v e hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng
i nj
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e leing
s ta,ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V13. 34 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e r e s t i ng,
s l30
e e piPeng,
t ilng
e nga
t atlh arcatiilvi
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e lwor
i s tki, ng f or a n i nc om e
V15.
da l ecayc
i s tor i nj
ur egi
d ng
i n icnolot
l ihe
s ironviwi
wat yi etsr a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e leing
s ta,ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V13. 38 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e n ga ge dV15.
i n 31
ot he
i fliiesdt aicnj
t iur
vietdi eisn c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
Perdaslpeccyc
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e lr iesstt ,i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r V13.
vi t a 39
l a Pe
c t da
i vil t ci yc
e s l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , whi l e boa r d i ng or a l i ght i ng, dur i ng u ns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V15. 32 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e , whi l e wor k i ng f or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dawhi
l cl yc
e leing
s ta,ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V13. 4 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n, dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l enont
, uns
r ape
f fcai icfcii ede
d ntpe, dadur
l ci yc
ngl iun
s ts,pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V15. 33 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V13. 40 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i nV15.
s por
c tli vi
t yl i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga g i ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e b oa r di ng or a l i ght i ng
34t sPeada
c yc
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i v i t y
V13. 41 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i nV15.
l e i38
s ur Pe
e da
a clt icvi
yctlyi s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V13. 42 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or
a n39i nc
V15.
Peom
da le c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, d ur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e wor ki ng f o r a n i nc om e
V13. 43 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga
g e d4 i Pe
n da
ot lhecr yct lype
wor
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V15.
i s ts iof
nj ur
e dk i n c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y v e hi c l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi
n g 44
i n Pe
otda
hel r cvi
V13.
yc tl ai ls t a ci tnji vi
ur teide si n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, sV15.
l e e pi
e alt icng
h elri svi
t a lwiatcht i rvi
e sy t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
40ng,Pe da
yc lor
i s te niga
njgi
urng
e d iinn ot
c ol
i on
a it li wa
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi tV13.
i e s 48 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V15. 41 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i v i t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13.
49
Pe
da
l
c
yc
l
i
s
t
i
nj
ur
e
d
i
n
c
ol
l
i
s
i
on
wi
t
h
c
a
r
,
pi
c
kup
t
r
uc
k
or
va
n
,
dr
i
ve
r
,
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
a
c
c
i
de
nt
,
dur
i
ng
uns
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
t yl c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V15. 42 Pe da
V13. 5 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n, pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s p or t s a c t i vi t y
V15. 43 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s o f wor k
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V13. 50 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , whi l e e n ga ge dV15.
i n 44
s por
s la cctyc
i vi
Petda
l itsyt i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i n g or e nga gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
V13. 51 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , whi l e e n ga ge dV15.
i n 48
l e i Pe
s ur
t ilvi
dael accyc
i stty i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
Perdavi
l tcayc
i njt iure se d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , whi l e wo r ki ngV15.
f or49a nPeida
nclomc yc
e l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , dr i v e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi ngV13.
i n 52
ot he
l l ai cs tt i vi
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e sV13. 53 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , whi l e e n ga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wo r k
V15. 5 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y v e hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , dr i ve r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 54 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , whi l e r e s t i ng,
s l50
e e piPeng,
t ilng
e nga
t atl h arcat ii lvi
V15.
da l ecayc
i s tor i nj
ur egi
d ng
i n icnolot
l ihe
s ironviwi
wat yi etsr a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e ng e r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V13.
58
Pe
da
l
c
yc
l
i
s
t
i
nj
ur
e
d
i
n
c
ol
l
i
s
i
on
wi
t
h
c
a
r
,
pi
c
kup
t
r
uc
k
or
va
n
,
pa
s
s
e
nge
r
,
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
a
c
c
i
d
e
nt
,
whi
l
e
e
n
ga
ge
d
i
n
ot
he
r
s
pe
c
i
f
i
t iur
vietdi eisn c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i v i t y
V15. 51 Pe da l c yc l iesdt aicnj
V13. 59 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i d e nt , dur i ng u ns pe cV15.
i f i e52
d aPe
c t da
i vi
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
l t cyyc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f o r a n i nc om e
V13. 9 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n, uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V15. 53 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V13. 90 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
, whi
e da
e nga
t se da citni vi
t yl i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga g i ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V15.
54 l Pe
l cge
ycdl iisnt sipor
nj ur
c ol
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi n g i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
, whi
e da
e nga
i sur
ureed aicnt icvioltlyi s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi tV13.
i e s 91 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V15.
58 l Pe
l cge
ycdl iisnt l ienj
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , pa s s e n ge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V13. 92 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
, whi
e da
wor
ngl ifsor
n ur
i nc
V15.
59 l Pe
l ki
c yc
t ianj
e domi ne c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , pa s s e nge r , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , d ur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c y c l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V13. 93 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c V15.
a c c i 9dePe
nt da
, lwhic yc
l el iesnga
t ige
njduri end oit nhecro lt lype
i s isonof wiwor
t h kr a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y v e hi c l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
, whi
e da
r els tciyc
ng,
piur
ng,
ngawi
gi tng
t i ye sve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur eV13.
a c t94
i viPe
t yda l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V15.
90 l Pe
l i sstl eienj
e d eiant icng
ol lor
i s ieon
h ri ani lot
wahe
y rt rvi
a it na l ora crt ai ivi
l wa
, whi
e da
e nga
heur
r esdpeicni fci ol
e dl iasciton
i viwi
t i tehs r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i ncV13.
om e98 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
V15.
91 l Pe
l cge
ycdl iisnt oitnj
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r tV13.
yp e s99ofPewor
da l k c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h c a r , pi c k- up t r uc k or va n , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt
, dur
n gdauns
a cur
t i evi
V15.
92 i Pe
l cpe
yccli ifsi te di nj
d t iyn c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e wor ki ng f or a n i nc om e
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng , s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i v i t i e s
V14 Pe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns por t ve hi c l e or b us
V15. 93 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
r t ve
r ahi
f fcailcec i or
de ntbus , dr i ve r ,
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h ot he r pe da l c yc l e , uns pe c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns pe c i f i eV14.
d a c0t iPe
vida
t yl c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns ponont
V15. 94 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n ot he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or ve hi c l e
V14. 00 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl ieveerng
, a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V15. 98 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , whi l e e nga g e d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf fotai corc i de
vent
hi c l e , d r i ve r ,
V14. 01 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl ieveerng
, a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V15. 99 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h r a i l wa y t r a i n or r a i l wa y ve hi c l e , uns p e c i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t , t r a f f i c a c c i de nt , dur i ng uns p e c i f i e d a c t i v i t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i eve
ngr a, ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V14. 02 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl ievewor
r , ki ng f or a n i nc om
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i eve
ngr a, ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V16e Pe d a l c yc l i s t i n j ur e d i n c ol l i snonm
i on ot
wi torve
h hi
ot che
l er
V14. 03 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl ieveerng
, a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of V16.
wor k0 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l inonm
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i wor
ve r ki
, ng f or a n i nc om e
s i on otwior
tve
h hiotc he
l er, drnont
i ve rr, a f f ai c c i de nt
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i eve
ngr a, ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V14. 04 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl iever re ,s t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e ngaV16.
gi ng00i nPeoda
t he
vil ti aslt aicnjt iur
vietdi ei sn c ol l inonm
l rc yc
s i on otwior
tveh hiotc lhee r, drnont
i ve rr,a f f ai c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i rve
e sr t, i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 08 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,whidrl ieveerng
, a ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i viV16.
t i e s01 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l inonm
s i on otwior
tveh hiotc lhee r, drnont
i ve rr,a f f ai c c i de nt , whi l e e ng a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l whi
e , ldr
e i eve
ngr a, ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 09 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or
nont
t ve
r ahi
f f cai lcec i oder ntbus
, ,durdri ing
ve run
, s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whenont
e l e dr amf foait cor
c i de
vent
hi ,c l dur
e , idr
ngi ve
unr s, pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V16. 02 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l inonm
s i on otwior
tveh hiotc lhee r, drnont
i ve rr,a f f ai c c i de nt , whi l e wor k
i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m rota for
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e , p a s s e nge r ,
V14. 1 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns po r t nont
ve hir ca lf ef ai or
c c i de
busnt, pa s s e ng e r ,
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
e ngra, ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V14. 10 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ef ai cocr i de
busnt, , pawhi
s s le en ge
e ng
r , a ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
e ngra, ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V14. 11 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ef ai cocr i de
busnt, , pawhi
s s le en ge
e ng
r , a ge d i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
worrki
, ng f or a n i nc om e
•W65.40 Drowning and submersion while in bath-tub, street and highway,
while engaged in sports activity
•X35.44 Victim of volcanic eruption, street and highway, while resting,
sleeping, eating or engaging in other vital activities
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
i nj ur e d
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
c yc l i s t
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 3 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h t wo- or
V12. 30 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 31 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 32 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 33 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 34 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 38 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V12. 39 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h
V14. 12 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ef ai cocr i de
busnt, , pawhi
s s le en ge
wor
r , ki ng f or a n i nc om e
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
e ngra, ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
r e srt, i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he
r vi13t aPe
l da
a clt i cviyct li iesst i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
V14.
ve hir ac fl ef ai cocr i de
busnt, , pawhi
s s le en ge
e ng
r , a ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, whi
pa slsee nge
e ngra, ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 14 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ef ai cocr i de
busnt, , pawhi
s s le en ge
r er s, t i ng, s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l enont
d m roatfor
f ai cve
c ihi
decnt
l e,, dur
pa sisng
e nge
unrs, pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V14. 18 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ,ef i whi
oc r lbus
e e, nga
pa ge
s s de nige
n r o, t he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s a c c i de nt
t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or venont
hi c lr ea ,f f aui cnsc ipe
dec nt
i f i e d pe da l c yc l i s t ,
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedael ngc ayc
gel di s it n, s por t s a c t i vi t y
V14. 19 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t nont
ve hir ac fl ,ef i dur
oc r ibus
n g , uns
pa pe
s s ce infge
i er d, a c t i vi t y a c c i de nt
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedael ngc ayc
gel di s it n, l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
V14. 2 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns po r t ve hi c l e ornont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnt
i e d pe da l c y c l i s t ,
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedawor
l c ki
yc ng
l i s ft or
, a n i nc om e
V14. 20 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el ecng
ycalge
i sdt ,i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedael ngc ayc
gel di s it n, ot he r t ype s of wor k
V14.
yctl ai ls t a ci tnji vi
urteide si n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el ecng
ycalge
i sdt ,i n l e i s u r e a c t i vi t y
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedarl e sc tyc
i ng,
l i s t s, l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi
ng 21
i n Pe
o tda
hel r cvi
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e whi
d pleedael ngc ayc
gel di s it n, ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi tV14.
i e s 22 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el wor
c yckil ing
s t ,f or a n i nc om e
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or venont
hi c rl ae f, f aiuns
c c ipe
dec nt
i f ,i e dur
d pieng
da l unc syc
pel ci is ft i, e d a c t i vi t y
V14. 23 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el ecng
ycalge
i sdt ,i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
t hr e e - whe e l e d m ot or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng
V14. 24 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el r ceyc
s t li ing,
s t , s l e e pi n g, e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i vi t y
V14. 28 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d whi
pe da
l el ecng
ycalge
i sdt ,i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
V14. 29 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o rnont
busr,a funs
f ai cpe
c i cde
i fnti e, d dur
pe da
i ng
l cun
ycslpe
i scti ,f i e d a c t i vi t y
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e wor k i ng f or a n i n c om e
V14. 3 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c o l l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns po r t ve hi c l e or bus , whi l e b oa r di ng or a l i ght i ng
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V14. 30 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n s por t s a c t i v i t y
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng , e a t i ng or e nga gi ng i n o t he r vi t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 31 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n l e i s ur e a c t i vi t y
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 32 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e wor ki ng f o r a n i nc om e
t wo- or t hr e e - whe e l e d m o t or ve hi c l e , whi l e boa r di n g or a l i ght i n g, dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
V14. 33 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r t ype s of wor k
V14. 34 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e r e s t i ng, s l e e pi ng, e a t i ng or e nga gi n g i n ot he r v i t a l a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 38 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, whi l e e nga ge d i n ot he r s pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t i e s
V14. 39 Pe da l c yc l i s t i nj ur e d i n c ol l i s i on wi t h he a vy t r a ns p or t ve hi c l e o r bus , whi l e boa r di ng or a l i ght i ng, dur i ng uns pe c i f i e d a c t i vi t y
22
Building large Terminologies
Logic for “Conceptual Lego”
gene
hand
protein
extremity
polysacharide
body
cell
expression
chronic
Lung
acute
infection
inflammation
abnormal
normal
bacterium
deletion
polymorphism
ischaemic
virus
mucus
23
Logic as the clips for
“Conceptual Lego”
“SNPolymorphism of CFTRGene causing Defect in MembraneTransport of
Chloride Ion causing Increase in Viscosity of Mucus in CysticFibrosis…”
“Hand which is
anatomically
normal”
24
Species
Genes
Protein
Function
Gene in humans
Disease
Build complex
representations
from modularised
primitives
Protein coded by
gene in humans
Function of
Protein coded by
gene in humans
Disease caused by abnormality in
Function of
Protein coded by
gene in humans
25
Normalising (untangling)
Ontologies
Structure
Structure
Part-whole
Function
Function
Part-whole
26
Untangling and Enrichment
Using a classifier to make life easier
Substance
- Protein
- - ProteinHormone
- - - Insulin
- Steroid
- - SteroidHormone
- - - Cortisol
- Hormone
- -ProteinHormone
- - - Insulin
- - SteroidHormone
- - - Cortisol
- Catalyst
- - Enzyme
- - - ATPase
-
Substance
- Protein
- - Insulin
- - ATPase
Steroid
- Cortisol
- PhsioloicRole
- - HormoneRole
- - CatalystRole
Hormone ≡ Substance & playsRolesomeValuesFrom HormoneRole
ProteinHormone ≡ Protein & playsRole
someValuesFrom HormoneRole
SteroidHomone ≡ Steroid & playsRole
someValuesFrom HormoneRole
Catalyst ≡ Substance & playsRole
someValuesFrom CatalystRole
Enzyme ≡ Protein & playsRole
someValuesFrom CatalystRole
Insulin playsRole
someValuesFrom HormoneRole
Cortisol playsRole
someValuesFrom HormoneRole
ATPase playsRole
someValuesFrom CatalystRole
Substance
- Protein
- - ProteinHormone
- - - Insulin
- - Enzyme
- - - ATPase
- Steroid
- - SteroidHomone^
- - - Cortisol
-Hormone
- - ProteinHormone^
- - - Insulin^
- - SteroidHormone^
- - - Cortisol^
- Catalyst
- - Enzyme^
- - - ATPase^
27
Modularised into structure
and function ontologies
(all primitive)
28
Unified ontology after
classification
29
Ontology normalisation:
Enforced modularity
• All primitives form disjoint trees
• All polyhierarchies formed by inference from
definitions
– No arbitrary subclass axioms
• Therefore
– All concepts have most specific primitive ancestor
– No disjunctions in domain and range constraints
• Consequences
– Changes occur in exactly one place
– Defeasible inheritance can be constrained so that each
property inherited only along one taxonomy
• The same property cannot apply from two different sources
that unless one subsumes the other
30
Led almost by accident to methods for
Integrating multiple big vocabularies
31
And to real world problems
The Coding of Chocolate
An international conversion guide
SNOMED-CT
?



Term
CTV3
C-F0811 Bounty bar UbOVv
C-F0816 Crème egg UbOW2
C-F0817
C-F0819
C-F081A
C-F081B
C-F081C
C-F0058
Kit Kat
Mars Bar
Milky Way
Smarties
Twix
Snicker
UbOW3
UbOW4
UbOW5
UbOW6
UbOW7
Ub1pT
32
…but logic & formal ontology
scare users
• Require months to train even to a minimal
level
• People make errors
– Even experienced people
• Logic inferences can be directly contrary to
language maxims
• Make logic (& formal ontology) the
“assembly language”
– Give users high level languages
• Ideally built with meta-authoring language
construction kit
33
Intermediate Representations
“Close to user forms”
From this:
(ÔSurgicalProcessÕwhich
isMainlyCharacterisedBy (performance which
isEnactmentOf (ÔSurgicalFixingÕwhich
hasSpecificSubprocess(ÔSurgicalAccessingÕ
hasSurgicalOpenClosedness(SurgicalOpenClosednesswhich
hasAbsoluteState surgicallyOpen))
actsSpecificallyOn (PathologicalBodyStructure which <
involves Bone
hasUniqueAssociatedProcess FracturingProcess
hasSpecificLocation (Collum which
isSpecificSolidDivisionOf (Femur which
hasLeftRightSelector leftSelection))>))))
34
Intermediate Representations
“Close to user forms”
To just the yellow parts of this:
"Open fixation of a fracture of the neck of the
left femur"
– MAIN fixing
ACTS_ON fracture
HAS_LOCATION neck of long bone
IS_PART_OF femur
HAS_LATERALITY left
HAS_APPROACH open
From 3-6 months training
to 3-6 days training
35
Supports Loosely coupled distributed
ontology development
local cycles:
work by users
From 80% central/global effort
to 10% central/global effort
global
cycle &
work at
centre
From authoring
to meta-authoring
User effort cut by 75% compared with manual methods
Mostly in reduced committee meetings & arguments
36
A simple recent example:
“Manchester OWL syntax”
• owns.Dog
someValuesFrom(owns,Dog) owns SOME Dog
• owns.Dog
allValuesFrom(owns,Dog)
owns ONLY Dog
Or for one client just:
37
Users face a complex
landscape
38
Inhabited by many tribes,
Each tribe in its own teepee
Description
logic
Complexity
theory
Fuzziness
Default
logics
KR Logics
Logic programming
Argumentation
Belief
Revision
Natural
Language
Bayesian
analysis
39
and what feel like class
divides
40
The chain of value
theorem envy
Pure
Logician/
KR
Mathematician Researcher
Too neat
Too
academic!
Doesn’t
understand!
Too neat
Too scruffy
too adToo
hoc
academic!
Doesn’t
Doesn’t
understand!
understand!
Knowledge
Engineer
Too nea!
Too scruffy
Too
too ad hoc
Doesn’t academic!
Doesn’t
understand!
understand!
Application
Builder
Too neat
Too scruffy
too adToo
hoc
academic!
Doesn’t
Doesn’t
understand!
understand!
Too scruffy
too ad hoc
Doesn’t
understand!
No one person can understand it all - must manage the chain
41
… but logicians are often
seen as policemen
Incomplete! Undecidable!
Higher order! No semantics!
… and seem to insist on
solving harder problems
than the user actually has
… often without examples of
why not
42
…or insist users understand
the solution space
And don’t come
back until you
have the
semantics clear
The semantics is
your job!
Meet users where
they are
43
Remember: logic is hard &
most users are symbolophobes
•
How many OWL experts here could get all of the
following in the correct subsumption hierarchy first
time?
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
p some A
p some ASub
pSub some A
pSub some ASub
p all A
p all ASub
pSub all A
pSub all ASub
–
–
–
–
p exactly 1 A
p exactly 1 ASub
pSub exactly 1 A
pSub exactly 1 ASub
44
Matching problems and solutions
is worthwhile sciencen & craft
• Patterns, guidelines and tools
• Reformulations of users’ “solutions”
• Collaborations with behavioural scientists
• Challenges and demonstrations
Some observations…
45
Working with users:
The basics
• Do something useful - First do the right thing!
• Make it usable
– Find a champion & users
– Embrace users’ attempts at solution
• At least it is probably useful
– an example; a working specification
– Watch, ask, listen, and believe
• There is no point in arguing with somebody that it is easy
• There Is no point in arguing with somebody that they understand
• Get help – Involve behavioural scientists
• Involve the implementers
• Build for feedback
• Accept that clever things may be useless
46
The interesting may not be
useful
• Of medical decision support systems in
the literature in 1995
– 70% addressed diagnosis (est)
• Success rate of evaluated medical
decision support systems in the literature
in 1995
– Alarms
75%
– Treatment Management 65%
– Diagnosis
17%
47
And you can only tell if its
useful if you know
“What’s it for?”
• Tens of Millions spent on SNOMED’s 450K
codes
– Only 10K have ever been used
• And still many applications find 50%-75% missing
• Hard to predict users’ needs
– So build it “just in time” if possible
• The web is a great tool
48
Some arguments only have
answers wrt problems
• Open vs closed world reasoning
– Querying National Rail Enquiries:
“Is there a train from Windermere that gets me
to Sheffield tonight?”
• “No”
– Possibly false, but useful
» I can’t get better information
• “Might be”
– True but not useful & possibly misleading
– Querying FoaF
“Does Alan have any friends?”
• “Don’t know”
– At least not misleading
• “No”
– Wrong
49
…which emphasizes again that:
Metaknowledge is knowledge
• The railway timetable is presumed complete
– But how do I know?
• Do I trust the resource to tell me or depend on my
experience?
• Biographies in FoaF are probably incomplete
– But how do I know?
• What about some other data somewhere on the
Semantic Web?
• Even if I can’t reason with it I need it!
50
Get the user’s to own it
• The Gene Ontology is the most successful
“ontology”/ “thesaurus”
– Not rigorous; many faults
– But owned by the biologists and does their job
• The Gene Ontology Next Generation
project accepts and delivers in their format
– The OWL is just another quality assurance tool
51
QA with users:
The Logical answer isn’t
always the right answer
“Cardiovascular
Disorder”
“Slashed wrist”
“Disorder or injury of
Heart or blood vessel”
“Self inflicted laceration of
radial artery”
The user is right - fix the axioms:
“Cardiovascular
Disorder”
“Disorder or injury of Heart or
Great Vessels or arterial system
as a whole”
52
…but may have to deal with
differences in logic and language
• Logically:
Four limbed animals do not subsume four
legged animals
– unless we represent explicitly our background
knowledge that four legged animals have no
other limbs
• but we never say it
• how to convey the intuitions to users?
53
A logically incomplete
solution may be good enough
• OWL “lists” don’t exclude multibranched
trees (transitive orbits rather than transitive closure)
– Additional restrictions enforced via tools
• Biologists find new knowledge about protein
motifs
– Extra models don’t matter - tools keep them out
next
next
tools exclude
next
next
54
Expressivity is more
important than constraints
• Draw all the inference the user expects
from “sensible” premises
– Users won’t mind if wrong inferences could
have been drawn from nonsense premises
• Provided the nonsense premises can’t get in by
accident
55
Another example of nonstandard reasoning:
Commonalities and
differences
• Classify all the proteins with phosphatase1
activities
– Identify all the features in common
• Simple subgraph algorithm
– Create the generic abstraction
– Classify again to find more phosphatases
• 20 new phosphatases
– Some probably implicated in disease
– Classify by which tissue they come from
• Repeat
– Try to understand why some tissues suffer from disease and
some don’t
1”Phosphate-ase”
- enzyme that breaks down phosphate bonds; the primary
source of energy in cells; can drive super-oxidation; prime source of
damage in diabetes, extreme inflammation in Intensive Care Units,
atherosclerosis, and probably much else
56
Hide formalisms
Focus on meta-modelling
• Make the logic the assembly language
– Build “compiler compilers” for close to user forms
• Ought to be a major focus of our research
– Transformations, import, export
• Support implementors and localisers
– Tools to build user oriented special purpose tools,
languages and interfaces
• Build quick tools for common patterns
–
–
–
–
–
Tabbed outlines for taxonomies
Easy visualisation and specification of disjoints
Wizards and Patterns for features & value sets
Special tools for lists
…
57
Help users to work together
• Science is Cooperative
E-Science is e-Cooperative
• Supporting cooperation requires new
kinds of knowledge
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Modularisation
Dependencies
Communication
User profiles
Views
Transforms
…
58
Seek evidence
• Use corpora, NLP & the Web
– Experts often wrong about what really happens
• Beware of committee views
• Beware of dogma
59
Build environments to meet all the problems
Server
Language
Module
Client
Client
Application
A
P
I
Reference Management
Multilingual Dictionaries
Ontology
Module
Common Reference
Model
Code Mapping
Module
Code Store
Indexing, Defaults &
Metadata
Extrinsics Store
The ontology/KR is just one of several modules
• Almost all applications require hybrid solutions
– Just because you have a hammer, don’t be afraid of glue
60
Find a sweet spot
61
The interesting is never
enough
• Users want what they already have
– They are unlikely to give up things
• Numbers and numeric ranges had to wait for OWL 1.1
• “Blood pressure between 90 and 140”
• And not just integers
• And we we still need quantities
– Between 90mmHg and 140mmHg
– And somewhere conversions
» 90mmHg = 1100 pascals
» 1 mile = 0.61 km
Error  missing Mars
62
Prioritize issues to users’
requirements thank you OWL 1.1
• Role assertions
– “Fracture of neck of femur” is a kind of
“Fracture of Femur”
• hasLocus o isPartOf hasLocus
– Accept repurposing
• There are alternative solutions for anatomy but
essential for other cases
– “Uncle”
– “Reified relations” (Ontological “qualities”)
63
…but features have to be
implemented to help users
• All-All relations
(“Cat lovers” - with thanks to Uli Sattler)
• “All licensed drivers are authorised to
drive all cars”
– Rare in biology
– ubiquitous in organisational and legal applications
…just knowing that it could be fixed
doesn’t help users!
64
…and don’t forget problems
just because you have a work
around
• Existing classifiers can’t cope with OWL
KBs containing transitive relations and
their inverses
– Catastrophic explosion by depth 3 x breadth 3
– Must choose is_part_of or has_part
• Often distorts
– Could we use something like “e-connections”?
65
Test at scale
• Many users’ problems are BIG
– Biological examples ≥ 10K concepts
– Medical examples 20K…500K concepts
66
Use•the tricks of the trade
(especially to reduce arguments)
•
“Pericardium” (covering of the heart)
& “Heart”:
– To anatomists: they are two different organs
– To the clinicians: they are parts of the same
functional unit
• The role hierarchy can let us support both
views
is_clinical_part_of
 is_structural_part_of
67
…but hide them from (most)
users
• Neither the anatomist nor the surgeon
need to know about the other
– In GALEN we had several different variants of
the intermediate representation compiler to deal
with intractable arguments
• QA always passed by all
68
Make representations
maintainable & evolvable
(basic software engineering)
• Don’t be too clever
(Avoid “Write once read never”)
– “Shortest S-Expression for a function”
“Maximum code in a C ‘for’ statement”
– “Clever” inference in an OWL KB
• Avoid
– Making inferences from domains/range
» May better to check before inference
* Or do inference in multiple step
– Complex disjoint axioms and disjunctions
• Design so all changes made in only one place
– Normalise ontologies
• Be systematic - follow patterns
• Provide regression testing from the beginning
– Preferably before building
• Support debugging
69
Remember: You are only one
source of error
• Errors come from
– Errors & low inter-rater reliability in input
• Often under 80%
– Errors in ontology axioms
• Inevitable in a large ontology
– Implementation errors
– “Lying to the system”
• Unsound workarounds for limited but complete systems
– The perversity of the universe - the Rumsfeld effect
• It is going to require empirical testing
– The ONLY test that will be accepted for most
applications is empirical
• Whether or not the algorithms are complete
70
My top next priority for OWL:
“What is it sensible…
• To ask
– Everything is permitted unless it is forbidden
• Natural open world logical view
– Sets of constraints
• To tell (sanctioning)
– Everything is forbidden unless it is permitted
• Natural frames/OO/UML view
– Sets of templates
71
• It is sensible to ask about “Green entities”
– There are entities that are green
• Is I sensible to ask about “Green dreams”
– No: dreams have no colour
The more I know the less it is sensible to ask
• Is it sensible to tell that balls are green?
– If it might sensibly be green
• The more I know, the more it is sensible to tell
– A hard/impossible notion to capture in first order
theories
But the basis for intelligent
user interfaces
Needed by every user we
have encountered
72
Related: “Optional”
• What are the semantics of :
–
–
–
–
–
0..n in UML?
or canonical graphs in Conceptual Graphs?
or sensible sanctions in GRAIL?
or slot attachment in Frames?
or minCardinality(0) in OWL?
• Supported by every formalism any user will ever
have used
– There must be something to it
• Even if it isn’t first order
• Needed by every data application we have
encountered
73
Related but different:
“May”
• May
– “What may cause pneumonia?”
What classes of bacteria may cause
pneumonia?
• Hard to express in DLs/OWL
– Need richer relations amongst properties
» causes  may_cause
Almost captures it
» “Anything that acts has the potential to act”
“Anything that does not have the potential to act,
cannot act”
…is there additional semantics?
» Very messy without special tools and operators in
user language
74
… others needs for a better
match to
biomedical knowledge
•
Prototypical knowledge
The heart is generally on the left but sometimes on the
right
– Normative solutions OK for some things
• “The normal hand has five digits”
• “The normal heart is on the left”
– Simple explicit exceptions OK for some things
• “All human cells have nuclei except red blood cells”
– But otherwise need prototypical knowledge & exceptions
• “Typically birds fly”
• “Typically gram positive bacteria are penicillin sensitive”
•
Uncertainty - another step? a different formalism?
– 70% of appendices are in right lower abdomen
• Can fuzziness/probability/… be contained in the same framework or
do we need a true hybrid system?
– Needs to link to utilities and decision theory
75
Summary: Help fill the gap
Problem
space
Watch, ask,
listen to, &
believe users
embrace users’ partial
solutions as requirements
Guidelines, Patterns, Tools, Modularity,Views, Environments
metadata, work arounds, hybrid systems, …
Design for modularity,
maintenance & evolution
Solution
space
Look to user requirements for
implementation priorities
Support meta users
& application builders
``
Fit solutions to
problems
76