Transcript Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 26, part 1 The Urinary System PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr.

Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 26, part 1
The Urinary System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
Learning Objectives
• Identify the components and functions of the
urinary system
• Describe the location and structural features of
the kidneys
• Describe the structure of a nephron, and outline
the processes involved in the formation of urine
• Describe the normal characteristics, composition,
and solute concentrations of a representative
urine sample
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• List and describe the factors that influence
filtration pressure and the rate of filtrate
formation
• Identify the types of transport mechanisms found
along the nephron
• Describe how antidiuretic hormone and
aldosterone levels influence the volume and
concentration of urine
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 26-1
An Overview of the Urinary System
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Functions of the urinary system
• Excretion
• The removal of organic waste products from
body fluids
• Elimination
• The discharge of waste products into the
environment
• Homeostatic regulation of blood plasma
• Regulating blood volume and pressure
• Regulating plasma ion concentrations
• Stabilizing blood pH
• Conserving nutrients
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Urinary system includes:
• The kidneys
• Produce urine
• The ureters
• The urinary bladder
• Stores urine
• The urethra
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Figure 26.1 An introduction to the Urinary
System
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Figure 26.1
SECTION 26-2
The Kidneys
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The kidneys
• Left kidney extends slightly more superiorly than
right
• Both kidneys and adrenal glands are
retroperitoneal
• Hilus
• Entry for renal artery and renal nerves
• Exit for renal veins and ureter
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Figure 26.2 The Position of the Kidneys
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Figure 26.2a, b
Figure 26.3 The Urinary System in Gross
Dissection
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Figure 26.3
Sectional anatomy of the kidneys
• Superficial outer cortex and inner medulla
• The medulla consists of 6-18 renal pyramids
• The cortex is composed of roughly 1.25 million
nephrons
• Major and minor calyces along with the pelvis
drain urine to the ureters
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Figure 26.4 The Structure of the Kidney
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Figure 26.4a, b
Blood supply and innervation of the kidneys
• Renal arteries branch repeated
• Renal artery
• Segmental artery
• Interlobar artery
• Arcuate artery
• Interlobular artery
• Afferent arterioles
• Renal venules follow similar opposing pattern
ending with renal veins
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 26.5 The Blood Supply to the Kidneys
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Figure 26.5a, b
Figure 26.5 The Blood Supply to the Kidneys
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Figure 26.5c, d
The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and
renal tubule
• The renal corpuscle is composed of
• Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus
• The renal tubule consists of
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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Filtrate is produced at the renal corpuscle
• Nephron empties tubular fluid into collecting
system
• Collecting ducts and papillary ducts
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Figure 26.6 A Representative Nephron
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Figure 26.6
Nephron functions include:
• Production of filtrate
• Reabsorption of organic nutrients
• Reabsorption of water and ions
• Secretion of waste products into tubular fluid
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Two types of nephron
• Cortical nephrons
• ~85% of all nephrons
• Located in the cortex
• Juxtamedullary nephrons
• Closer to renal medulla
• Loops of Henle extend deep into renal
pyramids
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Figure 26.7 Cortical and Juxtamedullary
Nephrons
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Figure 26.7a
Figure 26.7 Cortical and Juxtamedullary
Nephrons
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Figure 26.7b, c