Bio 101 Laboratory 9 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

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Objectives of Lab

• Become familiar with the bones and structures of the – Pelvis (Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis) – Lower Limb (Femur, Tibia, and Fibula) – Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges) • Be able to recognize the skeletal structures listed on your Laboratory Guide handout, Exercise 8 & 9 (Ilium through Phalanges of Foot) 2

Landmarks of Bones

• Spine – A pointed process/ridge • Trochanter – A large rough projection (larger than either a tubercle or tuberosity) • Crest – Prominent ridge 3

Skeletal Organization

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Pelvis

Pelvis = Ossa Coxae (hip bones) + Sacrum + Coccyx Singular: Os Coxa (Also: inominate) (Anterior) (Posterior) 5

Bones of the Pelvis

(Medial view of right coxa) (Lateral view of right coxa) 6

Bones of the Pelvis

Ischial Spine

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Bones of the Pelvis

Ischial Spine

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Pubic crest

Divisions of the Pelvis

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Male-Female Pelvic Differences

Male See Table 11.1 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual Female 1. Iliac bones are more flared in the female; hips are broader 2. Pubic angle is greater in the female pelvis 3. Greater distance between the ischial spines in the female pelvis 4. Broader, flatter pelvis in females; wider, more circular pelvic inlet 5. Less projection of sacrum and coccyx into the pelvic outlet in the female pelvis 10

The Lower Limbs

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The Femur

(Right leg) Anterior Posterior

(notch)

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The Tibia and Fibula

Fibu LA is LA teral TIB ia = T hicker I nner B one Right leg, Anterior 13

Lateral Medial

Bones of the Foot

Right foot, superior view 14

Bones of the Foot

Right foot, medial view Head of metatarsals = ball of foot 15

Bones of the Foot

Right foot, superior view Tal l Cal ifornian Nav y Med ical Int erns L ike Cub an cigars (Medial to lateral)

Note

: You may have to identify the tarsal, metatarsal, or phalangeal bones for the lab exam. 16

What you should do in lab today…

• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual – Review Exercise 10 for pelvis (if you haven’t done this already) • Handle the bones listed in your Laboratory Guide. Use your labeled figures as guides to the names of the bones and structures • REVIEW previously seen bones for the lab exam 2 next week.

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What you should be able to do after lab today… • Know the names of, and be able to recognize, ALL the bones and structures we covered in the last three labs (listed on Laboratory Guide checklists) • **Remember, you should be able to recognize and distinguish

disarticulated

bones based on their unique characteristics!!

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Lab Exam 2

• There will be 24 stations, about 50 questions, on the lab exam • Some disarticulated bones, and some bones attached to skeleton. Remember, look for the

characteristics and markings of the bone

in order to distinguish one bone from another • THINK in terms of ‘lateral’ and ‘medial’ rather than ‘right’ and ‘left’ to avoid getting confused about bone landmarks. Proceed SLOWLY!

• You should also know the 5 differences between the male and female pelvis 19

For the next regular lab…

• For Skeletal Muscles Labs (11 & 12) – Read Exercises 12 &13 in Marieb’s Lab Manual • Familiarize yourself with the histology of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in Mastering A&P : Histology: Muscle – Read the Laboratory Guide handout for Exercise 11. THIS IS IMPORTANT!!!!

– Read first part of Dissection Exercise 1 in Marieb’s Lab Manual. You will begin dissecting the cat in this lab and finish in lab 12.

Don’t forget to bring: Dissecting kits, gloves, and safety glasses! You will be using these throughout A&P II as well.

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