Transcript Lecture 1
Bio 101 Laboratory 9 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 1 Objectives of Lab • Become familiar with the bones and structures of the – Pelvis (Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis) – Lower Limb (Femur, Tibia, and Fibula) – Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges) • Be able to recognize the skeletal structures listed on your Laboratory Guide handout, Exercise 8 & 9 (Ilium through Phalanges of Foot) 2 Landmarks of Bones • Spine – A pointed process/ridge • Trochanter – A large rough projection (larger than either a tubercle or tuberosity) • Crest – Prominent ridge 3 Skeletal Organization 4 Pelvis Pelvis = Ossa Coxae (hip bones) + Sacrum + Coccyx Singular: Os Coxa (Also: inominate) (Anterior) (Posterior) 5 Bones of the Pelvis (Medial view of right coxa) (Lateral view of right coxa) 6 Bones of the Pelvis * * * 7 Bones of the Pelvis 8 Divisions of the Pelvis Pubic crest 9 Male-Female Pelvic Differences Male Female 1. Iliac bones are more flared in the female; hips are broader 2. Pubic angle is greater in the female pelvis 3. Greater distance between the ischial spines in the female pelvis 4. Broader, flatter pelvis in females; wider, more circular pelvic inlet 5. Less projection of sacrum and coccyx into the pelvic outlet in the female pelvis 10 The Lower Limbs 11 The Femur (Right leg) (notch) Anterior Posterior 12 The Tibia and Fibula FibuLA is LAteral TIBia = Thicker Inner Bone Right leg, Anterior 13 Bones of the Foot Lateral Medial Right foot, superior view 14 Bones of the Foot Head of metatarsals = ball of foot Right foot, medial view 15 Bones of the Foot Tall Californian Navy Medical Interns Like Cuban cigars (Medial to lateral) Note: You will have to know the tarsal bones for the lab exam. Right foot, superior view 16 What you should do in lab today… • Marieb’s Laboratory Manual – Review pp. 150-156 (if you haven’t done this already) • Handle the bones listed in your Laboratory Guide. Use your labeled figures as guides to the names of the bones and structures • REVIEW previously seen bones for the lab exam (2) next week. 17 What you should be able to do after lab today… • Know the names of, and be able to recognize, ALL the bones and structures we covered in the last three labs (listed on Laboratory Guide checklists) • Come up and get tested on ALL bones today in preparation for lab exam • **Remember, you should be able to recognize and distinguish disarticulated bones based on their unique characteristics!! 18 Lab Exam 2 • There will be 24 (25?) stations, 50 questions, on the lab exam • Some disarticulated bones, and some bones attached to skeleton. Remember, look for the characteristics and markings of the bone in order to distinguish one bone from another • THINK in terms of ‘lateral’ and ‘medial’ rather than ‘right’ and ‘left’ to avoid getting confused about bone landmarks. Proceed SLOWLY! • You should also know the differences between the male and female pelvis 19 For the next regular lab… • For Skeletal Muscles Labs (11 & 12) – Read Exercise 14, pp. 187-196, in Marieb’s Lab Manual • Familiarize yourself with the histology of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in Mastering A&P: Histology: Muscle – Read your Laboratory Guide instructions for Exercise 11. – Read Dissection Exercise 1, pp. 697- 713 in Marieb’s Lab Manual. You will begin dissecting the cat in this lab and finish in lab 12. 20