MOVING UP TO THE CLOUD Exploring the impact of Emerging Cloud Technologies in Libraries Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org/ twitter.com/mbreeding Jan 9,
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MOVING UP TO THE CLOUD Exploring the impact of Emerging Cloud Technologies in Libraries Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org/ twitter.com/mbreeding Jan 9, 2013 Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries Redefined Services, Collections, Management Appropriate Automation Infrastructure Current automation products out of step with current realities Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content Majority of automation efforts support print activities Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure New discovery solutions help with access to e-content Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile Key Context: Libraries in Transition Academic Shift from Print > Electronic Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement E-journal transition largely complete Circulation of print collections slowing E-books now in play (consultation > reading) Increased pressure on physical facilities Increased circulation of print collections Dramatic increase in interest in e-books All libraries: Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability Key Context: Technologies in transition Client / Server > Web-based computing Natively social computing Integration Local of social computing into core infrastructure computing shifting to cloud platforms Application Service Provider offerings standard New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles Key Context: Changed expectations in metadata management Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections Highly shared metadata Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed E-journal knowledge bases (KnowledgeWorks / 360 Core) Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Very little progress in linked data for operational systems AACR2 > RDA MARC > RDF: Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/ Key Context: Research Data Academic libraries have increased library involvement with research data Facilitate data management plans for research projects Lend Library expertise to organization and management Preservation Surging Interest in the Semantic Web Open Linked Data Bibliographic data sets released through Creative Commons Public Domain License (CC0) Europeana, Harvard, etc. Databases that natively manage RDF triple stores Currently at Early stages of introducing semantic technologies in discovery Relational databases continue to power business systems Cooperation and Resource sharing Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems) State-wide or national implementations Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementations Many libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources Beyond “Cloudwashing” Cloud as marketing hype Cloud computing used very freely, tagged to almost any virtualized environment Any arrangement where the library relies on some kind of remote hosting environment for major automation components Includes almost any vendor-hosted product offering Example: ASP now Software-as-a-Service Cloud computing – characteristics Web-based Interfaces Externally hosted Pricing: subscription or utility Highly abstracted computing model Provisioned on demand Scaled according to variable needs Elastic – consumption of resources can contract and expand according to demand Gartner Hype Cycle 2009 Gartner Hype Cycle 2010 Gartner Hype Cycle 2011 Gartner Hype Cycle 2012 Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html Data as a service General opportunity to move away from library-bylibrary metadata management to globally shared workflows Shared knowledge bases E-resource holdings Bibliographic services Linked data applications Key Issues Data ownership Creative commons license Data portability across competing providers Cloud computing trends for libraries Increased migration away from local computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor Relevant trends No technical limitations on scalability of infrastructure General move toward ever larger implementations of automation infrastructure National infrastructure (beginning with smaller countries) US: Statewide and regional projects Personnel Distribution Local Computing Server Administration Application maintenance Staff client software updates Operational tasks Cloud Computing Application configuration or profiling Operational tasks Budget Allocations Local Computing Server Purchase Server Maintenance Application software license Data Center overhead Energy costs Facility costs Cloud Computing Annual Subscription Measured Fixed Service? fees Factors Hosting Software Licenses Optional modules Benefits of Cloud Computing Libraries Elimination of capital expenses for equipment Lower annual costs Redeployment of technical staff to more meaningful activities Providers / Vendors Higher revenues relative to software-only arrangements Provision of infrastructure at scale with lower unit costs Longer-term relationships with customers Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes Integrated Library Systems Model for library automation since 1970’s Modules Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Authority Control Public Catalog Oriented to Print / Physical Materials ILS now restricts Innovation Business models hard-coded in ILS no longer represent current library realities Force disproportionate levels of personnel attention toward print Personnel involved in non-print areas forced to work on other platforms Libraries now organized around idiosyncrasies of the ILS Library Organization Integrated Library System Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Interlibrary Loan Reserves Electronic resources Digital Collections Library Services Platforms Fulfillment Collection Management Research Services New Organizational Options Fulfillment Collection Management Discovery Social engagement Delivery (all media and formats) Dynamic procurement: demand-driven acquisitions, peer institutions, unaffiliated institutions Blended processes to deliver library content to users (local, remote, owned, licensed, etc.) Local + shared collections Global Metadata Curation Preservation Research Services Support for library collections Involvement with research data LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces CirculationCatalogingAcquisitions Serials BIB Online Catalog Protocols: CORE ` Holding Circ $$$ User Vendor Policies / ItemsTransact Funds E-resource License Procurement Management E-Journal Titles Vendors License Terms New Library Management Model Search: Unified Presentation Layer Library Services Platform API Layer ` Digital Coll Consolidated index Self-Check / Automated Return ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Stock Management Enterprise Resource Planning Learning Management Other Resources Smart Cad / Payment systems Authentication Service Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows Libraries need a new model of library automation Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections Other library automation products evolved: Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -Institutional Repositories Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfill requests, and deliver services Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data Library Services Platform Characteristics Highly Shared data models Delivered through software as a service Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX New Bibliographic Framework New structures not yet invented Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability Metadata Management ILS: Encourages local practice Record customization Many libraries make similar local changes Copy Cataloging model: isolated bibliographic databases LSP: Global perspective Single, robust, high-quality record Globally shared knowledge base Options for local data elements in global context Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Alma Management Services OCLC. Ex Libris Intota Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery. Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Knowledgeba se driven. Pure multitenant SaaS Software model Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary Responsible Organization Serials Solutions Sierra Services Platform Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali OLE Service-oriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Proprietary Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure Kuali Foundation Open Source Development Schedule WorldShare Management Services Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE General Release in July 2011 38 now in production Development partners now in Release 5 General Release expected mid2012 Phase I: Late in 2012; Libraries in production by 2014 Phase 1: Mid2012 with full Millennium functionality; subsequent phases that expand model Version 1.0 expected Dec 2012 Partners begin migration in 2013 Development Resources Company Dev Sup Ex Libris Follett Software Company Innovative Interfaces, Inc. SirsiDynix Corporation Serials Solutions Axiell The Library Corporation Polaris Library Systems VTLS Inc. Sales Admin Other Total 170 87 83 84 80 57 39 27 24 231 143 158 166 50 66 91 42 48 54 86 43 51 46 34 28 15 12 44 49 24 23 4 35 13 2 8 13 0 3 56 57 34 28 18 512 365 311 380 237 226 199 86 110 ByWater Solutions Catalyst IT 3 3 12 3 3 1 13 BibLibre 4 3 15 5 16 8 8 6 5 2 3 Koha Koha Total (estimated) PTFS 155 Evergreen Equinox Software 5 21 Development / Deployment perspective Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services