Transcript 6.11.2015 Climate Change Challenges to NHSs Helsinki, March 12, 2013 Esko Kuusisto/SYKE 6.11.2015 Helsinki, Mechelin Street.

6.11.2015
Climate Change Challenges to NHSs
Helsinki, March 12, 2013
Esko Kuusisto/SYKE
6.11.2015
Helsinki, Mechelin Street
2013
6.11.2015
Vantaa River Basin,
maximum wintertime
snow amount 1951-2012
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Should the city of Helsinki
be well-prepared to snowy
winters still in the 2050’s?
River
basin
Precipitation
2012
Average
Deviation %
Vantaa
830
666
+25
Vuoksi
820
631
+30
Kyrönjoki
753
558
+35
Oulujoki
850
607
+40
Kemijoki
613
520
+18
Paatsjoki
512
442
+16
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Last year’s precipitation in Finland
was 15-40% above the average
Task: Climate Change Challenges to NHSs
Response from 19 countries:
Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan Republic,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway,
Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey
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Questionnaire sent to 40+ countries
Floods
Droughts, Water scarcity
Increased evaporation
Coastal degradation
Sea level rise
Loss of snow cover/glaciers
Increased risk of erosion
More landslides
More avalanches
Groundwater depletion
15
17
3
3
2
6
2
1
1
1
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Please list three hydrology-related issues, which
are considered the most important negative
impacts of climate change?
Which communities or sectors have been the main users
of hydrological information related to climate change?
1. The importance of various user communities:
n/a
EU and international
organizations
4
12
1
2
Neighbouring countries
(river basin commission)
4
9
4
2
Government of your
country
Local administrations
Scientific
Commercial
Media
General public
12
5
1
1
6
12
0
7
2
6
5
6
8
9
5
1
9
3
7
2
1
4
1
1
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very
Arather
only
important important minor
Which communities or sectors have been the main users
of hydrological information related to climate change?
1. The importance of various sectors:
arather
important
9
11
only
minor
3
1
n/a
4
11
1
9
4
7
5
3
9
1
1
2
12
5
2
0
1
2
6
1
3
6
7
1
2
10
6
6
5
5
0
1
2
1
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Agriculture
Water supply (domestic,
services)
Water supply (industry)
Hydropower
Other forms of energy
production
Civil defence (floods, low
flows, pollution events)
Fisheries
Recreation
Ecosystem maintainence
Other: navigation
Other: infrastructure
Other: environment
very
important
6
6
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Mining – case Talvivaara
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EU + Neighb.
Gov. of
int. countries
your
org.
(rbc)
country
Mean
now
Mean
future
Local Scienadm.
tific
Commercial
General
Media public
1.9
1.8
2.5
1.8
2.5
1.2
2.1
1.6
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.6
1.6
2.3
2.0
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Which communities will be the main users of
hydrological information related to climate change
during the next 20 years?
Agriculture
Mean
now
Mean
fut.
Civil
defence
(floods,
Other
low
Dom. Ind.
forms
flows,
water wat. Hydroof
poll.
supply s-y power energy events)
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Which sectors will be the main users of
hydrological information related to climate change
during the next 20 years?
Fisheries
Recreation
Ecosystems
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.3
1.4
2.5
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.5
1.8
2.8
1.4
1.6
2.3
How could you improve the present situation?
Czech
Republic
Albania
We should widely use automatic observation stations, put this
information in online regime to internet, intranet, to have hydrologic
models for managing of water resources.
Climate change will not bring new phenomena in the Central Europe.
It only may change their characteristics and occurrence, thus the
recent arrangement should cope with it.
New technology and automatic station network
Lithuania
Switzerland
Finland
Sweden
Poland
Germany
Norway
More resources for system analysis and analyses of
metainformations
There are still many topics which need additional research.
Enlarge the international cooperation with other institutions/providers
of hydrological products and services.
more reserch projects, more measurements, more funds
better link between meteorology and hydrology federalism is not
making things easier
Launch research projects to link climate/meteorology and hydrology
in a better way. More focus on feedback effects and attribution of
changes.
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Azerbaijan
Republic
Hungary
Slovak
Republic
Denmark
Montenegro
Austria
France
Croatia
Spain
There must be academic coordination group to investigate and direct
the decision makers
Regional transboundary / river-basin-wide cooperation has to be
enhanced international Danube Basin. This issue is essential for
Hungary, where ~95% of the stream flow is generated by catchment
outside the country. Uniform climate change scenarios for the entire
Danube Basin or major parts of it.
Clear support of NCP, e.g. from WMO, the review of the results of NCP
is desirable, - Clear national support (financial as well) of activities, Public awareness and community support, …
More easy access to data bases from the different institutions, and
common data policy.
Provision of sufficient relevant facts.
We must provide in the future the continuously data recording.
Performing better survey data analysis to try to detect climate change
trends; integrated studies of global change impacts to help the
adaptation strategies building; Increase the underground data
collection to better describe aquifer geometry that is needed to perform
better numerical modelling;
Strengthen personnel structure in NHMS for research of climate
changesund also strengthen awereness of decision makers for easier
adaption to possible climate changes
It is very difficult because our models are not good. Some say Spain
will flood and others that it will dry. There is only one a sure thing;
temperature is increasing.
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Turkey
Azerbaijan
Republic
Czech
Republic
Albania
Switzerland
Finland
Sweden
Yes. Our information is crucial for decision making on civil protection
projects such as mitigation of floods and also for projects of water
supply and etc.
CHMI provides all information available but is not the decision maker,
therefore it is not possible for us to evaluate the impact of information
on final decision.
Hydro power plans.
Proofs of trends
Certainly in flood-related issues
SMHI has a recognized role as the main provider of climate-related
information for decision making. Contribution to SOU 2007:60
(Swedish Governments Official Reports), Sweden facing climate
change - threats and opportunities. Coordination and contribution to
Swedish Climate Adaptation Portal. Detailed climate change studies
for the Swedish County Administrative Boards, e.g.: - Lake Vänern
(Västra Götaland County Administrative Board) - Lake Mälaren
(Stockholm County Administrative Board) - Kronoberg County
Administrative Board
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Has hydrological information provided by your institution
had some impact to decision making in climate-related
issues in your country? Please give some examples:
We are one of the partners shaping the German adaptation strategy
(parliament initiative)
Norway
Yes, for example flood inundation maps are about to be updated to
take changes in flood magnitudes in the future into account.
Turkey
DSI is an operational institution. The decisions are directly effected by
all kinds of information.
Hydrological information supplied by VITUKI contributed to the
formulation of the National Climate Change Strategy of the Hungarian
Government. Similar impact is expected in relation to the Drought
Strategy under development.
Yes, monitored hydrological data, evaluated hydrological
characteristic, data from administrated databases are basic and
necessary information for national planning, for policy and decision,
etc.
Hungary
Slovak
Republic
Denmark
New flood protection plans are to be worked out by the municipalities.
Austria
Hydrological information and data are the basis of almost all scientific
climate change analysis.
Results of climate change impact studies raise the concern about the
necessity to think about adaptation strategies as of now and
adaptation plans are designed at the national level. At regional scale,
water management rules are negotiated taking into account the
results of climate change impacts studies and using hydrological
indexes calculated based on hydrological survey data.
France
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Germany
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FUTURE
JOINT
ACTIVITIES???
Joint action with the UNECE Water 2013-2015:

Dialogues
Quantifying the benefits of transboundary cooperation
 Adapting to climate change in transboundary basins
 Water- food-energy-ecosystems nexus
 Opening of the Convention to countries outside the United

Nations Economic Commission for Europe region
Promotion of the Convention and establishment of strategic
partnerships
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 Support to implementation and accession
 European Union Water Initiative and National Policy
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Kiitos!