Transcript Open Access & the St Andrews Digital Research Repository 24th March 2008, Arts Building Jeremy Upton, Deputy Director, St Andrews University Library.

Open Access & the St
Andrews Digital Research
Repository
24th March 2008, Arts Building
Jeremy Upton, Deputy Director, St
Andrews University Library
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
12th February 2008: Harvard academics vote give
the University a license to distribute all scholarly
outputs at no cost via Institutional repository
“There is no question that scholarly journals have historically allowed
scholars to distribute their research to audiences around the world.
But, the scholarly publishing system has become far more restrictive
than it need be. Many publishers will not even allow scholars to use
and distribute their own work. And, the cost of journals has risen to
such astronomical levels that many institutions and individuals have
cancelled subscriptions, further reducing the circulation of scholars’
works”
Stuart M. Shieber
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
“The goal of university research is the
creation, dissemination, and preservation
of knowledge. At Harvard, where so much
of our research is of global significance,
we have an essential responsibility to
distribute the fruits of our scholarship as
widely as possible”
Steven E. Hyman, Provost
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Two main themes driving desire for change:
• Current publication model not working (at
least for the academic community)
• Publicly funded research should be freely
available to all, when and where they need
it
Open Access built around the repository
concept can deliver both
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Summary:
• Overview of current arrangements for academic
publishing
• Public research: Funding Council approach &
other funding bodies
• Models
– Author pays
– SCOAP3
– Institutional Repository
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
• Repository as medium for publication
• St Andrews Digital Research Repository
Copyright
– Publisher licenses
– SURF
• Benefits for the researcher
• Future
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Current arrangements
• Most academic work via commercially
published journals or monographs
• System well trusted, well understood
• Offers academic security
• High quality editing
• Copy of record
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
BUT
• Journal inflation consistently above RPI: expect 7% rise this year,
not just sciences
• No incentive for publishers to increase circulation as can guarantee
income
• No sign of slowing down of inflation
• Not efficient, serious delays in distribution of important research
findings
• Does not allow researchers (and teachers) to work in the way they
want to
• Publishers becoming more restrictive: looking to make more money
• Does not exploit possibilities of new technology
• Based on academic goodwill
• Academic monograph publication no longer viable
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Electronic content: the digital native
• Expectation content will be freely available
• Should be able to easily copy and re-use
content
• Available any time, any place
If these not the case, fewer accesses,
believed to be invisible (students and staff)
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Public research
• Concept research which is publicly funded
should be publicly available
• Strong in medical sciences
• Idea given weight by money being taken
out of system by commercial publishers
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
“Ideas and knowledge derived from publicly-funded
research must be made available and accessible for
public use, interrogation and scrutiny, as widely, rapidly
and effectively as practicable” – Research Councils UK,
Update position statement on access to research
outputs, June 2006
• Funding bodies taking responsibility more seriously, 5 of
UK research councils mandate open access
• Wellcome Trust Open Access fund
• European Union: support for DRIVER project, 2006
report recommending open access
(http://ec.europa.eu/research/sciencesociety/pdf/scientific-publication-study_en.pdf)
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Other statements and organisations supporting
open access
• International statements: Budapest Initiative
• Scottish statement: OATS (Open Access Team
for Scotland)
http://scurl.ac.uk/WG/OATS/declaration.htm
• IRI Scotland project
• Xarchiv for Physics, PubMed for Medicine
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Models
• Author pays
• SCOAP3
• Repository movement
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Author pays
• Author asked to pay fee to publisher at point of
submitting paper
• Publisher agrees to make paper open access on point of
publication or whole journal becomes open access
• Cost of publication seen as part of research cost
BUT
• Not clear if costs can be charged to grants
• Fees high: £1000-£1500 per paper
• Problem for authors without research funding
• Not based on true cost of publishing papers
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
SCOAP3
• Consortium to facilitate open access publishing
in High Energy physics
• Pool together money spent by major research
institutes
• Central payment for peer review service
• Open access at point of publication
Realistic price for actual work done
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Repository movement
• Based on open source software
• Built around internationally agreed standards
• Distributed model although some subject based
repositories
• Secure and managed environment including
digital archiving
• Flexible software which can meet a variety of
needs
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Repository Movement
• Allows researchers to deposit copies of research
outputs
• Over 75% of journal publishers allow author
deposit into institutional repository
• Details available from SHERPA Romeo site
• Some time limited embargoes on deposit
• Shared standards ease of searching by
harvesting software (OAISTER) or Google
• Over 790 World Wide
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Repository as home for digital publishing?
• Rights management: yes, clear authorship and date
stamped
• Authoritative copy: yes, version control
• Advertising: yes, harvesting, RSS feeds, new content
displays
• Off line editing: yes, workflows which can accommodate
this process
There are already examples of journals being published
within Repository context, potentially cheaper to produce
BUT need to break bind of citation factors, judging by brand
name
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Institutional Repository: St Andrews
approach
3 stages
• E-theses
• Peer reviewed research outputs
• Other content
Approach cautious to match institutional
need
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
St Andrews Repository: E-Theses
• Over 160 theses online
• “My CV available to future employers”
• Much easier access to thesis content
• Making connections across the world
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Peer Reviewed Research Outputs
• Submission via Research Expertise
Database
• Into Repository workflow, checking by
Library Staff
• Require education about versions
• Pilot with group of academics mid-April
• Context of REF and citation culture
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
St Andrews Repository: Other content
• Non-peer reviewed papers
• Work in progress
• Journals
• Data sets
• Images
• Examination papers
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
What does a Repository deliver for you the researcher?
• Easier access to your ideas, easier access for you to
others ideas
• New connections between areas of research
• Faster access leading to better quality of research
• Higher citation rate
• Easier informal exchange of ideas
• Strong protection of moral rights whilst maximizing
exposure to ideas
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
What does a Repository deliver for you the
researcher?
• A managed single home for your outputs:
academic home page
• Exposure to wider range of search
engines including Google without the
barriers
• Additional, quality controlled metadata,
vital to help surface content
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
What does a Repository deliver for you the
researcher?
• Higher profile for the institution
• Ability to place links to theses and other
research outputs on home pages with regular
updates: help recruitment
• Internal interdisciplinary work
• Higher profile for research groups, help attract
new staff
• Higher profile with government: Cream of
Science
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Open access and copyright
• Encourage Researchers to retain
copyright, license content to publishers
• Read publishers’ contracts more carefully
• SURF licence
(http://copyrighttoolbox.surf.nl/copyrighttoo
lbox/download/licence_to_publish.pdf)
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Future
• Steady growth use of Institutional repository to distribute
research: REF
• New forms of publication and distribution
• New forms of academic assessment: peer review online,
know from other contexts who are the trusted names
• New ways to use text
• Support for local content in locally controlled
environment
• Collapse of academic monograph publishing: move to
digital to distribute
Open Access & the St Andrews
Digital Research Repository
Jeremy Upton
[email protected]
Janet Aucock
[email protected]