Transcript Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Intended for entry level anatomy students.

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Intended for entry level anatomy students
Intended to be viewed as full-screen….
select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” !
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well.
This is why the bony landmarks are so important.
Do not memorize the function of muscles !
Muscles contract only linearly.
Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions.
Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Each card is a set of three:
The first asks to identify the muscle.
The next provides the clues.
The third gives the name of the muscle.
1. Identify this muscle and its action !
1. Identify this muscle and its action !
Orbicularis Oculi
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Origin: margin of the orbit
Insertion: eyelid & skin of face
Action: closes eye, blink
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
2. Identify this muscle and its action !
2. Identify this muscle and its action !
Orbicularis oris
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Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Fibers of the lips
Action: Compresses lips
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: mandible
Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)
Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
Masseter
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Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: mandible
Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)
Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: manubrium and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),
or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)
Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
Sternocleidomastoid
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Origin: manubrium and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),
or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)
Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest
Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible
Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by
drawing it superiorly
Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
Platysma
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Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest
Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible
Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by
drawing it superiorly
Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Inferior border of rib
Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib
Action: Elevates ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
External Intercostals
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Origin: Inferior border of rib
Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib
Action: Elevates ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put
your hands in your pockets
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Superior border of inferior rib
Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib
Action: Depresses ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
Internal Intercostals
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Origin: Superior border of inferior rib
Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib
Action: Depresses ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your
hands on your heart (i.e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)
8. Identify this muscle and its action !
Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage
Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.
Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.
Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
8. Identify this muscle and its action !
Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage
Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.
Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.
Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
Respiratory Diaphragm
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs
Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest
Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run
when you put your hands in your pockets.
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
External Oblique Abdominus
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Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs
Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest
Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run
when you put your hands in your pockets.
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Pubis
Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process
Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
Rectus abdominus
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Origin: Pubis
Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process
Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle and scapula
Action: elevation of scapulae
Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
Trapezius
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Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle and scapula
Action: elevation of scapulae
Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus
(common insertion with teres major muscle).
Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
Latissimus dorsi
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Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus
(common insertion with teres major muscle).
Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)
13. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Anterior view
13. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Anterior view
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)
Action: Medial rotation of shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
13. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Subscapularis
(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
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Anterior view
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)
Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
Anterior view
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
Anterior view
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Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle
Action: abduct arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
Supraspinatus
(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
posterior view
Anterior view
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Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
Action: abduct arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
Anterior view
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
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Anterior view
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
Infraspinatus
(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
posterior view
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Anterior view
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder
Innervation: Axillary nerve
posterior view
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
Teres Minor
(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
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Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder
Innervation: Axillary nerve
posterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
Anterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
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Origin: clavicle and scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder
(similar to supraspinatus)
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Anterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
Deltoid
posterior view
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Origin: clavicle and scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder
(similar to supraspinatus)
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Anterior view
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle
Action: flex arm at shoulder
Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
Pectoralis major
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Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle
Action: flex arm at shoulder
Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow
(a two-joint muscle)
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
Biceps brachii
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Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow
(a two-joint muscle)
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
20. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior view
Posterior view
Anterior view
20. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin of
Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus
Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus
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Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)
Action: Extend forearm at elbow
Innervation: Radial nerve
Posterior view
Anterior view
20. Identify this muscle and its action !
Triceps brachii
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Origin of
Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus
Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus
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Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)
Action: Extend forearm at elbow
Innervation: Radial nerve
Posterior view
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal
Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist
Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the
Radial Nerve
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal
Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist
Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the
Radial Nerve
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist
Innervation: Median Nerve
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
Flexor Carpi Radialis
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist
Innervation: Median Nerve
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: iliac crest, sacrum
Posterior view
Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera
Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
Gluteus Maximus
Posterior view
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Origin: iliac crest, sacrum
Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera
Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
Gluteus Medius
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Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
Gluteus Minimus
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Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Posterior view
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
Semimembranosus
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Posterior view
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
Semitendinosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
Biceps Femoris, Long-Head
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Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: common fibular nerve
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
Biceps Femoris, Short-Head
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Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
Action: flex leg at knee
Innervation: common fibular nerve
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
Sartorius
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Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at
knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
Rectus Femoris
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Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at
knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
Vastus Medialis
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Origin: Intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Greater trochanter
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
Vastus Lateralis
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Origin: Greater trochanter
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
Vastus
Intermedius
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Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Extend leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: Femoral condyles
Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
Gastrocnemius
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Origin: Femoral condyles
Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
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Origin: tibia
Insertion: 1st metatarsal
Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
Tibialis Anterior
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Origin: tibia
Insertion: 1st metatarsal
Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Structures that you should study!
• Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle)
Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and
make it very difficult to perform their function.
This project was made possible by:
 Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007- present)
and artwork by
Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005-2006)