Transcript IMPLEMENTATION of The BOLOGNA PROCESS in TURKEY Baku Seminar Council of Europe May 26-27, 2008 Aybar Ertepinar 5/16/2008 Aybar Ertepınar 1/39

IMPLEMENTATION of
The BOLOGNA PROCESS
in TURKEY
Baku Seminar
Council of Europe
May 26-27, 2008
Aybar Ertepinar
5/16/2008
Aybar Ertepınar
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The Council of Higher Education (CoHE)
of Turkey
• Non-political constitutional body
• Autonomous supreme corporate public body with juristic
personality
• Governs all higher education
• Directs the activities of the institutions of higher education.
• Responsible for the planning, coordination, governance and
supervision of higher education within the provisions set
forth in the Constitution (Articles 130 and 131) and the
Higher Education Law (Law No. 2547).
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Main Functions and Duties of the CoHE
• to prepare short and long-term plans for the
establishment, development, and realization of
educational activities of the higher educational
institutions,
• to promote continual cooperation and
coordination among the institutions of higher
education,
• to ensure the establishment and development of
the higher education institutions in conformity
with the objectives and principles set forth by
law,
• to ensure the effective use of the resources
allotted to the universities
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Structure of the
Higher Education (HE) System
• HE system is defined as all post-
secondary programmes with a duration
of at least two years.
• Unitary system consisting of universities
– State Universities
– Foundation Universities (non-profit, private)
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Total Number of Students in HE
about
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2,500,000
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Total number of academic staff in HE 90,000
(numbers are rounded)
Prof.
13,000
Assoc. Prof
6,500
Asst. Prof.
16,000
Instructor
15,000
Language Instructor 6,500
Research Assistants 33,000
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The Bologna Process
&
Turkey
• Turkey joined B.P. at Prag ministerial
meeting in 2001
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The six objectives of the Bologna Process
(before Prag)
• Adoption of a system essentially based on two
main cycles
• Establishment of a system of credits
• Promotion of mobility
• Promotion of European cooperation in quality
assurance
• Promotion of the European dimensions in higher
education
• Adoption of a system of easily readable and
comparable degrees
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3 new action lines added at Prag
• Life long learning(LLL)
• (Active participation of the)
Higher education institutions and
students
• Promoting the attractiveness of the
European Higher Education Area(EHEA)
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... and the last action line added in
Berlin (2003)
European Higher Education Area and
European Research Area (the two
pillars of the knowledge based
society) and, hence, the new cycle:
• The third cycle (Ph.D.)
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The degree structure at HE level
in Turkey
- Short cycle (two-year, post secondary)
and already in accordance with the B.P. before joining the
B.P.,
• First cycle (Bachelor’s)
• Second cycle (Master’s)
• Third cycle (Ph.D.)
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Earlier experience similar to
ECTS and DS
The experience of METU from 1956 to 1987
about the course credit system (taking into
account all the student load) for the course, and
transcripts giving those details (GPA, CGPA), and
other HEIs following it in 1970’s and 1980’s (but
with a new credit system, not comparable with
ECS)
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Developments on
Diploma Supplement (DS)
• A national DS template
– in line with the model suggested by the
relevant bodies
• DS in Turkey
– mandatory at all HEIs since the end of 20052006 academic year
– includes ECTS credits,
– issued to students in 2 languages: one in
Turkish and one in English/German/French,
upon request, first copy being free of charge
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Student Mobility
• about 4,500 students participated in the
Erasmus programme in 2006-2007
• demand was much higher
• National Agency of Turkey is expecting a
significant increase in their budget
• outgoing more than incoming
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Units/Committees established for the
implementation of the B.P.
as of December 2007
• a permanent unit (EU & Int’l Relations
Office, EUIRO) has been established
within CoHE
• Bologna Process Policy committees for
action lines/group of action lines:
• Strategy Development Committee
(national level-by CoHE)
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cont’d
– YÖDEK-national level (initiated by the
CoHE and IUC)
• Committee for Academic Assessment
and Quality Improvement at HEIs, an
independent national QA authority
responsible for accreditation of
national external QA agencies
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cont’d
– ADEK- institutional level
(institutional committee for academic
assessment and quality improvement)
– Committee for NQF for HE (national level, by
CoHE)
– Committee for EUROSTUDENT Project (national
level, by CoHE)
–
National Team of Bologna Experts including one student
(for promoting action lines, EC funded, funding
distributed by the TR National Agency for LLP, SPO)
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Developments on
Quality Assurance
• National Regulation for Academic Assessment and
Quality Improvement at HEIs
• In line with the standards and guidelines of
ENQA
• Embodies 5 key elements of assessment
system listed in Berlin Communiqué:





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internal assessment,
external review,
participation of student,
publication of results,
international participation.
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cont’d
• “Committee for Academic Assessment and
Quality Improvement at HEIs” (YÖDEK)
– independent
– not a legal entity yet- work on the way.
Note: not a member of EQAR yet!...
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cont’d
• 9 members elected by the Interuniversity Board
(IUC) and one student member appointed by the
national student union
• 40 HEIs out of then 78 (total number of HEIs at that date)
•
have already completed their self-assessment
reports and first internal assessment of all
universities as well as the external assessment of
some have bern completed, but not published.
All the strategic development plans, including
CoHE, have been evaluated by an external expert.
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Student Participation NQA
• one student appointed by the NSC as a full
member of the national QA agency, YÖDEK
• universities required to include one
representative from their student union in
their “Academic Assessment and Quality
Improvement Board (ADEK)” as a full
member
• students participate and enjoy the same
privileges in internal/external evaluation
teams as the other team members
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International Participation in QA as of Fall 2007
• ABET (USA)
42 engineering programmes of 4 universities
• EUA
 Institutional Evaluation Programme:
12 universities were evaluated and 5 universities applied
 Quality Culture Project
3 universities in 1st phase
1 university in 2nd phase
2 universities in 3rd phase
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Student Participation in Bologna Process
• “Regulation on Student Councils of Higher
Education Institutions and the National Student
Council of Higher Education Institutions in
Turkey”
 enacted by CoHE on September 20, 2005
 a national-level student council has been
established the same year
 complete bottom-up organizational process
and distribution of power in the most
democratic manner starting from the
departments/programme/major level at the
bottom to the higher education institution
and the national level at the top.
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cont’d
• President of university student union can attend:
 the Senate and the Executive Board meetings of the
university if student-related issues are in the agenda of
the meetings
 the General Board of CoHE and the Interuniversity Board
meetings upon the invitation of the President of CoHE if
student related issues are to be discussed in the meeting
 change in the HE Law is required to give voting rights to
the students in these boards
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Developments on
National Qualifications Framework for HE
• The Core Committee for the NQF for HE
established (by CoHE on May 26, 2006)
– level descriptors prepared,
– feedbacks from universities received (end of
summer 2007)
– ready for implementation by the IUC and CoHE
• Conference in Fall 2007 (Muğla University)
– with the support of the Council of Europe,
– with the participation of experts from the CoE
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Cont’d
Implementation
• the Engineering and Education
Faculties and programmes in these
faculties started their NQF
implementation work, in Fall 2007
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Cont’d
• validation of non-formal or informal
competences for access purposes will be out
of scope of the Turkish NQF for HE due to
the lack of a favorable legal framework for
the time being.
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Developments on
Joint Degrees
• No legal obstacles existed
– Universities can set up and carry out
joint degree programmes through
bilateral protocols
– Encouragement needed
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Cont’d
• December 28, 2006 - Regulation on
international joint/dual degree
programmes in higher education.
– Encourages the establishment and
provision of international joint
programmes in Turkey in two ways:
• Providing extra income for faculty
and staff
• Attracting students to the first cycle
joint/dual programmes
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Developments on
Recognition of Degrees and Study Periods
Lisbon Recognition Convention (LRC):
• Ratification process of LRC has been completed
– approved by the Law No. 5463 of February 23, 2006, and
ratified by the Cabinet Decision No. 2006/11158.
– came into force on March 1, 2007
• Adoption of the five basic principles of LRC by the
Decision of CoHE dated April 13, 2006
• Reservation on Article IV.8 of the Convention regarding
the access condition of non-traditional
qualifications
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New Developments on
Recognition of Degrees and Study (Cont’d)
• necessary amendments in line with the
LRC and its supplementary texts in the
“Regulation on Recognition of Foreign
Higher Education Qualifications”
• new regulation was adopted on May 2007
and published in the Official Journal.
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LIFE-LONG LEARNING(LLL)
• -some universities started granting professional experience a
limited number of course- credit in some of their second cyle
programmes
• -almost all the HEIs have “continuous education centres”
contributing to LLL ( offer seminars, conferences and refresher
courses to professionals and public at large)
• “Second University” project carried out by Anadolu University(since
2001) The project enables the Associate and the Bachelor degree
holders and undergraduate students to be admitted to the distancelearning programmes of AnadoluUniversity without any entrance
exam.. The Bachelor degree holders can apply to both two- or fouryear distance-learning programmes, while the Associate
degreeholders can be admitted only to the two-year distancelearning programmes. (current enrollment: 40,000)
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Cont’d
LLL
But
• the validation of non-formal or informal
competences is not applicable in Turkey
for acces to any cycle due to the lack of a
favourable legal framework.
• It is not likely that this concept will appear
in the strategic agenda of HE in a
foreseeable future.
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Third Cycle(Ph.D.)
BERGEN Communiqué, Article 3, para. 1 (2005)
• “To achieve these objectives, doctoral level qualifications
need to be fully aligned with the EHEA overarching
framework for qualifications using the outcomes-based
approach. The core component of doctoral training is the
advancement of knowledge through original research.
Considering the need for structured doctoral
programmes and the need for transparent supervision
and assessment, we note that the normal workload of
the third cycle in most countries would correspond to 3-4
years full time. We urge universities to ensure that their
doctoral programmes promote interdisciplinary training
and the development of transferable skills, thus meeting
the needs of the wider employment market.
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cont’d
BERGEN Communiqué, Article 3, para. 1 (2005)
We need to achieve an overall increase in the numbers of
doctoral candidates taking up research careerswithin the
EHEA. We consider participants in third cycle
programmes both as students and as early stage
researchers. We charge the Bologna Follow-up Group
with inviting the European University Association,
together with other interested partners, to prepare a
report under the responsibility of the Follow-up Group on
the further development of the basic principles for
doctoral programmes, to be presented to Ministers in
2007. Overregulation of doctoral programmes must be
avoided.”
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Third Cycle in Turkey
•
•
•
•
•
•
all structured, all offered by universities
Normally 8 semesters,
minimum of 7 courses(over 2nd cyle) and
dissertation based on original research
most students employed by the universityduring
their work, some on scholarships
NQF level descriptors(of the core committee)
fully aligned with the EQF using the outcomesbased approach.
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BOLOGNA SCORECARD
2007- TURKEY
Degree
System
TURKEY
2007
Bologna
Countries
Mean Score
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Quality Assurance
1
2
3
Impl
Acc
NQF
5
5
3
4.1
4.5
2.9
4
Recognition
LLL
Joint
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ext
Stud
Int
DS
LRC
ECTS
LLL
JD
5
4
4
3
4
4
5
3
5
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.5
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.7
4.6
ESG
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STILL AHEAD
for the entire Bologna Family
• The process is dynamic and is subject to new
developments at all times (whatever the EHEA
and ERA needs to make its member States the
most competetive knowlege-based society and
knowledge-based economy).
... new action lines ???
... new indicators within the existing action
lines ???
... Bologna beyond 2010 ???????... ?..
for Turkey, before 2010
• NQA to become a legal entity
• Become a member of EQAR
• Sources of funding for external review for QA
• NQF in line with EQF to be fully implemented
• LLL
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Thank you
for
your patience !
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