Managing e-journals: Challenges for the Library Poornima Narayana Deputy Head, Information Center National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore 560 017 [email protected] Bangalore University Jan.
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Managing e-journals: Challenges for the Library Poornima Narayana Deputy Head, Information Center National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore 560 017 [email protected] Bangalore University Jan. 31, 2006 Electronic Publications A term that can refer broadly to the publication of any document in Electronic media E journals Web magazines Electronic newspapers Transition from print to digital Increasing digital content impacts on • • • space, technology, budget, staffing levels and staffing type collection development and management user expectations and behaviours E Journal Characteristics A journal, usually scholarly, which can be read in an electronic form Within it articles are published by different authors Usually, a full text journal ISSN E-only: Advantages No handling of print No binding of journals Less storage space required User satisfaction Seamless, one-stop access Individualised for the student Flexible for the teacher Universally accessible Easy to use Traditional Services that apply to the Ejournal World Pre-payment of order – cash flow issue Order consolidation Proof of payment maintenance Line item invoicing Fund accounting ILS feeds for invoicing EDI Consolidated Renewals Reporting Customer Service Representative / Tech Support How many e-only journals are there? Growth in e-only journals?? 1995 - 2004 ? 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Actually, it’s rather hard to find out … 11,267 12,000 10,000 8,000 5636 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1412 85 ISI 239 ISI/OA DOAJ Ulrich EBSCOhost E-Journals Major Players Primary publishers Aggregators Vendors Document delivery agencies E-print systems What publishers are doing? 83% of journals have electronic edition Variety of pricing models, but pricing still linked to print edition Formal provisions for long-term preservation: • 52% of commercial • 45% of not-for-profit publishers Source: Report on academic journal publishers' policies and practices in online publishing Cox, J. (ALPSP 2003) Large publishers’ experience with e-only All have experimented with e-only journals But are currently publishing very few, if any e-only journals Some e-only journals failed, or added print Publishers cite authors’ dislike of submitting to e-only journals • “experimented with one born-digital e-only journal which has experienced problems with attracting unsolicited manuscripts” Consortia access and online-only subscription • Online-only subscriptions ~10% • Differences between STM and HSS None has current plans to drop print • Still seen as 3-5 years off Some would like to drop print – but “librarians won’t let them” Source: personal communications, 2005. License terms E-resource life cycle Libraries Trial use Order Price Assess need/budget Pay Evaluate Acquire Evaluate Monitor Provide Support Provide Access Administer License terms E-resource life cycle Libraries Trial use Order Price Assess need/budget Pay IP Addresses Evaluate Register User feedback Proxy Servers Acquire Catalog Usage stats Evaluate Monitor Downtime analysis Portals/Access lists Campus authentication Provide Access Review problems Problem log Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage URL maintenance Provide Support Administer User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Claiming License terms E-resource life cycle Libraries Trial use Order Price Assess need/budget Pay IP Addresses Evaluate Register User feedback Proxy Servers Acquire Catalog Usage stats Evaluate Monitor Downtime analysis Portals/Acces s lists Campus authentication Provide Access Review problems Problem log URL maintenance Provide Support Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage New processes introduced Administer User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Claiming License terms E-resource life cycle Publishers Offer trial Pricing Marketing/ Sales Fulfillment reports Order handling Invoices Hosting site Registration Acquire IP Addresses Title lists Usage stats Evaluate Monitor Campus authentication Provide Access Metasearch/ Z39.50 Subscription problems Hardware problems Software problems Customer Service Technical Support Provide Support Durable URL Support Administer User IDs IP Changes Subscription upgrades Claiming Title Lists for packages Enforce License terms Title Changes E-Journal User Study (Stanford, 2002) EJs had reached a mature stage among life scientists and clinicians, where almost everyone uses them regularly Almost 80% of respondents had used EJs during the week before responding 12% had used them during the last month 8% had used EJs more than a month ago Only 2% were nonusers 23% of access to journals via print copies (Stanford 2002) Source: E-Journal User Study, Stanford, November 2002 What is the Role of the Agent? Offer subscription services and supporting products that benefit both libraries and publishers Do this more efficiently than either can do on their own Be compensated by both parties for the value we add What value do Agents bring? 1) 2) 3) “Traditional” agent services that also apply to the e-journal world New “e-agent services” that help customers acquire and manage eresources E-resource management products, linking services and databases New E-Agent Services Special handling for online orders Dedicated e-journal processing teams Rapid processing of online orders and registration assistance Gathering of PID/SID numbers from publishers Email notification to customers of PID/SID & registration requirements Notify publishers of IP address changes Automatic registration for select publishers Assistance with subscrition upgrades and format changes New E-Agent Services With order through Agent, library benefits from Automatic Automatic service) Automatic Automatic Automatic update of E-Journal gateway update of online Title List (A-to-Z update of Link Resolver update of OPAC – MARC records update of Smart Links E-Resource Access Management Products E-Journal Gateways A-to-Z or Title lists Full text databases Bibliographic databases Link Resolvers (OpenURL) Smart Linking Processing of e-journals without an Agent Without Agent 1 Administrator 4 E-Journal Gateway CUSTOMER 2. Get SID/PID 4. Add to gateway A-to-Z List 8 Link resolver 9 6 5. Add to A-to-Z list 6. Add to link resolver 7. Catalog 8. Add to Locals at A&I 9. Add to Locals at FT 3 Publisher Publisher site Publisher site Publisher site site 5 1. Place order 3. Register 2 7 OPAC 8 A&I 8 A&I database A&I database database 9Full text 9Full text database Full text database database 1 With Agent Order processing (Worst Case publisher) Administrator CUSTOMER 1. Place order EBSCOhost EJS Publisher Publisher site Publisher site Publisher site site 3 2. Get PID/SID 3. Register 4. Export titles from EJS & update holdings EBSCO A-to-Z Agent • Order • Add to EJS • Add to SmartLinks • Add to A-to-Z list • Add to LinkSource • MARC updates for OPAC LinkSource OPAC 4 A&I A&I 4 database EBSCOhost database A&I SmartLinks Full text Full text 4 database EBSCOhost 4 database Full text How an Agent helps the librarian improve processing of e-journals New E-Agent Services Publisher Package Purchases Assistance with information, pricing, negotiation and ordering for individual institutions and consortia Holdings Analysis Publishers require a report of holdings in order to consider making an offer for their subscription package. The agent is uniquely suited to provide this information quickly and accurately -- and is generally a trusted source for the publisher. New E-Agent Services E-journal Auditing Are you getting what you paid for? (delayed, ceased, titles sold) Are you getting what you want? (tracking package title changes) Customized Reports To evaluate the benefits of subscribing to a publisher package or through a consortium. • Reports showing savings for discounted print • Reports showing savings with annual price caps • Other customized reports New E-Agent Services Summary inventory of e-access information Where can the title be accessed? What does the publisher need in order to provide access? One-stop customer service What happens if you can’t get access? Who do you call? How many publisher contacts do you have to maintain? Library e-Services Publisher Publisher site Publisher site Publisher site site E-Journal Gateway User A-to-Z List OPAC Link resolver A&I A&I database A&I database database Full text Full text database Full text database database Document Document Delivery Document Delivery Delivery Value provided by products E-Journal Management Registration tracking Admin Alerts Content, access coverage and embargos Complete collection management URL management Article and journal level linking support Knowledgebase management for link resolvers E-Journal Access Locator tools for both journals and articles TOC browsing Cross-publisher searching of e-journal holdings Easy incorporation with metasearch systems Value provided by products Linking Increase in usage efficiency through interconnectivity of resources Streamlining of collection management Cost reduction due to decrease of interlibrary lending and document delivery services Usage Statistics Journal and article level usage Link-out activity Basis for collection management, purchase evaluation, budget allocation and user training General Platform harmonization and reduction of access complexity Independence from publisher platforms Reduction of IT costs through hosted solutions and continuous product development Is the total cost of a subscription really decreasing without an Agent? Increased number of tasks and complexity creates need for new and more skilled staff Cost of purchase vs. total cost of owning and managing a subscription • loss of economies of scale • Shift of work from publisher/agent to librarian • Still need for comprehensive title information Library traditional budgets decrease or shift away from library after intial e-resource experimentation phase – loss of budget control Other things to consider in buying direct from publishers Central buying entities are comparable to small agents without systems and service infrastructure – the additional cost will impact libraries in the mid-term Most discounts provided to librarians are also provided to agents Despite what the publisher sales reps might say: publishers will allow agents to handle e-journal transactions if libraries wish to do so A new paradigm is developing E-License Negotiators (Consortia or Library) + Information Services Agents Focus and alignment of interests in License Negotiation Cost effective and systems based transaction handling and administration Keeps Library in control of its purchasing Pricing Models • No Universally Acceptable E-journals Pricing and Licensing Models • Ongoing experimentation • Negotiation possible • Charge for content • Delivery format optional • Increasingly will be based on usage Pricing Models in Operation • Bundled – Free with print AIP, APS, AMS, Elsevier, Wiley • Print as base + surcharge on electronic Premium payments range from10-25% ACS (20%), OSA (25%) • Electronic only Small increase (ACS 105%) Same price (OSA) Discount from print (AIP 80%, AMS 90%) • Totally unbundled – No discount for both JBC (P- $ 1600, E- $1200, P+E- $ 2800) • Free e-version only Charge for print if required British Medical Journal Continue… Technology Essentials Dedicated Internet connection with sufficient bandwidth Campus backbone, LAN, WAN, and peripheral hardware, e.g. printers Computer workstations Appropriate software Support - maintenance, trouble shooting Training Users need to: know how to use a PC how to search for and find information resources be aware of resources that are available Different users have different needs: academics, researchers, librarians, students, administrators • Different training strategies required for different users E-Resources Subscribed under UGC-Infonet 23 + 6 DB 36 31 34 Life Sci. 222 8 72 19 100 +100 subscribed, Access all 1200 titles 29 319 28 Lib. Sci. In addition - Access to 2 Gateway portal services to 28 univ. each Challenges for journals of the future? The future is electronic, BUT ??? Will primary research become essentially free? - Peer-to-peer networks: Direct to end user publishing How will STM publishers add greater value? - Will we become peer-review organisations? Is the subscription model outdated? - One-size does not fit all anymore When will new financial models prove themselves? How will copyright and permissions policies function in a networked environment? In relation to e-prints, personal web pages, course pack use Thank you!