AGING, ECONOMY & NATIONAL DEFENSE *the Pax Geriatrica Range: 0 - 21 Population Age 65+ (%) Afghanistan 2 Saudi Arabia 2 YemenJordanIraqIranEgyptChinaUnited States 12 RussiaJapanSource: PRB 2007 World.
Download ReportTranscript AGING, ECONOMY & NATIONAL DEFENSE *the Pax Geriatrica Range: 0 - 21 Population Age 65+ (%) Afghanistan 2 Saudi Arabia 2 YemenJordanIraqIranEgyptChinaUnited States 12 RussiaJapanSource: PRB 2007 World.
AGING, ECONOMY & NATIONAL DEFENSE *the Pax Geriatrica Range: 0 - 21 Population Age 65+ (%) Afghanistan 2 Saudi Arabia 2 Yemen 2 Jordan 3 Iraq 3 Iran 5 Egypt 5 China 8 United States 12 Russia 14 Japan 21 Source: PRB 2007 World Population Data Sheet • Except for Japan, the world’s 15 oldest countries are all in Europe. • The U.S. population is relatively “young” by European standards, with less than 13 percent age 65 or older, ranking as the 38th oldest country. • The aging of the baby-boom generation in the United States will push the proportion of older Americans to 20 percent by 2030; it will still be lower than in most Western European countries. • The older share of the population is expected to more than double between 2000 and 2030 in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. Aging is occurring more slowly in sub-Saharan Africa, where relatively high birth rates are keeping the population “young.” Speed of Population Aging in Selected Countries Number of Years for Percent of Population Age 65 or Older to Rise from 7% to 14% More developed countries Less developed countries France 1865-1980 115 Sweden 1890-1975 85 Australia 1938-2011 United States 73 1944-2013 69 Canada 1944-2009 65 Hungary 1941-1994 53 41 Az erbaijan 2000-2041 Chile 1998-2025 27 China 2000-2026 26 Jamaica 2008-2033 25 Tunisia 2008-2032 24 Sri Lanka 2004-2027 23 Poland 1966-2013 47 Thailand 2003-2025 22 United Kingdom 1930-1975 45 Brazil 2011-2032 21 Spain 1947-1995 45 Colombia 2017-2037 20 Singapore 2000-2019 19 Japan 1970-1996 26 Why is the Developed World Growing Older? • Decreased birthrates • Increased life expectancy Fertility Rate • United States – – – – – 2.46 in 1968 2.05 in 1992 2.04 in 2004 2.09 in 2007 2.19 in 2050 • China – – – – – 6.38 in 1968 1.92 in 1992 1.85 in 2004 1.75 in 2007 1.70 in 2050 Life Expectancy (US) • The age for social security (65) was set in 1935 • 12 years was the average life expectancy after retirement. (77 male) • 1997 life expectancy 80/84 • 2070 life expectancy 83/89 • Retirement age would be 72 if life expectancy was indexed based on 1935 Aging in China Percent of Elderly (65+) in China’s Population, 1950-2050 25 20 15 10 5 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (2005). 2020 2030 2040 2050 Costs of Aging • When workforce shrinks so does GDP – Japan & Russia workforce will decline 34% by 2050 – China 3% • Elderly tend to be more conservative – Less entrepreneurship? • Reduced productivity – Reduced savings? • Higher interest rates Costs of aging (cont) • Pressure on Government resources – Retirement/health care costs • Pay as you go retirement systems – Current workers support current retirees • By 2050 the US will spend 20% GDP on social programs for the elderly – Government Revenues (tax) only supply 18% GDP Implications of Aging • The United States will experience a significant increase in population over age 65. • The United States will still be in better shape than most of the world (including our chief rival China) • Aging populations will necessitate massive outlays of government funds. • Funding this outlay will likely result in retrenchment of overseas obligations. • Elder care will shift the paradigm from compassion to national security United States • • • • Youngest of all G-8 nations Highest fertility rate Highest immigration rate Working age populations are on the decline except for US which predicted to increase 31% by 2050. China • 2050 the median age will be 45 • Dependency rate rises from 10:1 to 2.5:1 in 2050 • Unprepared to pay the bill – 80% of households have less than 1 year of savings – 75% of workers have no pension coverage • One child law and urbanization have destroyed traditional elder care structures PAX AMERICANA GERIATRICA • Population aging will ensure American dominance into the 21st century – Massive costs of elder care combined with economic slowdown will inhibit increased military spending – Military will have to choose between personnel and R&D costs – US is aging to lesser a extent and is better prepared to absorb the shock • States will have to crowd out military spending for elder care – This is already happening in Japan Some bad news • No great power can overtake us but crowding out of military spending will possibly mean the end of coalition actions • Rising costs will not allow to maintain our current level of power projection The War on Terror • In 2000 45% of all citizens in middle east were 15-29 years old – Unemployment higher than 26% • By 2030 these youth bulges should subside and help bring stability. • Aging is the key to victory? DEMOGRAPHIC ISSUES WILL BE THE KEY DRIVERS OF THE ECONOMY AND NATIONAL DEFENSE Questions?