Transcript Chemical & Biological Defense Program S&T Overview Dr. Charles Gallaway Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Chemical & Biological Defense Directorate,

Chemical & Biological Defense Program
S&T Overview
Dr. Charles Gallaway
Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and
Biological Defense
Chemical & Biological Defense Directorate, DTRA
25 April 2005
APBI 2005
11/6/2015 4:23 AM
1
Outline
• Overview
• Program Transformation
• Business Opportunities
2
JSTO is an integral member of the
CBDP Team
• Combatant Commanders
• Services
Joint Requirements
Office (JRO)
Required
Capabilities
Test &
Evaluation
Joint Science &
Technology Office
DTRA/CB
S&T Gaps
Mature Technologies
Joint Program
Executive
Office (JPEO)
3
Mission
Develop and sustain a robust, agile, and
flexible science and technology program
to support chemical and biological
defense capability needs
Transition
Technologies
Answer
Science
Questions
Maintain
Robust
Tech Base
Mission Space
• Maneuvering warfighters
• Installation protection
• Homeland defense
• Global war on terrorism
4
CBDP S&T is…
•Technically challenging
–Exceedingly high customer expectations
–No "silver bullet" solutions
•Scientifically diverse
–Numerous and disparate disciplines
–Distinct chemical and biological solutions
5
We reach out to the best-in-class
performers
Academia
Industry
Service Labs/Agencies
FFRDCs
National Labs
6
President’s budget request reflects
significant increase to S&T
500
400
$(M)
Cong Add
300
JSTO PB
Request
200
100
0
FY05
FY06
7
CBDP S&T Funding
Funding in Program
Element Space
Funding for FY06
Medical S&T
6.1
6.2
6.3
Medical S&T
Physical S&T
Physical S&T
6.1
6.2
6.3
*As of FY06 President’s Budget
*FY06 - $409M
8
We redirected the S&T program
toward…
• Earliest warning
– Detection
– Medical diagnostics & surveillance
– Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
• Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
– Pretreatment
– Therapeutics
• “How clean is safe?”
– Decontamination
– Low-Level toxicology
– Environmental fate of agent
9
Detection
• Objective: Develops a real-time capability to detect, identify,
quantify, and track the presence of all CB warfare agent threats
at physiologically significant levels.
• Challenges:
– Signatures that can be used to distinguish threat agents from the
background
– Algorithms that rapidly and
reliably distinguish threat
agent signatures from a
complex background
– Excitation sources and
photomultipliers that extend
ranges, but minimize size,
weight, cost and power
consumption
10
Medical Diagnostics & surveillance
• Objective: develop FDA-approved systems to identify/confirm
exposure to BW agents, ideally before symptoms occur.
• Challenges:
– Development of field deployable hand-held instrumentation
– Identifying appropriate physical and chemical variables,
biomarkers and parameters for ensuring accuracy and
sensitivity of the analytical process
– Identifying suitable gene targets based on bioinformatics
Rapid
Nucleic
Acid
Analysis
Sampling
&
Specimen
Processing
Immunodiagnostics
Other
Clinical
Diagnosis
or
Medical
Intelligence
Classical
Microbiology
11
Battlespace Analysis & Integrated
Early Warning
• Objective: Develop information technology tools that integrate
threat information, CB sensor and reconnaissance data,
protective posture, environmental conditions, medical
surveillance, with dispersion and operational effects models
to warn affected personnel without impacting on operations
elsewhere.
• Challenges:
– CBRN hazards on complex, urban
terrain and fixed sites
– Integration of non-CBR and nonsensor data
– Applicable expert and artificial
intelligence systems
– Human effects, small unit behaviors
and low level/long-term exposures
in CB environment
Atmospheric Transport
Ship/Urban Transport
Frame 001 ½ 08 Jan 2003 ½ Colorado Terrain
5
41
4
40
2
So
uth
/N o
rth
Elevation (km)
3
39
-109
-108
-107
E as
t/W
38
-106
est
-105
-104
37
12
We redirected the S&T program
toward…
• Earliest warning
– Detection
– Medical diagnostics & surveillance
– Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
• Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
– Pretreatment
– Therapeutics
• “How clean is safe?”
– Decontamination
– Low-Level toxicology
– Environmental fate of agent
13
Pretreatment
• Objective: Develop vaccines and other pre-exposure treatments
against validated chemical and biological threat agents.
• Challenges:
– Identifying the specific pathogen components required to elicit a
protective immune response
– Developing appropriate animal model systems to demonstrate
efficacy
– Development of a catalytic nerve agent bioscavenger
14
Therapeutics
• Objective: Develop FDA-licensable drugs to treat personnel
exposed to validated biological and chemical warfare agents.
Augment existing nerve agent chemical defense
countermeasures with improved neuroprotection and
anticonvulsant compounds.
• Challenges:
– FDA requires demonstration of efficacy in animal model
– Vesicant and nerve agents have multiple host effects to protect
against
– Rapid acting therapies needed for viral threats
– Ricin and botulinum toxin modes of action are intracellular
15
We redirected the S&T program
toward…
• Earliest warning
– Detection
– Medical diagnostics & surveillance
– Battlespace Awareness & Information dissemination
• Broad spectrum medical countermeasures
– Pretreatment
– Therapeutics
• “How clean is safe?”
– Decontamination
– Low-Level toxicology
– Environmental fate of agent
16
Decontamination
• Objective: Develops technology to remove and/or
detoxify/neutralize contaminated material without damaging
combat equipment, personnel, or the environment.
• Challenges:
– Removing or detoxifying chemical agents bound in porous matrices to
a standard below low-level toxicological thresholds
– Decontaminant material compatibility and environmental safety
– Logistical supportability (minimize quantity and variety of
decontaminants required)
Damage to Polycarbonate Headlamp Cover
Before
After
17
Low-level toxicity
• Objective: Perform cross-validation studies for exposure route
comparison that refine operational human health risk
assessments. Assess short-term effects of CW agents following
a range of low-dose exposures for varying durations to improve
estimates of impact on human operational readiness.
• Challenges:
– Generation and maintenance of stable exposure conditions
– Cross validation of routes of
exposure and species
• Inhalation/Injection/
Percutaneous
• Animal models to human
extrapolation
– Communicating complex and
variable data in an ORM framework
18
Environmental fate of agent
• Objective: Measure and understand the physicochemical
processes on agents on surfaces in order to predict their
persistence and fate in operational scenarios.
• Challenges:
– Developing methodologies for high-precision delivery, sampling, and
measurements of small quantities of highly toxic materials
– Developing novel methodology for measuring surface contamination
– Managing a complex set of surfaces,
agents, and environmental conditions
to measure
– Understanding the effects of scaling;
from laboratory, to wind tunnel, then
field tests
– Assessing predictive modeling
accuracy from limited CW agents
outdoor field test facilities
McNamara Glove Box Facility
(MGBF)
19
Doing Business with JSTO
• Broad Area Announcements
– Annual
– Tailored
• MARS
• Advanced Concepts Technology Demonstrations
(ACTDs)
• Chemical & Biological Defense Initiative Fund
(CBDIF)
• Transformational BW Countermeasures solicitation
• Small Business Innovative Research (SBIRs)
20
Contacting the Joint Science &
Technology Office for CB Defense
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Also through the DTRA website
– www.dtra.mil
21